Composition and Function of the Extracellular Matrix in the Human Body

365 Pages·2016·38.857 MB·English

by  Francesco Travascio

Composition and Function
of the Extracellular Matrix
in the Human Body
Edited by Francesco Travascio
Composition and Function of the Extracellular Matrix in the Human Body
Edited by Francesco Travascio
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Copyright © 2016
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First published June 20, 2016
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ISBN-10: 953-51-2416-1
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2416-0
Print
ISBN-10: 953-51-2415-3
ISBN-13: 978-953-51-2415-3

C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 The Importance of Extracellular Matrix in Skeletal
Muscle Development and Function
by Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
Chapter 2 Composition and Function of Extracellular Matrix in
Development of Skeletal Muscle
by Zishuai Wang and Zhonglin Tang
Chapter 3 Remodelling of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix:
Effect of Unloading and Reloading
by Eva-Maria Riso, Priit Kaasik and Teet Seene
Chapter 4 The Extracellular Matrix Complexome from Skeletal
Muscle
by Sandra Murphy and Kay Ohlendieck
Chapter 5 The Extracellular Matrix in the Nervous System: The
Good and the Bad Aspects
by Elena Vecino and Jessica C. F. Kwok
Chapter 6 The Mosaic of Extracellular Matrix in the Central
Nervous System as a Determinant of Glial Heterogeneity
by Cory M. Willis and Stephen J. Crocker
Chapter 7 Neuronal Plasticity in the Juvenile and Adult Brain
Regulated by the Extracellular Matrix
by Max F.K. Happel and Renato Frischknecht
Chapter 8 CCN Family: Matricellular Proteins in Cartilage and
Bone Development
by John A. Arnott, Kathleen Doane and Sonia Lobo Planey
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Biophysical Properties of the Basal Lamina: A Highly
Selective Extracellular Matrix
by Fabienna Arends and Oliver Lieleg
Chapter 10 The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Urinary
Tract: A Literature Review
by Cevdet Kaya and Bahadır Şahin
Chapter 11 Mechanisms of Collagen Network Organization in
Response to Tissue/Organ Damage
by Takaoki Saneyasu, Saeko Yoshioka and Takao Sakai
Chapter 12 Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity: A Review of
the Biology Masterpiece, Evaluation Systems, and Therapeutic
Implications
by Irene Tadeo, Tomás Álvaro, Samuel Navarro and Rosa Noguera
Chapter 13 Exploring the Extracellular Matrix to Create
Biomaterials
by Sylvain Vigier and Tamas Fülöp
Chapter 14 Extracellular Matrix Enhances Therapeutic Effects of
Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
by Yan Nie, Shuaiqiang Zhang, Na Liu and Zongjin Li
Chapter 15 New and Improved Tissue Engineering Techniques:
Production of Exogenous Material-Free Stroma by the Self-Assembly
Technique
by Ingrid Saba, Weronika Jakubowska, Stéphane Chabaud and
Stéphane Bolduc

Preface
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an ensemble of non-cellular
components present within all tissues and organs of the human
body.
The ECM provides structural support for scaffolding cellular
constituents and biochemical and biomechanical support for those
events leading to tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and
homeostasis.
Essential components of all ECMs are water, proteins and
polysaccharides. However, their composition, architecture and
bioactivity greatly vary from tissue to tissue in relation to the specific
role the ECM is required to assume.
This book overviews the role of the ECM in different tissues and
organs of the human body.

Chapter 1
The Importance of Extracellular Matrix in Skeletal
Muscle Development and Function
Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62230
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue makes up approximately 40% of the total body mass in adult
mammals. Contractile muscle fibers building skeletal muscle tissue are coated by an
extracellular matrix material (ECM), accounting for 1–10% of the muscle mass. The ECM
in skeletal muscle was initially considered as a structure, providing mechanical support
for bearing force transmission. Now it is evident that muscle cells adhere to and connect
with the ECM, also for signaling, and the ECM provides an appropriate and permissive
environment for muscle development and functioning. This chapter summarizes current
knowledge on the role of ECM components in skeletal muscle growth and regenera‐
tion, which is of great importance for potential therapeutic interventions. It also focuses
on the contribution of ECM in the motor function of skeletal muscle as well as on
mechanisms mediating muscle ECM remodeling during adaptation to physical activity.
The role of the ECM in the metabolic function of skeletal muscle tissue and the ECM
disturbances associated with insulin resistance are described. Finally, the attention is paid
on potential implications of changes in skeletal muscle ECM assembly and function in
health and disease.
Keywords: myogenesis, satellite cell niche, exercise, insulin signaling, myopathies
1. Introduction
Skeletal muscle tissue, making up approximately 40% of the total body mass in adult mam‐
mals, is composed of multinucleated contractile muscle cells, myofibers. Intramuscular
connective tissue accounts for 1–10% of the skeletal muscle mass and varies substantially between
muscles [1]. Muscle fibers are coated by an extracellular matrix material (ECM), called the
basement membrane, and composed of two layers: an internal, basal lamina, directly linked to