Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Diabetes

220 Pages·2013·31.94 MB·English

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Complementary and Alternative
Medicine for Diabetes
Guest Editors: Wen-Chin Yang, Srinivas Nammi, Per Bendix Jeppesen,
and William C. S. Cho
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
for Diabetes
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
for Diabetes
Guest Editors: Wen-Chin Yang, Srinivas Nammi,
Per Bendix Jeppesen, and William C. S. Cho
Copyright©2013HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticles
distributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninany
medium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
MahmoodA.Abdulla,Malaysia Jen-HweyChiu,Taiwan JingHu,China
JonAdams,Australia S.-H.Cho,RepublicofKorea GanSiewHua,Malaysia
ZurainiAhmad,Malaysia JaeYoulCho,Korea Sheng-TengHuang,Taiwan
UlyssesP.Albuquerque,Brazil WilliamC.S.Cho,HongKong BennyTanKwongHuat,Singapore
GianniAllais,Italy CheeYanChoo,Malaysia RomanHuber,Germany
TerjeAlraek,Norway RyowonChoue,RepublicofKorea AngeloAntonioIzzo,Italy
SoulimanAmrani,Morocco Shuang-EnChuang,Taiwan SureshJadhav,India
AkshayAnand,India Joo-HoChung,RepublicofKorea K.Jarukamjorn,Thailand
ShrikantAnant,USA EdwinL.Cooper,USA ZhengL.Jiang,China
ManuelArroyo-Morales,Spain GregoryD.Cramer,USA YongJiang,China
SyedM.B.Asdaq,SaudiArabia MengCui,China StefanieJoos,Germany
SeddighehAsgary,Iran RobertoK.N.Cuman,Brazil SirajudeenK.N.S.,Malaysia
HyunsuBae,RepublicofKorea VincenzoDeFeo,Italy Z.Kain,USA
LijunBai,China R.DelaPuertaVa´zquez,Spain OsamuKanauchi,Japan
SandipK.Bandyopadhyay,India MartinDescarreaux,USA WenyiKang,China
SarangBani,India AlexandraDeters,Germany DaeGillKang,RepublicofKorea
VassyaBankova,Bulgaria SivaDurairajan,HongKong Shao-HsuanKao,Taiwan
WinfriedBanzer,Germany MohamedEddouks,Morocco KrishnaKaphle,Nepal
VernonA.Barnes,USA ThomasEfferth,Germany KenjiKawakita,Japan
SamraBashir,Pakistan TobiasEsch,Germany YounChulKim,RepublicofKorea
JairoKenuppBastos,Brazil SaeedEsmaeili-Mahani,Iran JongYeolKim,RepublicofKorea
SujitBasu,USA NianpingFeng,China Cheorl-HoKim,RepublicofKorea
DavidBaxter,NewZealand YibinFeng,HongKong YoshiyukiKimura,Japan
Andre-MichaelBeer,Germany J.Fernandez-Carnero,Spain JoshuaK.Ko,China
AlvinJ.Beitz,USA JulianoFerreira,Brazil ToshiakiKogure,Japan
YongC.Boo,RepublicofKorea FabioFirenzuoli,Italy JianKong,USA
FrancescaBorrelli,Italy PeterFisher,UK N.Krishnadas,India
GloriaBrusotti,Italy W.F.Fong,HongKong YiuWaKwan,HongKong
IshfaqA.Bukhari,Pakistan JoelJ.Gagnier,Canada KuangChiLai,Taiwan
ArndtBu¨ssing,Germany Jian-LiGao,China ChingLan,Taiwan
RainerW.Bussmann,USA GabinoGarrido,Chile AlfredLa¨ngler,Germany
RaffaeleCapasso,Italy M.N.Ghayur,Pakistan LixingLao,HongKong
OpherCaspi,Israel AnwarulH.Gilani,Pakistan ClaraBik-SanLau,HongKong
HanChae,Korea MichaelGoldstein,USA MyeongSooLee,UK
Shun-WanChan,HongKong MahabirP.Gupta,Panama J.-H.Lee,RepublicofKorea
Il-MooChang,RepublicofKorea MitchellHaas,USA TatleangLee,Singapore
RajnishChaturvedi,India SveinHaavik,Norway ChristianLehmann,Canada
ChunTaoChe,USA AbidHamid,India MarcoLeonti,Italy
Tzeng-JiChen,Taiwan N.Hanazaki,Brazil KwokNamLeung,HongKong
KevinChen,USA KBHarikumar,India LawrenceLeung,Canada
Jian-GuoChen,China CoryS.Harris,Canada Ping-ChungLeung,HongKong
