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Complete Japanese grammar PDF

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Check out the great resources that support this book! Study anytime, OnLInE MOBILE anywhere, with the bonus 1 Go to www.mhlanguagelab.com 1 Go to the app store on your device McGraw Hill For iPhone/iPad Google Play for Android Language Lab App Enhance your study with content aligned to this book: 2 click LAUNcH WEB APP button 2 Search for “Language ⊲ FLASHcARdS for all vocabulary lists Lab” and Launch WeB APP LANGUAGE LAB download ⊲ Streaming AUdio of answers to many of the exercises in the book IT’S SO EASY - nO EMAIL OR PASSwORD REQuIRED! ⊲ REcoRd feature lets you compare yourself with native speakers 3 Select your Language ⊲ Auto-fill GLoSSARY for quick reference French FREE APP! See inside back cover for details. And even faster – just scan the QR code! Web 4 Scroll to find your program PMP complete Japanese Grammar Apple Android ©2021 McGraw Hill mhprofessional.com Check out the great resources that support this book! Study anytime, OnLInE MOBILE anywhere, with the bonus 1 Go to www.mhlanguagelab.com 1 Go to the app store on your device McGraw Hill For iPhone/iPad Google Play for Android Language Lab App Enhance your study with content aligned to this book: 2 click LAUNcH WEB APP button 2 Search for “Language ⊲ FLASHcARdS for all vocabulary lists Lab” and Launch WeB APP LANGUAGE LAB download ⊲ Streaming AUdio of answers to many of the exercises in the book IT’S SO EASY - nO EMAIL OR PASSwORD REQuIRED! ⊲ REcoRd feature lets you compare yourself with native speakers 3 Select your Language ⊲ Auto-fill GLoSSARY for quick reference French FREE APP! See inside back cover for details. And even faster – just scan the QR code! Web 4 Scroll to find your program PMP complete Japanese Grammar Apple Android ©2021 McGraw Hill mhprofessional.com PRACTICE MAK ES PERFECT® Complete Japanese Grammar Premium Second Edition Eriko Sato, PhD fm.indd 1 15-03-2021 12:49:27 Copyright © 2021 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-26-046322-4 MHID: 1-26-046322-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-046321-7, MHID: 1-26-046321-4. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/ or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Contents Introduction ix 1 Introducing Japanese sounds, word order, and writing systems 1 Basic sounds 1 Pitch 2 Basic hiragana 3 Katakana 6 Kanji 7 Basic word order and particles 9 Speech styles 12 2 Nouns 15 Proper nouns 15 Respectful titles 16 Common nouns 17 Compound nouns 18 Demonstrative pronouns 19 Personal pronouns 20 The particle の no 21 Kinship terms 22 3 Numbers 25 Bare numbers based on the Chinese system 25 The native Japanese number system 27 Class counters 27 Ordinal counters 29 Expressing time 29 Expressing months and days 30 Unit counters 32 . . . 目 me 32 iii fm.indd 3 15-03-2021 12:49:27 4 Basic verb forms 35 Dictionary form 35 Masu form 35 Nai form 35 Stem form 36 Ru verbs and u verbs 36 Irregular verbs 38 Conjugation patterns 39 Te form 41 Ta form 43 Nakatta form 43 Conjugating verbs in the plain form 44 Conjugating verbs in the polite form 44 Progressive form 45 Potential form 46 Conjugating the copular verb です desu 47 5 Verb types 49 する suru verbs 49 Existential verbs ある aru and いる iru 50 Transitive and intransitive verbs 54 Inherently potential verbs 56 Verbs with hidden become/get 57 Verbs of giving and receiving 58 6 Auxiliaries that follow verbs in the te form 63 . . . て te + あげる ageru, etc. (helpfulness) 63 . . . て te + いる iru (progressive, resulting, and habitual states) 64 . . . て te + しまう shimau (completion) 66 . . . て te + おく oku (preparation) 66 . . . て te + みる miru (trial) 67 . . . て te + いく iku and くる kuru (progress) 68 . . . て te + ある aru (resulting