Comprehensive Pharmacy Review for NAPLEX

1423 Pages·2012·19.79 MB·English

by  Leon Shargel

Comprehensive
Pharmacy Review
for NAPLEX
Eighth Edition
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Comprehensive
Pharmacy Review
for NAPLEX
Eighth Edition
EDITORS
Leon Shargel,
PhD, RPh
Alan H. Mutnick,
PharmD, FASHP, RPh
Paul F. Souney,
MS, RPh
Larry N. Swanson,
PharmD, FASHP, RPh
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Acquisitions Editor: Sirkka Howes
Product Manager: Michael Marino
Marketing Manager: Joy Fisher-Williams
Design Coordinator: Teresa Mallon
Production Services: Absolute Service, Inc.
Eighth Edition
Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business.
351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square
Baltimore, MD 21201 2001 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Printed in China
All rights reserved. Th is book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information
storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied
in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as
U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via e-mail at
[email protected], or via website at lww.com (products and services).
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Comprehensive pharmacy review for NAPLEX / editors, Leon Shargel ... [et al.]. — 8th ed.
p. ; cm.
Comprehensive pharmacy review for North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination
Includes index.
Rev. ed. of: Comprehensive pharmacy review / editors, Leon Shargel ... [et al.]. 7th ed. c2010.
ISBN 978-1-4511-1704-2 (pbk.)
I. Shargel, Leon, 1941- II. Comprehensive pharmacy review. III. Title: Comprehensive pharmacy review for North Ameri-
can Pharmacist Licensure Examination.
[DNLM: 1. Pharmacy—Examination Questions. QV 18.2]
615'.1076—dc23
2012020144
DISCLAIMER
Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices.
However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from appli-
cation of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, complete-
ness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the
professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered
absolute and universal recommendations.
Th e authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every eff ort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in
this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of
ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and
drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and
for added warnings and precautions. Th is is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently
employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance
for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status
of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at [phone] or fax orders to
[phone]. International customers should call [phone].
Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer
service representatives are available from 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., EST.
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Preface
Th is eighth edition of Comprehensive Pharmacy Review re- to the study of pharmacy—chemistry, pharmaceutics,
fl ects the continuing evolution of pharmacy practice and pharmacology, pharmacy practice, drug therapy—is or-
educational requirements. Th e main objective of the book is ganized to parallel the pharmacy curriculum and pre-
to provide a comprehensive study guide for pharmacy stu- sented in outline form for easy use. The Comprehensive
dents and other candidates who are preparing for the North Pharmacy Review may be used as a quick review (or pre-
American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX). view) of essential topics by a diverse group of readers,
Th is volume represents the contributions of more than 50 including
specialists who provide wide expertise in pharmaceutical
• Matriculating pharmacy students. Th e organization
science, pharmacy practice, and clinical pharmacy. Th eir
and topical coverage of Comprehensive Pharmacy Review
contributions to Comprehensive Pharmacy Review assure
are such that many pharmacy students will want to pur-
that this review guide is accurate and current as well as
chase it in their fi rst professional year and use it through-
written in a comprehensible manner for students, teachers,
out their pharmacy education to prepare for course
and practitioners alike. Th is review publication, along with
examinations.
the separate booklet of simulated NAPLEX exams (Com-
• Instructors and preceptors. Comprehensive Pharmacy
prehensive Pharmacy Review Practice Exams, 8th edition),
Review also functions as an instructor’s manual and a
provides both guidance and test practice for NAPLEX
reference for teachers and tutors in pharmacy schools.
candidates.
Chapter outlines can be used to organize courses and to
Th e current pharmaceutical education provides
plan specifi c lectures.
g reater career opportunities for pharmacists than ever be-
• Professional pharmacists. Comprehensive Pharmacy Re-
fore. Pharmaceutical education, including pharmaceutical
view off ers practitioners a convenient handbook of phar-
science and practice, must prepare pharmacy practitioners
macy facts. It can be used as a course refresher and as a
for the future. Among the many career choices for phar-
source of recent information on pharmacy practice. Th e
macists include work in academic pharmacy, community
appendices include prescription dispensing informa-
pharmacy, long-term care, and consulting pharmacy, in-
tion, common prescription drugs, and general pharmacy
cluding hospice and home care, pharmaceutical and health
references.
care distributors, pharmaceutical industry, professional
• Foreign pharmacy graduates. Comprehensive Phar-
trade organizations, uniformed (public health) services,
macy Review provides a source of current informa-
federal and state governments, hospital and institutional
tion on pharmaceutical science, pharmacy practice,
practice settings, managed care pharmacy, and other set-
and clinical pharmacy for foreign pharmacy gradu-
tings. Moreover, pharmacists are actively involved in health
ates who may be candidates for the Foreign Pharmacy
care. Examples include counseling and medication therapy,
Graduate Equivalency Examination (FPGEE). The ap-
disease state management, and screening programs such as
pendices include prescription dispensing information,
diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol along with the
common prescription drugs, and general pharmacy
more traditional role of dispensing medication and educat-
references.
ing patients. Many students enroll in pharmaceutical edu-
cation programs that are combined with a business (MBA),
research (PhD), or law (JD) degree to provide opportuni-
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS EDITION
ties in various pharmacy-related professions and other
challenging fi elds. Th e continuing evolution of pharmacy practice is refl ected
Comprehensive Pharmacy Review is principally writ- by the licensure examinations developed by the National
ten for NAPLEX candidates. However, the book is also Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) to assess the
intended for a broader audience of pharmacy undergrad- competence of pharmacy candidates. For this reason, we
uates and health professionals who seek detailed summa- have requested and have been given permission by NABP
ries of pharmacy subjects. A wide range of topics central to reproduce the competency statements for the NABP
v
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vi Preface
