Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Older Adults: Holistic Approaches to Healthy Aging

344 Pages·2006·0.84 MB·English

by  Elizabeth R. Mackenzie

Complementary and
Alternative Medicine
for Older Adults
A Guide to Holistic Approaches
to Healthy Aging
Edited by
Elizabeth R. Mackenzie, PhD
Birgit Rakel, MD
About the Editors
ELIZABETHR. MACKENZIE, PHD,has been a researcher and educator in the
field of complementary and alternative medicine for two decades. Dr.
Mackenzie completed her doctoral dissertation on health belief systems
and community-based healthcare at the University of Pennsylvania in
1994, whereupon she joined the Institute on Aging at the University of
Pennsylvania Health System and conducted research on cultural issues in
health and healthcare. As a Research Assistant Professor in the division
of geriatric medicine, she was the principal investigator of a study on ag-
ing, mental health, and prayer. Dr. Mackenzie currently teaches courses
on humanistic medicine in the School of Arts and Sciences at the
University of Pennsylvania, where she is a Senior Fellow in the Writing
Center, a Lecturer in the History and Sociology of Science department,
and an Associate Fellow of the Institute on Aging. Dr. Mackenzie is the
author of Healing the Social Body: A Holistic Approach to Public Health
Policy,numerous journal articles, and several book chapters. In addition
to her academic work, Dr. Mackenzie is a long-time student of yoga,
qigong, and body psychotherapy.
BIRGIT RAKEL, MD, earned her medical degree from the Freie University
of West Berlin, Germany in 1988. Dr. Rakel completed her internship be-
fore moving to England, where she received her General Practitioner (GP)
training. She worked as a GP in London, where she also completed a fel-
lowship at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital. Dr. Rakel relo-
cated to the U.S. in 1996, where she completed a residency and became
board certified in Family Medicine. Since 2001, Dr. Rakel has been on the
faculty of the Jefferson Myrna Brind Center for Integrative Medicine at
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia PA, one of the first
academic medicine centers in North America that integrates CAM into
patient care, teaching, and research. Dr. Rakel was recently awarded a
Bravewell Fellowship, an appointment that allows her to further her
training at the University of Arizona’s Program in Integrative Medicine
under the direction of Andrew Weil, MD. She presents nationally on top-
ics related to aging and integrative medicine.
Complementary and Alternative
Medicine for Older Adults
A Guide to Holistic Approaches
to Healthy Aging
Copyright © 2006 by Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of
Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Acquisitions Editor: Helvi Gold
Production Editor: Jeanne Libby
Cover design by Joanne Honigman
Typeset by Daily Information Processing, Churchville, PA
06 07 08 09 10 / 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Complementary and alternative medicine for older adults : a guide
to holistic approaches to healthy aging / [edited by] Elizabeth
Mackenzie, Birgit Rakel.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8261-3805-5
1. Alternative medicine. 2. Holistic medicine. 3. Older people—
Diseases—Alternative treatment. I. Mackenzie, Elizabeth R.,
1961– . II. Rakel, Birgit.
[DNLM: 1. Complementary Therapies—methods—Aged.
2. Health Promotion—methods—Aged. 3. Holistic Health—Aged.
WB 890 C73667 2006]
R733.C65284 2006
613'.0438—dc22
2005031316
Printed in the United States of America by Bang Printing.