HubiaoChen,HongKong ThierryHennebelle,France ManLi,China
YunfeiChen,China Seung-HeonHong,Korea PingLi,China
Juei-TangCheng,Taiwan MarkusHorneber,Germany Xiu-MinLi,USA
EvanPaulCherniack,USA Ching-LiangHsieh,Taiwan ShaoLi,China
ChunGuangLi,Australia RichardPietras,USA EvelinTiralongo,Australia
MinLi,China WarisQidwai,Pakistan S.C.Tjen-A-Looi,USA
YongHongLiao,China XianqinQu,Australia MichaThlTomczyk,Poland
SabinaLim,Korea CassandraL.Quave,USA YaoTong,HongKong
WenChuanLin,China RojaRahimi,Iran K.V.Trinh,Canada
Bi-FongLin,Taiwan KhalidRahman,UK K.Wah-KeungTsim,HongKong
ChristopherG.Lis,USA CheppailRamachandran,USA VolkanTugcu,Turkey
GerhardLitscher,Austria GamalRamadan,Egypt Yew-MinTzeng,Taiwan
I-MinLiu,Taiwan KeRen,USA DawnM.Upchurch,USA
KeLiu,China ManHeeRhee,RepublicofKorea M.VandeVenter,SouthAfrica
YijunLiu,USA Mee-RaRhyu,RepublicofKorea SandyvanVuuren,SouthAfrica
GaofengLiu,China Jose´LuisR´ıos,Spain AlfredoVannacci,Italy
Cun-ZhiLiu,China PaoloR.diSarsina,Italy ManiVasudevan,Malaysia
GailB.Mahady,USA B.Saad,PalestinianAuthority CarloVentura,Italy
JurajMajtan,Slovakia SumairaSahreen,Pakistan WagnerVilegas,Brazil
SubhashC.Mandal,India OmarSaid,Israel PradeepVisen,Canada
J.Marnewick,SouthAfrica LuisA.Salazar-Olivo,Mexico AristoVojdani,USA
V.S.Martino,Argentina Mohd.ZakiSalleh,Malaysia Chong-ZhiWang,USA
JamesH.McAuley,Australia A.Sandner-Kiesling,Austria Shu-MingWang,USA
KarinMeissner,USA AdairSantos,Brazil ChenchenWang,USA
AndreasMichalsen,Germany G.Schmeda-Hirschmann,Chile Y.Wang,USA
DavidMischoulon,USA AndrewScholey,Australia KenjiWatanabe,Japan
SyamMohan,Malaysia VeroniqueSeidel,UK J.Wattanathorn,Thailand
J.Molnar,Hungary SenthamilR.Selvan,USA W.Weidenhammer,Germany
Vale´rioMonteiro-Neto,Brazil TuhinadriSen,India JennyM.Wilkinson,Australia
Hyung-InMoon,RepublicofKorea HongcaiShang,China D.Williams,RepublicofKorea
AlbertMoraska,USA RonaldSherman,USA HarukiYamada,Japan
MarkMoss,UK KarenJ.Sherman,USA NobuoYamaguchi,Japan
YoshiharuMotoo,Japan KuniyoshiShimizu,Japan XiufenYang,China
FraukeMusial,Germany KanShimpo,Japan LingYang,China
MinKyunNa,RepublicofKorea Byung-CheulShin,Korea JunqingYang,China
RichardL.Nahin,USA YukihiroShoyama,Japan Yong-QingYang,China
VitalyNapadow,USA ChangGueSon,Korea EunJ.Yang,RepublicofKorea
F.R.F.Nascimento,Brazil RachidSoulimani,France KenYasukawa,Japan
S.Nayak,TrinidadAndTobago DidierStien,France MinH.Ye,China
IsabellaNeri,Italy Shan-YuSu,Taiwan M.Yoon,RepublicofKorea
T.B.Nguelefack,Cameroon MohdR.Sulaiman,Malaysia JieYu,China
MartinOffenbaecher,Germany VenilN.Sumantran,India HongQ.Zhang,HongKong
Ki-WanOh,RepublicofKorea JohnR.S.Tabuti,Uganda ZunjianZhang,China
Y.Ohta,Japan TokuTakahashi,USA HongZhang,Sweden
OlumayokunA.Olajide,UK RabihTalhouk,Lebanon BoliZhang,China
ThomasOstermann,Germany Wen-FuTang,China RuixinZhang,USA
StaceyA.Page,Canada YupingTang,China Wei-boZhang,China
Tai-LongPan,Taiwan LayKekTeh,Malaysia Jin-LanZhang,China
BhushanPatwardhan,India MayankThakur,India HaiboZhu,China
BeritS.Paulsen,Norway MenakaC.Thounaojam,India
AndreaPieroni,Italy MeiTian,China
Contents
ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicineforDiabetes,Wen-ChinYang,SrinivasNammi,PerBendix
Jeppesen,andWilliamC.S.Cho
Volume2013,ArticleID831068,3pages
ChineseMedicinalFormula(MHGWT)forRelievingDiabeticNeuropathicPain:ARandomized,
