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NATL INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C NISI A1110U44 i"1d4D5 PUBLICATIONS imist United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 887 Composite Materials for Offshore Operations: Proceedings of the First International Workshop Houston, Texas October 26-28, 1993 Edited by Wang S.S. D.W. Fitting J he National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry inthedevelopmentoftechnology . . . neededtoimproveproductquality,tomodernizemanufacturingprocesses, to ensure product reliability . . . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." 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NIST Special Publication 887 Composite Materials for Offshore Operations: Proceedings of the First International Workshop Houston, Texas October 26-28, 1993 Edited by S.S. Wang, University of Houston D.W. Fitting, National Institute of Standards and Technology Materials Reliability Division Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328 Sponsored by Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department ofthe Interior National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department ofCommerce University of Houston Co-sponsored by Ameron, API, Amoco, Brunswick, CNEB, Conoco, DuPont, Exxon, Hercules, Shell, TCSUH, U.S. Navy August 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, Arati Prabhakar, Director National Institute of Standards U.S. Government Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent and Technology Washington: 1995 ofDocuments Special Publication 887 U.S. Government Printing Office Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Washington, DC 20402 Spec. Publ. 887 396 pages (Aug. 1995) CODEN: NSPUE2 Abstract The First International Workshop on Composite Materials for Offshore Operations was held on October 26-28, 1993, at the University of Houston, Houston, Texas. This international workshop provided a forum for attendees to review the current state ofpractice and to assess the current state ofthe art in using composite materials foroffshore petroleum exploration and production operations. It also addressed research issues which might mitigate the gaps between the current practice and the state of composite technology to allow economic and enabling utilization of composites by the petroleum industry. The issues addressed in keynote presentations and working group discussions spanned a broad spectrum of scientific and engineering concerns, including: materials systems; fabrication and construction; material performance; long-term durability and environmental effects; structural design, testing, and reliability; nondestructive evaluation and condition monitoring; flammability andfire safety; nonstructural applications; advancedapplications; regulatory concerns; and certification issues. There were over225 participants in the workshoprepresenting the petroleum industry, manufacturers, design engineers, certification organizations, and academic institutions. This proceedings of the workshop contains 35 invited lectures and papers, discussions, summaries, and recommendations of the 8 working groups, as well as critical assessments and recommendations of needed research and development on advanced composites for deep-water offshore exploration and production operations. Key Words: advanced materials, certification, composites, construction, damage tolerance, environmental degradation, fabrication, flammability, fire safety, FRP, GRP, maintenance, NDE, nondestructive testing, inspection, offshore platforms, structural design Except whereattributed toNISTorMMS authors, thecontentofindividual sectionsofthis volume has not been reviewedoredited by the National Institute ofStandards and Technology orthe Minerals Management Service. NIST and MMS therefore accept no responsibility forcommentsorrecommendationstherein. The mention oftrade names in thisvolume is in nosensean endorsement orrecommendation ofthe National Institute ofStandards and Technology or the Minerals Management Service. iii IV Contents Page Executive Summary 1 Summary and Recommendations 5 "AdvancedComposites Offshore: CurrentStatus andAProposedR andDProgram" 7 B.W. Cole,Amoco Corporation,Naperville, Illinois K.H. Lo, ShellDevelopmentCompany,Houston, Texas J.G. Williams, Conoco, Inc.,Ponca City, Oklahoma S.S. Wang,UniversityofHouston, Houston, Texas 1. Introduction 19 2. Workshop Program and International Steering Committee 23 — 3. Invited Presentations Government and Industrial 29 3.1 "U.S.MineralsManagementService'sPerspective on Compositesfor 31 Offshore Operations andSafetyManagement, H.G. Bartholomew, MineralsManagement Service,U.S. Departmentofthe Interior,Herndon,Virginia 3.2 "Approach ofNationalEnergyBoardon