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface by Elizabeth R. Mackenzie and Birgit Rakel xi
Acknowledgments xv
Forewordby Marc Micozzi, MD, PhD xvii
Chapter 1 Holistic Approaches to Healthy Aging 1
Elizabeth R. Mackenzie and Birgit Rakel
Chapter 2 Healthy and Therapeutic Diets That Promote 11
Optimal Aging
Joel S. Edman
Chapter 3 Supplements and Herbs 31
Ara DerMarderosian and Michael Briggs
Chapter 4 Homeopathy as an Aid to Healthy Aging 79
Joyce Frye
Chapter 5 Music, Health, and Well-Being 97
Elaine Abbott and Kathleen Avins
Chapter 6 Art Therapy 111
Caroline Peterson
Chapter 7 Massage Therapy and Older Adults 135
Eileen Kennedy and Cheryl Chapman
Chapter 8 Daoist Spirituality and Philosophy: Implications 149
for Holistic Health, Aging, and Longevity
Amy L. Ai
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Medical Acupuncture 161
James K. Rotchford
Chapter 10 The Benefits of Qigong 175
Kevin Chen, Elizabeth R. Mackenzie,
and Master FaXiang Hou
Chapter 11 Yoga: An Introduction 199
Robert Butera
Chapter 12 Ayurveda: Mother of Traditional Medicine 215
Mari Clements
Chapter 13 Meditation and Healthy Aging 233
Elaine J. Yuen and Michael J. Baime
Chapter 14 The Concept of Spiritual Well-Being and the Care 271
of Older Adults
Amy L. Ai and Elizabeth R. Mackenzie
Chapter 15 Therapeutic Gardens 289
Jack Carman
Chapter 16 The Eden Alternative: Nurturing the Human 299
Spirit in Long-Term Care
Sandy Ransom
Index 311
Contributors
Elaine Abbott, MMT, MT-BC,is a board-certified music therapist, with
over 7 years of experience working with the elderly in continuing care
retirement communities and skilled nursing facilities. She has a master’s
degree in music therapy and is currently working on her PhD in music
therapy at Temple University.
Amy L. Ai, PhD,is an associate professor of social work at the University
of Washington in Seattle and serves as a principal or co-investigator for
several large NIH-funded studies pertaining to spirituality and health,
and integrative medicine. Dr. Ai is a fellow of the National Institute on
Aging and a John A. Hartford Faculty Scholar.
Kathleen Avins, MMT, MT-BC,is pursuing her PhD in music therapy at
Temple University, where she also teaches. A board-certified music ther-
apist who has more than 12 years of clinical experience with a variety of
populations; she is currently working with the Hospice of New Jersey.
Michael J. Baime, MD,is the founder and director of the Penn Program
for Stress Management and is clinical assistant professor at the University
of Pennsylvania Health System. He is an expert in the efficacy of mind-
fulness meditation–based stress management and is nationally recognized
for his adaptations of mindfulness meditation techniques for use in
widely varied settings, including schools, hospitals, businesses, and gov-
ernment. Dr. Baime is the University of Pennsylvania site director and co-
principle investigator of the parent grant. Dr. Baime began the practice of
meditation in 1969 and is currently a senior meditation teacher in the
Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.
Michael Briggs, PharmD, is an expert in phytomedicine in private prac-
tice and a freelance medical writer.
vii
viii Contributors
Robert Butera, MDiv, PhD, is the director of the YogaLife Institute in
Devon, Pennsylvania. Dr. Butera is the publisher of a local holistic maga-
zine, Yoga Living,and runs numerous educational and training programs
in the Philadelphia area. He studied classical yoga with Dr. Jayadeva and
Hansaji Yogendra at the Yoga Institute in Bombay, India, and is author
of Classical Yoga Study Guide.
Jack Carman, ASLA,is a landscape architect and the president of Design
for Generations LLC, a company devoted to therapeutic gardening. He
has over 18 years’ experience in the analysis, planning, design, and man-
agement of therapeutic outdoor environments for senior communities,
health care facilities, schools, and places of worship.
Cheryl Chapman, RN, HNC, NCTMB,is a massage therapist in private
practice in New Jersey who specializes in geriatric massage. Ms. Chapman
is a continuing education provider for the National Certification Board
for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCTMB) and has been nation-
ally certified since 1992. She is a board member of the American Massage
Therapy Association and past president of the New Jersey chapter of
the AMTA.
Kevin Chen, PhD, MPH, is an associate professor of psychiatry in the
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at UMDNJ, with a doctorate de-
gree in social psychology and statistics and a master’s degree in public
health. His major research interests include research methodology, epi-
demiology of substance use/abuse, sociology of mental health, and med-
ical applications of qigong and mind–body interaction. His current
research includes the study of qigong therapy for addiction, arthritis, can-
cer, and other health conditions.
