Table Of Content

ATM This brochure contains information on Fujitsu's ATM technology. In chapter one you will discover Fujitsu's vast worldwide network of sales offices and design centers and find important information regarding Fujitsu's philosophy and quality and reliability program. The following chapters give a comprehensive explanation of ATM including the actual definition, target market, product features, support, applications, overview and operation, and a summary. If you would like more information on ATM, or other Fujitsu products, simply fill out the enclosed reply card and drop it in the mail. Or, just call us. The attached list on the back page provides you with an address and telephone list of Fujitsu sales offices worldwide. Copyright © 1993 Fujitsu Limited. Tokyo, . Japan, Fujitsu Mikroelektronik GmbH and Fujitsu Microelectronics, Inc, USA. All Rights Reserved. The information contained in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However Fujitsu and its subsidiaries assume no responsibility for in accuracies. The information contained in this document does not convey any license under the copy rights, patent rights or trademarks claimed and owned by Fujitsu. Fujitsu Limited and its subsidiaries reserve the right to change products or specifications without notice. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, or transferred to any third party without the prior written consent of Fujitsu. • • • Printed in Germany. • cO ------- 2 FUJITSU -ATM Table of Fujitsu and ATM 9 Contents Worldwide R & D and design centers The European design team Fujitsu's first ATM products Fujitsu Worldwide 4 Device Descriptions 10 Self Routing Switch Network Termination Controller Adaptation Layer Controller Address Translation Controller ATM Applications 18 Local partnership, global leadership The concept of the Backplane Backbone networks · ATM to the desktop Quality and Reliability 6 What about ATM in the wide Fujitsu's Product Quality and area? Reliability Program Asynchronous Transfer Mode - ATM 7 What is ATM? The ATM Forum ATM in the Private Network 8 How ATM solves the problems in private networks Summary 21 ATM in the future Fujitsu's commitment to ATM Worldwide Addresses 22 • • • • OJ FUJITSU 3 ------- ATM Fujitsu worldwide Fujitsu. Local partnership, global leadership Fujitsu Electronic Devices Group is a major force on the global electronics scene. Along with the Computer and Tele communications divisions it forms a $29 billion company having more than 162,000 em ployees worldwide. Continuing success stems from three major factors. Customer satisfaction With a twenty years of leader ' ..,, \ ship in computers, telecom munications and electronics t • devices, Fujitsu is uniquely _..,.. .& • placed to provide total solu • \ tions, often across traditional technology boundaries. •* • • • • Partnership & synergy Helping Fujitsu respond quickly and precisely to cus tomer needs; to build on areas of strength while developing products highly tuned to customer needs. Creating new technologies Maintaining technical leader ship means investing in tech \ nologies that will drive systems far into the future. Which is why Fujitsu spends 10% of sales annually on research, de sign and development, carried out in its centers of excellence throughout the world. t Around the world, day after day, Fujitsu's time to market cycles provide customers with J the products they want, when Figure 1: Fujitsu Electronic they need them. • Devices worldwide presence o:; ------- 4 FUJITSU ATM ) • • Sales Offices _.. Manufacturing Plants *• R & D Centers • • Headquarters • cP FUJITSU 5 ------- ATM Quality you nationally. Worldwide, Fujitsu's individual initiative in quality major facilities anticipate control - the jishu check. can rely on IS09000 approval by 1995. Jishu. Spontaneous and self Quality throughout initiated excellence Quality is checked to relevant In Japanese jishu means 'spon standards at every stage of the taneous and self-initiated.' Fujitsu's worldwide reputation manufacturing process, with Thus each Fujitsu employee for quality starts with excel statistical process control applies advanced skills and lence in technology and in ensuring rigorous, objective training to find as many defect people. Monitored by experien conformity to strict controls ive products as possible, and ced quality control teams, every and norms. reject them. Jishu checks mean aspect of the company and its best-attainable quality. products follows rigorous But Fujitsu quality goes way management procedures - many beyond formal targets, by of them recognized inter- applying a unique system of Reliability. vibration, mechanical shock, environmental and endurance sealing and solderability. tests, including 100-cycle Built in lrom thermal checks and 3,000-hour • Stress testing: thermal cycling life tests. and pressure, temperature, the start humidity (PTH) bias. Open partnership • Endurance testing: life tests Customer response closes the at high/low temperatures and quality loop. For example, The Fujitsu Reliability Progam high humidity. failure analysis helps to im is your guarantee of absolute prove Fujitsu products and product dependability. Right at Screening to your spec ·manufacturing procedures the start, market research ident ifications continuously. This feedback ifies key reliability