components :: motorola :: 56000 :: 1996 Motorola DSP Assembler Manual 1996

354 Pages·1996·1.3 MB·English

MOTOROLA DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE
MOTOROLA DSP
ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL
Motorola, Incorporated
Semiconductor Products Sector
DSP Division
6501 William Cannon Drive West
Austin, TX, 78735-8598
Specification and information herein are subject to change without notice. Motorola re-
serves the right to make changes without further notice to any products described in this
document to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, neither does
it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others. Motorola is a registered
trademark of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Employment/Affirmative Action Em-
ployer.
This manual documents the assembler as of version 6.0 of the software.
© Copyright Motorola, Inc. 1996. All rights reserved.
ASM56000, SIM56000, ASM96000, SIM96000, ASM56100, SIM56100, ASM56300,
SIM56300, ASM56800 and SIM56800 are trademarks of Motorola.
MS-DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Sun-4 and SunOS are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Macintosh and MPW are trademarks of Apple Computer.
MOTOROLA DSP ASSEMBLER 1
WRITING ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMS 2
EXPRESSIONS 3
SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT 4
MACROS AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY 5
ASSEMBLER CHARACTERS AND DIRECTIVES 6
STRUCTURED CONTROL STATEMENTS 7
ASCII CHARACTER CODES A
DIRECTIVE SUMMARY B
ASSEMBLER MESSAGES C
ASSEMBLER LISTING FILE FORMAT D
MOTOROLA DSP OBJECT FILE FORMAT (COFF) E
DEVICE-DEPENDENT INFORMATION F
HOST-DEPENDENT INFORMATION G
INDEX I
1 MOTOROLA DSP ASSEMBLER
2 WRITING ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMS
3 EXPRESSIONS
4 SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5 MACROS AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY
6 ASSEMBLER CHARACTERS AND DIRECTIVES
7 STRUCTURED CONTROL STATEMENTS
A ASCII CHARACTER CODES
B DIRECTIVE SUMMARY
C ASSEMBLER MESSAGES
D ASSEMBLER LISTING FILE FORMAT
E MOTOROLA DSP OBJECT FILE FORMAT (COFF)
F DEVICE-DEPENDENT INFORMATION
G HOST-DEPENDENT INFORMATION
INDEX
I
Preface
PREFACE
Notation
The notational conventions used in this manual are:
DIRECTIVE
All assembler mnemonics and directives are shown in bold upper case to highlight
them. However, the assembler will recognize both upper and lower case for mne-
monics and directives.
{ }
Contains a list of elements or directives, one of which must be selected. Each
choice will be separated by a vertical bar. For example, {R I L} indicates that either
R or L must be selected.
[ ]
Contains one or more optional elements. If more than one optional element is
shown, the required element separators are indicated. All elements outside of the
angle brackets (< >) must be specified as they appear. For example, the syntacti-
cal element [<number>,] requires the comma to be specified if the optional element
<number> is selected.
MOTOROLA DSP ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL i
Preface
< >
The element names are printed in lower case and contained in angle brackets.
Some common elements used to describe directives are:
<comment> A statement comment
<label> A statement label
<expr> or An assembler expression
<expression>
<number> A numeric constant
<string> A string of ASCII characters enclosed in quotes
<delimiter> A delimiter character
<option> An assembler option
<sym> or An assembler symbol
<symbol>
Supporting Publications
DSP56000 Family Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1992.
DSP96002 User’s Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1989.
DSP56100 Family Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1993.
DSP56300 Family Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1995.
DSP56800 Family Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1996.
Motorola DSP Simulator Reference Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1996.