Double-Blind,Placebo-ControlledTrial,Chia-ITsai,Tsai-ChungLi,Ming-HongChang,Shih-YiLin,
I-TeLee,Cheng-HungLee,Tzu-YuanWang,andYi-ChangSu
Volume2013,ArticleID767498,11pages
ProanthocyanidinAttenuationofOxidativeStressandNF-𝜅BProtectsApolipoproteinE-DeficientMice
againstDiabeticNephropathy,AbdulrahmanL.Al-Malki,AhmedAmirRadwanSayed,
andHaddadA.ElRabey
Volume2013,ArticleID769409,8pages
HyperglycemiaInducesAlteredExpressionsofAngiogenesisAssociatedMoleculesintheTrophoblast,
Shu-ChunChangandWei-ChungVivianYang
Volume2013,ArticleID457971,11pages
TheActionofAntidiabeticPlantsoftheCanadianJamesBayCreeTraditionalPharmacopeiaonKey
EnzymesofHepaticGlucoseHomeostasis,AbirNachar,DianeVallerand,LinaMusallam,LouisLavoie,
AlaaBadawi,JohnArnason,andPierreS.Haddad
Volume2013,ArticleID189819,9pages
PrescriptionPatternofChineseHerbalProductsforDiabetesMellitusinTaiwan:APopulation-Based
Study,Chung-YuHuang,Yueh-TingTsai,Jung-NienLai,andFeng-LinHsu
Volume2013,ArticleID201329,10pages
AdjunctMethodsoftheStandardDiabeticFootUlcerationTherapy,DariuszWaniczek,
AndrzejKozowicz,MaThlgorzataMuc-Wierzgon´,TeresaKokot,Elz˙bietaS´wie¸tochowska,
andEwaNowakowska-Zajdel
Volume2013,ArticleID243568,12pages
Anti-DiabeticActivitiesofJiaotaiwanindb/dbMicebyAugmentationofAMPKProteinActivityand
UpregulationofGLUT4Expression,NaHu,LinYuan,Hui-JiaoLi,ChengHuang,Quan-MingMao,
Yong-YuZhang,MinLin,Yin-QiangSun,Xiao-YuZhong,PengTang,andXiongLu
Volume2013,ArticleID180721,9pages
CitrusjunosTanakaPeelExtractExertsAntidiabeticEffectsviaAMPKandPPAR-𝛾bothInVitroand
InVivoinMiceFedaHigh-FatDiet,SungHeeKim,HaengJeonHur,HyeJeongYang,HyunJinKim,
MinJungKim,JaeHoPark,MiJeongSung,MyungSunnyKim,DaeYoungKwon,andJin-TaekHwang
Volume2013,ArticleID921012,8pages
Thers1142345inTPMTAffectstheTherapeuticEffectofTraditionalHypoglycemicHerbsin
Prediabetes,XiLi,Feng-MeiLian,DongGuo,LanFan,JieTang,Jing-BoPeng,Hong-WenDeng,
Zhao-QianLiu,Xin-HuaXiao,Yan-RongWang,Ke-YiQu,ShengDeng,QiZhong,Yi-LingSha,YanZhu,
Yu-JingBai,Xin-YanChen,QiangZhou,Hong-HaoZhou,Xiao-LinTong,andWeiZhang
Volume2013,ArticleID327629,8pages
SupplementationofLactobacillusplantarumK68andFruit-VegetableFermentalongwithHigh
Fat-FructoseDietAttenuatesMetabolicSyndromeinRatswithInsulinResistance,Hui-YuHuang,
MallikarjunaKorivi,Chun-HanTsai,Jo-HsuanYang,andYing-ChiehTsai
Volume2013,ArticleID943020,12pages
ASmallMoleculeSwertisinfromEnicostemmalittoraleDifferentiatesNIH3T3CellsintoIslet-Like
ClustersandRestoresNormoglycemiauponTransplantationinDiabeticBalb/cMice,
NidheeshDadheech,SanketSoni,AbhaySrivastava,SuchetaDadheech,ShivikaGupta,Renjitha
Gopurappilly,RameshR.Bhonde,andSaritaGupta
Volume2013,ArticleID280392,20pages
RhinacanthusnasutusAmelioratesCytosolicandMitochondrialEnzymeLevelsin
Streptozotocin-InducedDiabeticRats,PasupuletiVisweswaraRao,K.Madhavi,M.DhananjayaNaidu,
andSiewHuaGan
Volume2013,ArticleID486047,6pages
AnAqueousExtractofRadixAstragali,Angelicasinensis,andPanaxnotoginsengIsEffectivein
PreventingDiabeticRetinopathy,DehongGao,YijuanGuo,XuejunLi,XiuminLi,ZhipengLi,MeiXue,
ZhiminOu,MingLiu,MingxingYang,SuhuanLiu,andShuyuYang
Volume2013,ArticleID578165,11pages
HerbalTherapiesforType2DiabetesMellitus:Chemistry,Biology,andPotentialApplicationof
SelectedPlantsandCompounds,CiceroL.T.Chang,YenshouLin,ArleneP.Bartolome,Yi-ChingChen,