the Use ofComposites in the 35 PetroleumIndustry" G.R. Yungblut,NationalEnergyBoard, Calgary, Canada 3.3 "UKGovernmentalPerspective" 39 M. Bishopp,Healthand SafetyExecutive, Liverpool,UnitedKingdom 3.4 "NorwegianAuthorities'Perspectives on CompositeMaterialsfor 43 Offshore Operations" T.G. Dahle,NorwegianPetroleumDirectorate, Stavanger,Norway 3.5 "AnEngineeringDocumentation SchemeforGRPin the OilIndustry," 47 C.J. Houghton, Phillips PetroleumCompanyUnitedKingdomLtd., Surrey,UnitedKingdom V Page 3.6 "OLF'sInvolvementin the GRPIndustry," 65 J. H. Jenssen, ConocoNorway, Inc., Stavanger,Norway 4. Keynote Addresses 69 4.1 "PetroleumE&PIndustryPerspective on the Use ofComposites in 71 Offshore Operations," B.W. Cole,Amoco, Corporation,Naperville, Illinois 4.2 "PetroleumIndustryApplications ofComposites in E&P Operations," 77 J.G. Williams, Conoco, Inc., Ponca City, Oklahoma 4.3 "CompositeMaterialsforOffshore Operations, IndustryPerspective," 83 G.G. Robertson, Ameron, Inc., Pasadena, California — 4.4 "Marine Composites The U.S. NavyExperience, LessonsLearnedAlong 91 the Way," IX. Caplan,U.S. Naval SurfaceWarfare Center, Annapolis, Maryland 4.5 "AdvancedComposites: Shaping Tomorrow," 115 J.M. Bowman, DuPontAdvancedMaterials Systems,Newark, Delaware 4.6 "StudiesRelating to the Use ofFibreReinforcedComposites in the 117 OffshoreIndustry,"A.G. Gibson, Centre forCompositeMaterials Engineering, UniversityofNewcastleupon Tyne,Newcastle upon Tyne, UnitedKingdom 5. Working Group Papers 129 5.1 "MaterialsDevelopmentforCostEffectiveFabrication," 131 D. Wilson, Fibers andMaterials, BP Chemicals (Hitco), SantaAna, California 5.2 "PolymerCompositesProgram in thePolymerDivision atNIST," 139 RS. Parnas, G.B. McKenna, andD.L. Hunston, PolymerDivision, National InstituteofStandards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 5.3 "PolymerCompositeMaterialsPerformance CriteriaforOffshore 149 PetroleumProduction: An Overview," J.P. Dismukes andM.J. Luton, ExxonResearchEngineeringCompany, Annandale,NewJersey 5.4 "Characterization ofCompositeMaterials," 161 G. Hansen, Hercules Materials Company, Magna,Utah 5.5 "SomePerspectives on the Use ofCompositesfor Offshore Operations" 171 S.S. Sternstein, RensslaerPolytechnic Institute, Troy,NewYork vi J 11 Page 5.6 "MaterialPerformance: MicromechanicalModelingofCompositeFracture," 175 J.A.Nairn,Material ScienceandEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofUtah, SaltLake City,Utah 5 7 "ImpactDamage Tolerance ofFRPCompositesin OffshoreApplications," 185 . F.S. Uralil, ShellDevelopmentCompany,Houston, Texas 5.8 "TheEffectofSeawateronPolymericCompositeMaterials," 193 W.L. Bradley, P.L. Chiou, andT.S. Grant, OffshoreTechnologyResearch A&M CenterandMechanicalEngineeringDepartment, Texas University, College Station, Texas 5.9 "Influence ofSeawateron Transverse TensilePropertiesofPMC," 203 L.A. Carlsson andF. Pomies,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, FloridaAtlanticUniversity,BocaRaton, Florida 5.10 "Assessingthe GlassEpoxyInterfaceafterEnvironmentalExposure" 213 H.D. Wagner,A. Lustiger, and S. Ling,ExxonResearch andEngineering Company,Annandale,NewJersey 5.11 "Analysis-BasedDesign ToolsforOffshoreApplication," 227 S.W. Tsai, StanfordCompositesDesignCenter,DepartmentofAeronautics andAstronautics, StanfordUniversity, Stanford, California 5.12 "CompositeApplications in Offshore Operations," 233 K.H. Lo, ShellDevelopmentCompany, WesthollowResearchCenter,Houston, Texas 5.13 "FlammabilityandFireSafetyofCompositeMaterialsforOffshore 24 Operations," T. Kashiwagi andT.G. Geary,BuildingandFireResearch Laboratory,National InstituteofStandards andTechnology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 5.14 "Fire, Smoke, andToxicityResearch with CompositePipe," 253 K. Schmidt, SpecialtyPlastics,Inc.,BatonRouge,Louisiana 5.15 "Twenty YearHistoryofSuccessfulApplications ofCompositePipein 26 Sea WaterService," RH. Leaand K. Schmidt, SpecialtyPlastics, Inc., BatonRouge,Louisiana 5.16 "AdvancedCompositesforthe OffshoreIndustry: Applications and 269 Challenges," M.M. Salama, ConocoInc., PoncaCity, Oklahoma 5.17 "UsingCompositeMaterialstoProtect VulnerableEquipmentAgainst 289 JetFires," L.C. Shirvill, ShellResearchLimited, ThorntonResearchCentre, Chester,England vii Page 5.18 "A CourseofActionforIntroducingComposites into Offshore Operations " 295 F.J. Fischer, ShellDevelopment Company, Houston, Texas 5.19 "FlammabilityandFireSafetyofCompositeMaterials," 309 U. Sorathia, CarderockDivision,U.S. Naval SurfaceWarfare Center, Annapolis, Maryland 5.20 "SafetyPhilosophyforthe Use ofCompositeMaterials Offshore" 319 S.W. Ciaraldi, AmocoNorwayOil Company, Stavanger,Norway 6. Working Groups and Discussion Summary Reports 327 7. List ofWorkshop Participants 363 8. Author Index 385 viii