Motorola DSP Linker/Librarian Reference Manual. Motorola, Inc. 1996.
ii DSP ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter 1
MOTOROLA DSP ASSEMBLER
1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.3 INSTALLING THE ASSEMBLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.4 RUNNING THE ASSEMBLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.5 ASSEMBLER OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.6 ASSEMBLER PROCESSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.8 ASSEMBLER SUPPORT FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING . . . . . . 1-10
Chapter 2
WRITING ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMS
2.1 INPUT FILE FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 SYMBOL NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.3 STRINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.4 SOURCE STATEMENT FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.4.1 Label Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.4.2 Operation Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.4.3 Operand Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4.4 Operation 2 Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4.5 Operand 2 Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4.6 Data Transfer Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4.7 Comment Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.5 ASSEMBLER OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Chapter 3
EXPRESSIONS
3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
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3.2 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE EXPRESSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
3.3 EXPRESSION MEMORY SPACE ATTRIBUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
3.4 INTERNAL EXPRESSION REPRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
3.5 CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
3.5.1 Numeric Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.5.2 String Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.6 OPERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
3.6.1 Unary operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.6.2 Arithmetic operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.6.3 Shift operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.6.4 Relational operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.6.5 Bitwise operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.6.6 Logical operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.7 OPERATOR PRECEDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
3.8 FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
3.8.1 Mathematical Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.8.2 Conversion Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.8.3 String Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.8.4 Macro Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.8.5 Assembler Mode Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Chapter 4
SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1
4.2 SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1
4.3 SECTIONS AND DATA HIDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
4.3.1 Sections and Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.3.2 Sections and Macros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.3.3 Nested and Fragmented Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.4 SECTIONS AND RELOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
4.5 ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
4.5.1 The ORG Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.5.2 Overlays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
4.5.3 Address Assignment Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4.5.4 Circular Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.6 EXAMPLE 1: MULTI-PROGRAMMER ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
4.6.1 Absolute Mode Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
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4.6.2 Relative Mode Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
4.7 EXAMPLE 2: OVERLAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
4.7.1 Absolute Mode Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
4.7.2 Relative Mode Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
4.8 EXAMPLE 3: BOOTSTRAP OVERLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
4.8.1 Absolute Mode Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
4.8.2 Relative Mode Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
Chapter 5
MACRO OPERATIONS AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY
5.1 MACRO OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.2 MACRO LIBRARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5.3 MACRO DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5.4 MACRO CALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.5 DUMMY ARGUMENT OPERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.5.1 Dummy argument concatenation operator - \. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.5.2 Return value operator - ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5.5.3 Return hex value operator - % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.5.4 Dummy argument string operator - ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.5.5 Macro local label override operator - ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.6 DUP, DUPA, DUPC, DUPF DIRECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5.7 CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Chapter 6
ASSEMBLER SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERS AND DIRECTIVES
6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 ASSEMBLER SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.3 ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.3.1 Assembly Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.3.2 Symbol Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.3.3 Data Definition/Storage Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.3.4 Listing Control and Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.3.5 Object File Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3.6 Macros and Conditional Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3.7 Structured Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
MOTOROLA DSP ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL v
Table of Contents
Chapter 7
STRUCTURED CONTROL STATEMENTS
7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.2 STRUCTURED CONTROL DIRECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.3 SYNTAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
7.3.1 .BREAK Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.3.2 .CONTINUE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.3.3 .FOR Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.3.4 .IF Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7.3.5 .LOOP Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
7.3.6 .REPEAT Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
7.3.7 .WHILE Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
7.4 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND EXPRESSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
7.4.1 Simple Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
7.4.1.1 Condition Code Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
7.4.1.2 Operand Comparison Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
7.4.2 Compound Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
7.5 STATEMENT FORMATTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
7.5.1 Expression Formatting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
7.5.2 .FOR/.LOOP Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
7.5.3 Assembly Listing Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
7.6 EFFECTS ON THE PROGRAMMER’S ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11
Appendix A
ASCII CHARACTER CODES
Appendix B
DIRECTIVE SUMMARY
B.1 ASSEMBLY CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.2 SYMBOL DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
B.3 DATA DEFINITION/STORAGE ALLOCATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
B.4 LISTING CONTROL AND OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
B.5 OBJECT FILE CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
B.6 MACROS AND CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
B.7 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
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