CompliCated lives The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies The Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies is dedicated to increasing our understanding of children and childhoods throughout the world, reflecting a perspective that highlights cultural dimensions of the human experience. The books in this series are intended for students, scholars, practitioners, and those who formulate policies that affect children’s everyday lives and futures. Edited by Jill E. Korbin, Associate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences; Professor, Department of Anthropology; Director, Schubert Center for Child Studies; Co-Director, Childhood Studies Program, Case Western Reserve University Elisa (EJ) Sobo, Professor of Anthropology, San Diego State University Editorial Board Mara Buchbinder, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Meghan Halley, Assistant Scientist, Palo Alto Medical Foundation David Lancy, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology, Utah State University Heather Montgomery, Reader, Anthropology of Childhood, Open University (UK) David Rosen, Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, Fairleigh Dickinson University Rachael Stryker, Assistant Professor of Department of Human Development and Women’s Studies, California State University, East Bay Tom Weisner, Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles Founding Editor: Myra Bluebond-Langner, University College London, Institute of Child Health For a list of all the titles in the series, please see the last page of the book. Co m pli C ated li v es Girls, parents, drugs, and Juvenile Justice Vera Lopez Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, Camden, and Newark, New Jersey, and london Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lopez, Vera, 1971– author. Title: Complicated lives : girls, parents, drugs, and juvenile justice / Vera Lopez. Description: New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, [2017] | Series: The Rutgers series in childhood studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016038036| ISBN 9780813586557 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813586540 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813586564 (e-book (epub)) | ISBN 9780813586571 (e-book (web pdf)) Subjects: LCSH: Female juvenile delinquents—United States—Social conditions—Case studies. | Teenage girls—Drug use—United States—Case studies. | Children of drug abusers—Family relationships—United States— Case studies. | Abused children—United States—Case studies. | Dysfunctional families—United States—Case studies. | Juvenile justice, Administration of— United States—Case studies. Classification: LCC HV9104 .L66 2017 | DDC 364.36082/0973—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038036 A British Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2017 by Vera Lopez All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law. ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992. www.rutgersuniversitypress.org Manufactured in the United States of America in loving memory severa luz lopez 1931–1984 Joe s. lopez 1950–2009 Fidencio lopez 1923–2012 CoNteNts Introduction 1 1 Growing Up in a “Dysfunctional” Family 22 2 Mothers’ Little Helpers 42 3 Daddy’s Little Girl: Feeling Rejected, Abandoned, and Unloved 62 4 Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places 82 5 Doing Drugs: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 104 6 Parents’ Attempts to Intervene on Behalf of Drug-Using Daughters 124 7 Property of the State: Locked Up, Locked Out, and in Need of Treatment 143 8 Moving beyond the Individual toward Programmatic, Systemic, and Policy Solutions 164 Appendix A Doing Research with System-Involved Girls 189 Appendix B Study Participants 195 Acknowledgments 197 Notes 201 References 207 Index 223 vii CompliCated lives