Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics

440 Pages·2016·15.22 MB·English

by  Joseph J. S. Shang

COMPUTATIONAL
ELECTROMAGNETIC-
AERODYNAMICS
IEEEPress
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KennethMoore,DirectorofIEEEBookandInformationServices(BIS)
TechnicalReviewer
FrankLu,UniversityofTexasatArlington
COMPUTATIONAL
ELECTROMAGNETIC-
AERODYNAMICS
JOSEPHJ.S.SHANG
EmeritusResearchProfessorofWrightStateUniversity
EmeritusScientistofUSAirForceResearchLaboratory
IEEE SeriesonRFandMicrowaveTechnology
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ISBN:978-1-110-15592-8
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Preface ix
1 PlasmaFundamentals 1
Introduction, 1
1.1 ElectromagneticField, 3
1.2 DebyeLength, 7
1.3 PlasmaFrequency, 10
1.4 PoissonEquationofPlasmadynamics, 12
1.5 ElectricConductivity, 13
1.6 GeneralizedOhm’sLaw, 16
1.7 Maxwell’sEquations, 19
1.8 WavesinPlasma, 20
1.9 ElectromagneticWavesPropagation, 23
1.10 JouleHeating, 27
1.11 TransportProperties, 29
1.12 AmbipolarDiffusion, 32
References, 34
2 IonizationProcesses 36
Introduction, 36
2.1 MicroscopicDescriptionofGas, 38
2.2 MacroscopicDescriptionofGas, 43
2.3 ChemicalReactionsandEquilibrium, 47
2.4 SahaEquationofIonization, 50
v
vi CONTENTS
2.5 IonizationMechanisms, 51
2.6 Photoionization, 54
2.7 ThermalIonization, 56
2.8 ElectronImpactIonization, 61
References, 67
3 MagnetohydrodynamicsFormulation 69
Introduction, 69
3.1 BasicAssumptionsofMHD, 71
3.2 IdealMHDEquations, 74
3.3 EigenvaluesofIdealMHDEquation, 80
3.4 FullMHDEquations, 86
3.5 ShockJumpConditioninPlasma, 91
3.6 SolutionsofMHDEquations, 95
References, 100
4 ComputationalElectromagnetics 102
Introduction, 102
4.1 Time-DependentMaxwellEquations, 105
4.2 Characteristic-BasedFormulation, 108
4.3 GoverningEquationsonCurvilinearCoordinates, 112
4.4 FarFieldBoundaryConditions, 121
4.5 Finite-DifferenceApproximation, 123
4.6 Finite-VolumeApproximation, 131
4.7 High-ResolutionAlgorithms, 137
References, 143
5 ElectromagneticWavePropagationandScattering 146
Introduction, 146
5.1 PlaneElectromagneticWaves, 147
5.2 MotioninWaveguide, 150
5.3 WavePassesthroughPlasmaSheet, 155
5.4 PyramidalHornAntenna, 160
5.5 WaveReflectionandScattering, 168
5.6 RadarSignatureReduction, 177
5.7 AProspectiveofCEMintheTimeDomain, 180
References, 189
6 ComputationalFluidDynamics 192
Introduction, 192
6.1 GoverningEquations, 194
6.2 Viscous–InviscidInteractions, 199
CONTENTS vii
6.3 Self-SustainedOscillations, 209
6.4 VorticalDynamics, 221
6.5 Laminar–TurbulentTransition, 228
References, 232
7 ComputationalElectromagnetic-Aerodynamics 237
Introduction, 237
7.1 MultifluidPlasmaModel, 239
7.2 GoverningEquationsofCEA, 242
7.3 ChemicalKineticsforThermalIonization, 250
7.4 ChemicalKineticsforElectronImpactIonization, 258
7.5 TransportProperties, 262
7.6 NumericalAlgorithms, 268
References, 276
8 ModelingElectronImpactIonization 279
Introduction, 279
8.1 TransportPropertyviaDrift-DiffusionTheory, 282
8.2 Drift-DiffusionTheoryinTransverseMagneticField, 289
8.3 BoundaryConditionsonElectrodes, 292
8.4 QuantumChemicalKinetics, 300
8.5 NumericalAlgorithms, 305
8.6 InnovativeNumericalProcedures, 311
References, 322
9 Joule-HeatingActuators 325
Introduction, 325
9.1 FeaturesofDirectCurrentDischarge, 327
9.2 VirtualLeadingEdgeStrake, 333
9.3 MagneticFieldAmplification, 341
9.4 VirtualVariableGeometryCowl, 349
9.5 TrailingEdgeofAirfoil, 358
9.6 HydrodynamicStabilityandSelf-Oscillation, 362
References, 366
10 Lorentz-ForceActuator 369
Introduction, 369
10.1 RemoteEnergyDeposition, 371
10.2 StagnationPointHeatTransferMitigation, 376
10.3 FeaturesofDielectricBarrierDischarge, 379
10.4 PeriodicElectrostaticForce, 390
10.5 DBDFlowControlActuator, 402
viii CONTENTS
10.6 Laminar–TurbulentTransition, 406
10.7 IonThrustersforSpaceExploration, 408
10.8 PlasmaMicroJet, 413
References, 415
Index 419