Mari Clements, MS, DAy,is an Ayurvedic practitioner in private practice
at the Media Wellness Center in Media, Pennsylvania. Ms. Clements is a
board-certified diabetes educator, a certified Jin Shin Do acupressure
therapist, and an experienced wellness counselor. She has served as a
holistic counselor and therapist to students at Swarthmore College and
the University of Pennsylvania.
Ara DerMarderosian, PhD,is a professor of pharmacognosy and medic-
inal chemistry at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. For over
3 decades, Dr. DerMarderosian has taught and conducted research in
pharmacology and phytochemistry, and serves as the science adviser to
the Philadelphia District FDA Laboratories. He has over 100 publications
in journals and books.
Contributors ix
Joel S. Edman, DSc, FACN, CNS,is a clinical assistant professor and clin-
ical nutritionist at the Myrna Brind Center for Integrative Medicine at
Thomas Jefferson University. Dr. Edman is a nutritional counselor, edu-
cator, and researcher. He has 15 years of experience as a nutritionist in an
integrated medicine setting.
Joyce Frye, DO, FACOG, MBA, is an NIH-NCCAM research fellow in
the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia and the president of the
American Institute of Homeopathy. Dr. Frye has been a homeopath in
private practice for many years. Her current research agenda focuses on
homeopathy and reproductive health.
Master FaXiang Hou, is the founding director of the Qigong Research
Society in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, where he holds private consultations
and teaches a hereditary form of qigong passed down to him through his
familial lineage (Ching Loong San Dian Xue Mi Gong Fa). Master Hou
was designated a certified master by the International Qigong Science
Association. He is the author of Qigong for Health and Well-Being and
Unleashing the Power of Food.
Eileen Kennedy, MA, NCTMB, APP, CIMI,is a nationally certified mas-
sage therapist. She has additional certification in geriatric, cancer, and
mastectomy massage. Ms. Kennedy has published in numerous profes-
sional massage journals and shares a private practice with Cheryl
Chapman in New Jersey.
Marc Micozzi, MD, PhD, is a leader in the field of integrative medicine.
He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Complementary and
Alternative Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice and Policy. He is
also the editor of the first U.S. textbook on complementary and alternative
medicine, Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. In
2002, he became the founding director of the Policy Institute for
Integrative Medicine in Philadelphia and Washington, DC, working to
educate policymakers, the health professions, and the general public
about integrative medicine.
Caroline Peterson, MA, ATR,is a registered art therapist and mindfulness
meditation–based stress reduction teacher with the Myrna Brind Center of
Integrative Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. Ms.
Peterson coordinates clinical research there in mindfulness-based art ther-
apy and is also on the staff of the Wellness Community of Philadelphia,
where she leads Open Studio groups for persons with cancer.
x Contributors
Sandy Ransom, RN, MSHP,is the director of the Texas Long Term Care
Institute in the College of Health Professions of Southwest Texas State
University in San Marcos, Texas. Ms. Ransom has published widely and
has presented nationally on innovations in nursing home care. She pre-
sented testimony to the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging regard-
ing Eden Alternative outcomes and has traveled as far as Australia to
teach providers about the Eden Alternative.
James K. Rotchford, MD, MPH, is a physician in private practice in
Washington State and the founding president of the Washington chapter
of the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture. Dr. Rotchford is a
fellow of the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, a fellow of the
American College of Preventive Medicine, and is board certified in pub-
lic health and general preventive medicine. He has numerous publications
in peer-reviewed journals and edits Acubriefs, a newsletter devoted to
medical acupuncture.
Elaine J. Yuen, PhD, is a research assistant professor of family medicine
in the Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care at
Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. Dr. Yuen is a meditation
teacher in the Shambhala and Tibetan Buddhist traditions, as well as an
interfaith hospital chaplain. She is currently pursuing research in the field
of spirituality and health.