criteria from As well as the standard re is vital. After all, Fujitsu's analysis of applications and liability grade, IC products for reputation for quality depends customer needs. This is the most demanding appli on its customers. cations are screened to high the benchmark throughout the reliability specifications. Burn In quality, reliability and in product's life. in eliminates early-life failures, e'l!ery transaction, at Fujitsu, the customer comes first. Always. while high/low temperature Qualification and approvals tests ensure reliability, e.g., for Engineering tests on pre-pro automotive components. duction samples provide the vi tal qualification data. Monitoring. Confirming • Comprehensive environ product reliability mental and mechanical During volume production, characterization: lead performance standards are integrity, thermal shock, maintained through continuing I•------ OJ 6 FUJITSU ATM Asynchronous suppliers, service providers and PTTs, and other potential Virtual Circuit/ Figure 3 Transfer users. Fujitsu is a principal Virtual Path Switching member. The ATM Forum's main goal is to accelerate the Mode - ATM use of ATM by enabling interoperability between equip What is ATM? ment from different vendors. ATM is a protocol which de It has also become a major fines the transport of infor influence on the development mation in fixed-length packets of ATM standards. or 'cells'. This technique was defined by the Consultative Technical Features Committee for International ATM is a technology that Telephone & Telegraph combines the best features of VCI Virtual channel identifier (CCITT) during the mid-80s switched and packet-based VP Virtual path VPI Virtual path identifier as a basis for the broadband techniques. It is based on a 53- public networks of the next byte cell, with a 48-byte century. The first standards information field and a 5-byte appeared in the CCITT's "Blue header (see Fig. 2). The header multiple, independent con Books" issued in 1988. In 1991, contains a 'cell-identifier' nections means different data four companies (Sprint, North which associates the cell with types may be mixed on the ern Telecom, Cisco Systems a particular connection. This same physical link. The short, and Adaptive) established the structure is the key to ATM's fixed cell length minimizes the "ATM Forum" to investigate technical benefits such as high latency in gaining access to the use of ATM within private speed operation, scalability and the communications channel. networks. This forum has now support for multiple data types. Compared to existing packet grown to over 250 members, networks, with their long, The fixed cell length, and the with representatives from all variable-length frames, this identifier information in the major sectors of the industry improves ATM's ability to header, allow switching to be including workstation vendors, transport delay-sensitive traffic performed in hardware sig LAN and WAN equipment such as voice and video. nificantly increasing the potential speed. The cell The ATM protocol is independ identifier has two ent of the physical trans ATM Cell Format Figure 2 parts; virtual path mission medium selected. This and virtual circuit. enables the most appropriate A virtual path may interface to be chosen for each ATM Header ATM Cell be regarded as equiv- connection. Future upgrades bit bit alent to a trunk line can be achieved by changing 87654321 87654321 l in a telephone net only the physical layer funct GFC VPI 1 VPI VCI 21 .... >---H5- ebay-dteesr- - 5 } work, transporting ions. VCI 3 bytes 6 ~;lbytes many simultaneous Information field VCI I PTI IcLP 4 48 bytes calls (virtual cir HEC 53 cuits). Switching can ~-----~ CLP Cell loss priority PTI Payload type indicator be performed using GFC Generic flow control VCI Virtual channel identifier one or both fields HEC Header error control VPI Virtual path identifier (see Fig. 3). This ability to support OJ FUJITSU 7 ------- ATM ATM in the native technology must offe r 'multimedia' applications. As the user a high degree of ATM is a connection-oriented Private 'future-proofing'. protocol, the task of statistics gathering and network ATM offers technical advant management is simplified. Network ages in terms of operation speed, scalability and support Finally, ATM is the first pro for various types of data. tocol intended for use in both The first commercial appli Hardware switching enables local and wide-area appli cations of ATM are expected to ATM to offer immediate cations, and is the basis for the be in private networks as a increases in network speeds. public networks of the future. solution to the performance Future upgrades can be It therefore offers the potential limitations of current network achieved by the addition of to combine today's separate ing methods. These limitations switching capacity or through data and telecommunications stem from the use of 'shared developments in silicon tech networks into one, hence media' technologies such as nology, and will be simpler to reducing complexity and costs. Ethernet, where the average implement due to ATM's bandwidth available at any 'media-independence.' The workstation is only some support it offers for delay fraction of the theoretical sensitive traffic makes ATM maximum. Due to the rapid the best solution for new, increase in workstation