Shao-ChihChiu,andWen-ChinYang
Volume2013,ArticleID378657,33pages
AlternantherasessilisRedEthylAcetateFractionExhibitsAntidiabeticPotentialonObeseType2
DiabeticRats,KokKeongTanandKahHwiKim
Volume2013,ArticleID845172,8pages
AntidiabeticEffectandModeofActionofCytopiloyne,CiceroLee-TianChang,Hsien-YuehLiu,
Tien-FenKuo,Yi-JouHsu,Ming-YiShen,Chien-YuanPan,andWen-ChinYang
Volume2013,ArticleID685642,13pages
FructusMumeFormulaintheTreatmentofType2DiabetesMellitus:ARandomizedControlledPilot
Trial,XiangTu,ChunGuangXie,FeiWang,QiuChen,ZhiHuangZuo,QiongZhang,XingShuanWang,
SenZhong,andJamesB.Jordan
Volume2013,ArticleID787459,8pages
ImprovementofLiquidFructose-InducedAdiposeTissueInsulinResistancebyGingerTreatmentin
RatsIsAssociatedwithSuppressionofAdiposeMacrophage-RelatedProinflammatoryCytokines,
JianweiWang,HuanqingGao,DazhiKe,GuoweiZuo,YifanYang,JohjiYamahara,andYuhaoLi
Volume2013,ArticleID590376,12pages
HindawiPublishingCorporation
Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
Volume2013,ArticleID831068,3pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831068
Editorial
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Diabetes
Wen-ChinYang,1SrinivasNammi,2PerBendixJeppesen,3andWilliamC.S.Cho4
1AgriculturalBiotechnologyResearchCenter,AcademiaSinica,Taipei11501,Taiwan
2SchoolofScienceandHealth,UniversityofWesternSydney,NSW2751,Australia
3DepartmentofEndocrinologyandMetabolism,AarhusSygehusTHG,AarhusUniversityHospital,Tage-HansensGade2,
8000AarhusC,Denmark
4DepartmentofClinicalOncology,QueenElizabethHospital,HongKong
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoWen-ChinYang;[email protected]
Received5August2013;Accepted5August2013
Copyright©2013Wen-ChinYangetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Although diabetes was identified by a Greek physician, cells. High glucose affected the expression level of cell-
AretaeusofCappadocia,about2,000yearsago,thisolddis- bound perlecan, angiogenesis-associated cytokines, and the
easeremainsincurable.Diabetesischaracterizedbyinsulin matrixdegradationonthecells,implyingthathyperglycemia
deficiency,insulinresistance,andaberrantglucose,protein, influencesvesselformationduringplacentation.A.Nacharet
andlipidmetabolism.Geneticandenvironmentalfactorsare al. (“The action of antidiabetic plants of the Canadian James
the primary causes of diabetes. It is estimated that about BayCreetraditionalpharmacopeiaonkeyenzymesofhepatic
300 million people globally are afflicted with this disease. glucosehomeostasis”)reporttheantidiabeticactionofseven
However, current oral antidiabetic agents using orthodox Canadianplantsasevidencedbyglucose-6-phosphataseand
medicinehaveunmetefficacyandundesirablesideeffectsin glycogen synthase, two key enzymes, respectively, involved
patients, leading to the development of microvascular and ingluconeogenesisandglycogenesisinhepatocytes.Among
macrovascularcomplications.Researchanddevelopmentof them,AbiesbalsamiferaandPiceaglaucadecreasedglucose-
newremediesfordiabetesare,therefore,ingreatdemand. 6-phosphatase activity. This decrease involved the Akt and
It is estimated that complementary and alternative AMPKpathways.Incontrast,LarixlaricinaandA.balsam-
medicine (CAM) is used by 80% of the world population iferaincreasedglycogensynthaseactivity.Preclinicalstudies