examination (NAPLEX) in the front matter of this edition ORGANIZATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
of Comprehensive Pharmacy Review. AND CHAPTER STRUCTURE
Because of the signifi cant advances in drug therapy
since the publication of the last edition, this edition has Th e organization of the eight edition refl ects the current un-
been revised to refl ect the current educational and com- dergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Pharmaceutical Sciences
petency requirements for a successful career in pharmacy. (Chapters 1–18), contains subject matter pertaining to the
Many of the chapters have been revised to represent the basic science of pharmacy. Pharmacy Practice (Chapters
latest u nderstanding of disease and therapeutic manage- 19–64), contains subject matter for the practice of pharmacy
ment. New chapters, such as Pain Management Including with emphasis on pharmaceutical care. Each chapter of the
Migraines, Hepatic Disorders, Pediatrics, Geriatrics, book contains topic outlines and practice questions accord-
W omen’s Health have been added to refl ect the needs of ing to the pharmacy school curriculum.
special populations. Th e addition of the chapter, Biosta- At the front matter of this book, you’ll fi nd guidelines
tistics and Medical Literature Evaluation provides a basis for taking a test and an introduction to the NAPLEX exam,
for the e valuation of new therapeutic moieties that will be including the actual NAPLEX blueprint. Th e appendices of
marketed in the future. this book are compilations of handy reference tables.
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Contributors
S. Thomas Abraham, PhD Lawrence H. Block, PhD, RPh
Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology Professor of Pharmaceutics
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Mylan School of Pharmacy
Buies Creek, North Carolina Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Michael L. Adams, PharmD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicinal Chemistry James A. Boyd, PharmD, MBA
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Associate Professor and Director
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Joint PharmD/MBA Program
Buies Creek, North Carolina Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Buies Creek, North Carolina
Loyd V. Allen Jr., PhD
Professor Emeritus K. Paige D. Brown, PharmD
College of Pharmacy Assistant Director of Experiential Education
University of Oklahoma Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Editor-In-Chief Buies Creek, North Carolina
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding
Edmond, Oklahoma Todd A. Brown, MHP, RPh
Clinical Instructor and Vice Chair
Teresa M. Bailey, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP Department of Pharmacy Practice
Department of Pharmacy Practice Bouve College of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy
Ferris State University College of Pharmacy Northeastern University
ProMed Family Practice Boston, Massachusetts
Portage, Michigan
Marcia L. Buck, PharmD, FCCP, FPPAG
Connie Lee Barnes, PharmD Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator, Children’s Hospital
Professor Associate Professor, Pediatrics
Director, Drug Information Center School of Medicine
Department of Pharmacy Practice Clinical Associate Professor
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences School of Nursing
Buies Creek, North Carolina University of Virginia Health System, Department of Pharmacy
Services
Caryn Domenici Belisle, RPh Charlottesville, Virginia
Pharmacy Manager, Sterile Products and Robotics Service
Department of Pharmacy Services Robert Cisneros, PhD
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Associate Professor
Boston, Massachusetts Department of Pharmacy Practice
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Brooke Bernhardt, PharmD, BCOP Buies Creek, North Carolina
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Hematology/Oncology
Texas Children’s Hospital Valerie B. Clinard, PharmD
Houston, Texas Associate Director, Drug Information
Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Buies Creek, North Carolina
vii
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viii Contributors
Dean S. Collier, PharmD, BCPS Charles Herring, PharmD, BCPS, CPP
Assistant Professor Associate Professor, Campbell University
Department of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
University of Nebraska Medical Center Clinical Pharmacist, Adult Medicine Team
Clinical Pharmacist Downtown Health Plaza of Baptist Hospitals
Department of Pharmacy Practice Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Th e Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska Manish Issar, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology
Stephen C. Dragotakes, RPh, BCNP College of Osteopathic Medicine
PET Nuclear Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences
PET Pharmaceutical Production Manager Pomona, California
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Department of Radiology Alan F. Kaul, PharmD, MS, MBA, FCCP
Massachusetts General Hospital President
Boston, Massachusetts Medical Outcomes Management, Inc.
Sharon, Massachusetts
Elise Dunzo, PhD Adjunct Professor of Pharmacy
Director, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Department of Pharmacy Practice
Applied Biopharmaceutics, LLC University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy
Raleigh, North Carolina Kingston, Rhode Island
Adjunct Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Alice C. Engelbrecht, PharmD Department of Pharmacy Practice
Clinical Coordinator for Pharmacy Clinical Services School of Pharmacy
Oklahoma University Medical Center Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Boston, Massachusetts
John Fanikos, RPh, MBA Kevin P. Keating, MD
Director of Pharmacy Business Director, Cardiothoracic Surgical ICU
Department of Pharmacy Services Department of Surgery
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Hartford Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts Hartford, Connecticut
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Robert B. Greenwood, RPh, PhD Department of Surgery
Associate Dean of Academic Aff airs University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences Farmington, Connecticut
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Buies Creek, North Carolina Julie J. Kelsey, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
James B. Groce III, PharmD, CACP Women’s Health and Family Medicine
Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice Department of Pharmacy Services
Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of Virginia Health System
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—Anticoagulation D. Byron May, PharmD, BCPS
Department of Pharmacy Professor
Cone Health Department of Pharmacy Practice
Greensboro, North Carolina Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Buies Creek, North Carolina
Rebekah R. Arthur Grube, PharmD, BCPS Clinical Specialist in Adult Internal Medicine
Pharmacist Consultant Department of Pharmacy
Charlotte, North Carolina Duke University Hospital
Durham, North Carolina
Terri S. Hamrick, PhD
Associate Professor David I. Min, PharmD, MS, FCCP
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Professor
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration
Campbell University Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy
Buies Creek, North Carolina Pomona, California
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