pro cessor power, the move to client-server networks, --------------------------------- and the growth in demand for data communications, this restriction is expected . . to cause mcreasmg problems. New appli cations, especially those involving video/imaging data, will only worsen the situation. One approach to network 'bottlenecks' has been to segment the network into ever smaller sect ions by use of bridges and/or routers. However, this makes network management, already a problem with shared media due to the difficulties in locating faults or congestion, more difficult. In addition to addressing these issues, any alter- ATM Fujitsu and ATM versus FDDI Cost Projection Figure 4 ATM ATM to the desktop becomes wide spread In recognition of the import ~ Cost tance of local technical exper tise, Fujitsu has established $ 15,000 ... ... R&D centers in both Europe ATM ... and the U.S. The design ... ' activities at these centers focus - ' ' ·- on application areas of specific ' $ 6,000 local importance. The main $ 1,000 .. .\. \ .....__ -··- focus in the U.S is therefore on ' FDDI RISC processors and Ethernet <Qi)i ' ··-. (.) products, to reflect the strength Cf) ' Ol ' of U.S workstation and LAN _0J ' ... ... - vendors. In Europe, the tele $ 300 '~ - communications market is the focal point, with the develop ment of several products for 1992 1994 199fi Year narrowband ISDN. Fujitsu's European design team, with other technologies. These devices represent only based in Manchester, UK, is a Despite its many technical the first step of Fujitsu's long balanced combination of IC advantages, cost will play a term ATM commitment. design experts, and commun major part in the speed of ATM Fujitsu will continue to use its ications systems specialists. This acceptance. One possible model worldwide resources to balance is vital to the successful for the trend in ATM pricing is develop further leading-edge implementation of complex shown in Fig. 4. ATM ICs which will address communications functions in new functions and applications silicon. The ATM program Fujitsu's first four products as standards and the ATM arose from this design center's correspond to key elements of market develop. narrowband ISDN activities. the ATM protocol; a self However, the importance of routing switch element (SRE), ATM in the LAN/WAN an adaptation layer controller market was recognized at an (ALC), a cell header processor early stage, and this has had a (ATC) and a network term major influence on the design inator (NTC). Their develop goals. ment has involved significant liaison with several leading sys The main objective of the tems suppliers. They provide a program was to map the major comprehensive set of functions ATM functions, defined by to enable the design of a wide existing standards, into silicon. range of ATM equipment for The ICs must also enable both local and wide area net equipment vendors to offer working applications. end user pricing per ATM port that would be competitive OJ FUJITSU 9 ------- ATM Device Descriptions provide re-timed, buffered out Operation puts. to simplify device intercon A block diagram of the device nection. is shown in Fig. 5. All inputs MB86680 and outputs are 8-bit parallel, Other key features of the with independent strobe sig device are: Sell-Routing nals. The SRE selects the rele • Selectable high and low vant output for an incoming priority queues Switch cell based on a routing tag • Output queued for non previously appended to the cell blocking operation header. This function can be Element {SRE) performed either by the • Multicast support Address Translation Controller • Selective cell discard based or the Adaptation Layer Overview on CLP bit and selectable Controller, depending on the The SRE is a 4x4 cell-switch queue fill level direction of data flow and the building-block, which can be • Statistics gathering for cell switch configuration. used as the basis for a variety of discards and buffe r overflows Extensive simulation has been 155Mbps ATM switch fabrics. • Routing tag processing is performed to analyze the Although various intercon programmable to enable behavior of switch fabrics nection topologies can be used, flexibility of switch archi based on the SRE for a wide the SRE is ideally suited to tecture variety of traffic types and the construction of compact loading factors. A simulation matrices due to its row and • Supplied in 176-pin plastic software package is available column expansion ports. These quad flat package from Fujitsu to allow users to analyze the performance of the SRE Block Diagram Figures switch in their specific application. Cascade Inputs Any switch topology r-----1J ------·-----·-----iljll--, can be defined, and the l input traffic can be •I modelled in terms of - :: -- parameters such as Primary{ -. Regener- burst length, peak and Inputs ; ated } Outputs average rates. The most ·T important factors are I burst length and peak I I rate. Data having a I I I Output Output Output Output I combination of high I peak rate and long I Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer I I burst length should l I -. I be 'shaped' prior to Switch ..... ..... .!.. Switch entering the switch. T i Statistics In Statistics This is a function that Out L--4-----·-----il------t1 11---J can be performed by the ALC. Primary Outputs OJ FUJITSU 10