for primary health care. Therefore CAM, including herbal were used to study the action and mechanism of CAM
medicines, acupuncture, moxibustion, and other therapies, in rodents. Diabetes arises from a defect in 𝛽 cell func-
represents an important area of exploration for diabetes tionsandinsulinresistance.Asmallflavone-typemolecule,
therapy. In this special issue, we aimed to gather together swertisin, found in Enicostemma littorale was tested for
updatedinformationreflectingtheconsiderableprogressin its ability to promote the generation of pancreatic islets.
basic and clinical research into CAM for diabetes and its N. Dadheech et al. (“A small molecule swertisin from Eni-
complications. costemma littorale differentiates NIH3T3 cells into islet-like
The papers in this special issue cover a wide range of clusters and restores normoglycemia upon transplantation in
topics, including in vitro studies, preclinical studies, and diabetic Balb/c mice”) showed that swertisin could promote
clinical trials on CAM for diabetes and related diseases. thedifferentiationofNIH3T3cellsintopancreaticislet-like
One in vitro study by S.-C. Chang and W.-C. V. Yang cell mass, which restored hypoglycemic status to normal.
titled “Hyperglycemia induces altered expressions of angio- Another study by C. L.-T Chang et al. (“Antidiabetic effect
genesisassociatedmoleculesinthetrophoblast”describesthe and mode of action of cytopiloyne”) reported that a small
expression of perlecan and angiogenesis-related cytokines molecule,cytopiloyne,isolatedfromBidenspilosa,improved
and growth factors in trophoblasts, one type of placenta type2diabetes(T2DM)indb/dbmiceviaitsmodulationof
2 Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
𝛽-cellfunctions(insulinproductionand𝛽-cellpreservation) Gui Bu Xue Tang, a TCM composed of A. membranaceus,
involving the calcium/DAG/PKC𝛼 cascade. J. Wang and A. sinensis, and P. notoginseng, reduced diabetic retinopa-
colleagues (“Improvement of liquid fructose-induced adipose thy in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats and/or streptozotocin-
tissueinsulinresistancebygingertreatmentinratsisassociated (STZ-) induced rats. This reduction was associated with
with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflam- retinal downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and
matory cytokines”) show that treatment with ginger extract thereversalofglucose-inducedinhibitionofendothelialcell
reduced fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by sup- migration/proliferation in vitro. Another study shows that
pression of adipose inflammatory cytokines (TNF-𝛼, IL-6, treatmentwiththepolyphenoliccompoundsproanthocyani-
MPC-1,CCR-2,etc.)andincreasedphosphorylationofIRS- dinsreducednephropathyinSTZ-treatedapolipoproteinE-
2.K.K.TanandK.H.Kim.(“Alternantherasessilisredethyl deficient mice (“Proanthocyanidin attenuation of oxidative
acetatefractionexhibitsantidiabeticpotentialonobesetype2 stress and NF-𝜅B protects apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
diabetic rats”) report that, despite their inability to identify against diabetic nephropathy”). This reduction is relevant to
activecompounds,theyobservedthatethylacetatefractionof itsattenuationofoxidativestressandNF-𝜅Bactivation.
