COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY VOLUME 2 ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Frank Andrasik Volume Editor Michel Hersen Jay C. Thomas Editors-in-Chief John Wiley & Sons, Inc. COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY VOLUME 2 ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Frank Andrasik Volume Editor Michel Hersen Jay C. Thomas Editors-in-Chief John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. A Copyright 䉷 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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ISBN-13 978-0-471-47945-1 (cloth : alk. paper : set) ISBN-10 0-471-47945-4 (cloth : alk. paper : set) — ISBN-13 978-0-471-48837-8 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 1) ISBN-10 0-471-48837-2 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 1) — ISBN-13 978-0-471-48838-5 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 2) ISBN-10 0-471-48838-0 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 2) — ISBN-13 978-0-471-48839-2 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 3) ISBN-10 0-471-48839-9 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 3) 1. Psychology, Pathological—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Child psychopathology— Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Personality—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Psychology— Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Hersen, Michel. II. Thomas, Jay C., 1951– [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders—therapy. 2. Personality. 3. Psychological Theory. WM 400 C737 2006] 1951– RC456.C66 2006 618.92⬘89—dc22 2005043981 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Handbook Preface ix Preface to Volume 2 xi Contributors xiii P A R T O N E GENERAL ISSUES 1 DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION 3 James Langenbucher and Peter E. Nathan 2 RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS: LATENT VARIABLE APPROACHES TO STUDYING THE CLASSIFICATION AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS 21 Laura Campbell-Sills and Timothy A. Brown 3 BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE INFLUENCES 36 Arthur M. Nezu, Christine Maguth Nezu, and Elizabeth R. Lombardo 4 GENETIC INFLUENCES 52 Kerry L. Jang 5 SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES 67 Dorothy Chin and Velma A. Kameoka 6 BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES 85 Beverly E. Thorn and Kristine L. Lokken P A R T T W O MAJOR DISORDERS AND PROBLEMS 7 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 101 Marilyn Holmes and Michelle G. Newman 8 PANIC AND AGORAPHOBIA 121 Jasper A. J. Smits, Conall M. O’Cleirigh, and Michael W. Otto 9 SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER 138 Meredith E. Coles and Betty Horng 10 SPECIFIC PHOBIAS 154 Karen Rowa, Randi E. McCabe, and Martin M. Antony v vi Contents 11 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER 169 David S. Riggs and Edna B. Foa 12 POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 189 Richard A. Bryant 13 MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER 207 Michael E. Thase 14 DYSTHYMIA AND MINOR DEPRESSION 231 Karen B. Schmaling and Dolores V. Hernandez 15 BIPOLAR DISORDER 244 Cory F. Newman 16 SCHIZOPHRENIA 262 Kim T. Mueser, Elisa Bolton, and Susan R. McGurk 17 ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDER 278 Drew Gouvier 18 BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER 299 Timothy J. Trull, Stephanie D. Stepp, and Marika Solhan 19 OTHER PERSONALITY DISORDERS 316 Kenneth N. Levy and Lori N. Scott 20 ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 337 Marilyn J. Strada, Jennifer Karmely, and Brad Donohue 21 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 354 Brad Donohue, Alisha M. Farley, and Samantha L. French 22 GAMBLING AND IMPULSE DISORDERS 370 Alex Blaszczynski and Lia Nower 23 EATING DISORDERS 389 Eric Stice, Joanne Peart, Heather Thompson-Brenner, Erin Martinez, and Drew Westen 24 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS: HEADACHE AS A CASE IN POINT 409 Frank Andrasik 25 SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION 423 Eric W. Corty 26 SEXUAL DEVIATION 436 William D. Murphy and I. Jacqueline Page 27 MARITAL DYSFUNCTION 450 Steven R. H. Beach, Charles Kamen, and Frank Fincham Contents vii P A R T T H R E E TREATMENT APPROACHES 28 PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 469 Steven K. Huprich and Rachel A. Keaschuk 29 COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT 487 Alisa R. Singer and Keith S. Dobson 30 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS 503 Timothey C. Denko and Michael E. Thase Author Index 519 Subject Index 535 Handbook Preface Remarkably, the linkage between personality and psycho- E. Evidence in Support of and against the Theory pathology, although extensive, has not been underscored in F. Predictions for Everyday Functioning the larger tomes on these subjects. In the last decade there 1. Family Life have been many books on personality, adult psychopathology, 2. Work or School and child psychopathology, but none seems to have related 3. Retirement the three in an integrated fashion. In part, this three-volume 4. Recreation Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathol- Thus, Volume 1 sets the stage for Volumes 2 and 3 while ogy (CHOPP), with the first volume on Personality and Every- at the same time standing on its own for understanding every- day Functioning, the second on Adult Psychopathology, and day life from the personality perspective. the third on Child Psychopathology, is devoted to remedying Volume 2 (Adult Psychopathology) contains 30 chapters this gap in the literature. Another unique feature of CHOPP divided into three parts (General Issues, Major Disorders and appears in the volumes on Adult Psychopathology and Child Problems, Treatment Approaches). Volume 3 (Child Psy- Psychopathology, where impact of adult and child psycho- chopathology) contains 27 chapters divided into three parts pathology on family, work, school, and peers is highlighted, (General Issues, Major Disorders and Problems, Treatment in addition to the relation of specific psychopathology to nor- Approaches). As previously noted, a unique feature in these mal development. Given the marked importance of such im- volumes is mention of the impact of psychopathology on pact, contributors were asked to delineate the negative impact the family, work, school, and peers, often neglected in stan- of psychopathology on the individual’s daily environments. dard works. In both Volumes 2 and 3, most of the contrib- In light of the aforementioned features, we trust that utors have adhered to a relatively standard format for Part CHOPP is timely and that it will be well received in many Two. In some instances, some of the authors have opted to quarters in psychology. The work should stand as an entity combine sections. as a three-volume endeavor. However, given the structure of each volume, we believe that it is possible to break up the A. Description of the Disorder set into individual volumes for relevant courses on person- B. Epidemiology ality, normal development, adult psychopathology, and child C. Clinical Picture psychopathology. D. Etiology Volume 1 (Personality and Everyday Functioning) contains E. Course, Complications, and Prognosis 23 chapters divided into four parts (Foundations, Broad-Range F. Assessment and Diagnosis Theories and Systems, Mid-Range Theories, and Special Ap- G. Impact on the Environment plications). This volume is unique in that it encompasses both 1. Family the broad theories of personality and those theories with a 2. Work or School more limited range, known as mid-range theories. Broad- 3. Peer Interactions range theories were originally developed to explain the be- H. Treatment Implications havior of normal people in everyday situations. But it also is important to have a reference point for those individuals suf- In addition, authors in Volume 3 include the sections Per- fering from various sorts of psychopathology. Chapters in sonality Development and Psychopathology and Implications this section follow a general format where possible: for Future Personality Development. We trust that the rela- tively uniform format in Part Two of Volumes 2 and 3 will A. Statement of the Theory make for ease of reading and some interchapter comparisons B. Developmental Considerations within and across volumes. C. Biological/Physiological Relationships Many individuals have worked very hard to bring this se- D. Boundaries of the Theory ries of volumes to fruition. First, we thank our editor at John ix