state) 70 . . . て te + ほしい hoshii (desire) 71 7 Particles 73 を o (direct object) 73 が ga (subject) 75 に ni (at, in, to) 78 で de (at, by, in, with) 79 へ e (toward, to) 81 から kara (from) 81 まで made (until) 82 iv Contents fm.indd 4 15-03-2021 12:49:27 の no (of, ’s) 82 と to, や ya, and か ka (listing nouns) 83 は wa (topic) 84 も mo (addition) 84 ばかり bakari (nothing but . . . ) 85 しか shika (only) 86 だけ dake (just/only) 87 でも demo (even) 88 8 Adjectives and adverbs 91 Adjective types 91 Basic adjective forms 92 Multiple subjects 96 Te forms of adjectives 97 Degree adverbs 99 Frequency adverbs 99 Adverbs derived from adjectives 100 Adverb + する suru/なる naru (change) 101 Adverbs made from onomatopoeia and mimetic words 101 Comparing two items 102 Equivalent-degree comparison 104 Comparing activities 105 Superlative comparison 106 9 Sentence types 109 Statements 109 Questions 109 Sentences with indefinite pronouns 111 Enriching statements 115 Suggestions, requests, and commands 128 10 Complex words and phrases 135 . . . すぎる sugiru, etc. (verbal compound) 135 . . . やすい yasui / . . . にくい nikui (toughness) 136 . . . たい tai (to want to do . . . ) 137 . . . がる garu (to show the signs of . . . ) 138 Noun + らしい rashii (typical) 139 Noun + のような no yoˉ na (simile) 140 Noun + みたいな mitai na (simile) 142 Stem form + そうな soˉ na (appearance) 142 Volitional form + と思う to omou (intention) 144 Volitional form + とする to suru (attempt) 145 . . . ように + する /なる yoˉ ni suru/naru (change) 146 Contents v fm.indd 5 15-03-2021 12:49:27 . . . ことに + する /なる koto ni + suru/naru (decision) 148 . . . ことができる koto ga dekiru (potential) 148 . . . ことがある koto ga aru (experience) 149 11 Clauses 151 . . . と to and . . . か ka (verb complement clause) 151 . . . 前に mae ni (adverbial clause before . . . ) and . . . 後に ato ni (adverbial clause after . . . ) 153 . . . 間に aida ni (adverbial clause during/while . . . ) 154 . . . うちに uchi ni (adverbial clause during/while/before . . . ) 154 . . . ときに toki ni (adverbial clause at the time when . . . ) 155 . . . ながら nagara (adverbial clause simultaneously) 157 . . . から kara and . . . ので node (adverbial clause because . . . ) 158 . . . が ga and . . . のに noni (adverbial clause although . . . ) 159 Noun modifier clauses (which/that . . . ) 162 12 Conjunctions 165 Listing nouns with と to (exhaustive), や ya (partial), か ka (disjunctive), and も mo (addition) 165 Listing verbs with te forms 166 Listing adjectives with te forms 168 Listing verbs and adjectives as examples using the tari form 169 Listing verbs and adjectives emphatically using し shi 170 Sentence conjunctions 171 13 Conditionals 177 . . . たら tara (whenever, when, if) 177 . . . ば ba (whenever, when, if) 180 . . . と to (whenever, when) 183 . . . なら nara (if it is the case that . . . . ) 186 . . . ても te mo (even if/though, no matter . . . ) 191 Permission and prohibition 192 Obligation and discretion 194 14 Passives and causatives 197 Passive verbs 197 Direct passive 198 Indirect passive 199 Causative verbs 201 Make-causative and let-causative 202 Causative with auxiliary verbs of giving and receiving 204 Causative passive 205 vi Contents fm.indd 6 15-03-2021 12:49:27 15 Honorifics 209 Special honorific verbs 209 . . . られる (r)areru (respectful form of verbs) 211 お + stem + になる o . . . ni naru (respectful) 212 お + stem + する o . . . suru (humble) 213 Asking for permission very politely 215 Making a request very politely 216 Using お o and ご go before a noun 217 Family terms 219 Honorific forms for adjectives 219 Honorific/polite question words 219 16 Review Exercises 221 Appendix A: Basic verb forms 251 Appendix B: Basic sentence predicate forms 253 Japanese–English glossary 255 English–Japanese glossary 263 Answer key 271 Contents vii fm.indd 7 15-03-2021 12:49:27

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