Alternanthera sessilis amelioratedT2Dviaincreasedinsulin In human clinical studies, X. Tu et al. (“Fructus mume
content and decreased insulin resistance. Aside from blood formula in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a ran-
glucose,thisfractionreducedbloodtriglycerideandfreefatty domized controlled pilot trial”) demonstrate that 12-week
acids. S. H. Kim and coworkers (“Citrus junos Tanaka peel treatment with a monofactorial formula, F. mume, reduced
extractexertsantidiabeticeffectsviaAMPKandPPAR-𝛾both bloodglucosein41patientsofT2DM.X.Liandcolleagues
invitroandinvivoinmicefedahigh-fatdiet”)indicatethat (“The rs1142345 in TPMT affects the therapeutic effect of
theethanolextract ofthe peel ofCitrus junos in vitro stim- traditionalhypoglycemicherbsinprediabetes”)concludedthat
ulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells. This extract asinglenucleotidepolymorphism(rs1142345)inthiopurine
also augmented activity of PPAR-𝛾 and AMPK in C2C12 𝑆-methyltransferasecouldaffectthetherapeuticoutcomeof
cells.Consistentwiththeinvitrodata,theextractdiminished the patients with T2DM receiving the TCM, Tianqi Jiang
insulin resistance as well as body weight and adipokines Tang. C. X. Huang et al. (“Prescription pattern of Chinese
andelevatedAMPKphosphorylationinhigh-fatdiet-(HFD- herbalproductsfordiabetesmellitusinTaiwan:apopulation-
) induced mice. N. Hu et al. (“Anti-diabetic activities of based study”) present the use and likely mechanisms of
Jiaotaiwan in db/db mice by augmentation of AMPK protein actionofmultifactorialformulaesuchasLiu-Wei-Di-Huang-
activityandupregulationofGLUT4expression”)demonstrate Wan and its derivatives. Their antidiabetic mechanisms
the antidiabetic action of a traditional Chinese medicine are multifaceted and include increase in insulin secretion,
(TCM),Jiaotaiwan,asshownbyreductionofbloodglucose insulinsensitivity,peripheralglucoseuptake,diminutionof
level and enhancement of islet protection, hepatic AMPK intestinal glucose absorption, hepatic glucose, production
activity, and expression level of glucose transporter 4 in and insulin resistance. Despite some evidence in favor of
skeletal muscle and white fat. H.-Y. Huang and colleagues their use, the data could be confounded by the placebo
(“SupplementationofLactobacillusplantarumK68andfruit- effect, suggesting that well-conducted, double-blind, ran-
vegetablefermentalongwithhighfat-fructosedietattenuates domized,placebo-controlledstudiesarerequiredforfurther
metabolicsyndromeinratswithinsulinresistance”)reportthat investigations. Further, C. I. Tsai et al. (“Chinese medicinal
amixtureoffruit/vegetablefermentandoneofitsbacteria, formula (MHGWT) for relieving diabetic neuropathic pain:
LactobacillusplantarumK68,reducedhyperglycemia,hyper- a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial”) inves-
insulinemia,andhyperlipidemiaaswellasproinflammatory tigated the therapeutic effect of a modified TCM formula,
cytokines (TNF-𝛼, IL-6, IL-1𝛽, etc.) in HFD-induced rats. Hungqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang, on neuropathic pain in 112
This reduction was associated with a decrease in insulin diabetic patients, as assessed by 15-item short-form brief
resistance. P. V. Rao and coworkers (“Rhinacanthus nasutus pain inventory and the 17-item short-form McGill pain
ameliorates cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme levels in questionnaire.ThisTCMsignificantlyimprovedneuropathic
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats”) showed that glycolytic paininthepatients.
enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, suc- Inadditiontooriginalresearcharticles,thisspecialissue
cinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and lac- also features review articles. One review entitled “Herbal
tate dehydrogenase were upregulated in diabetic mice. In therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: chemistry, biology,
contrast, the methanol extract of R. nasutus reduced those and potential application of selected plants and compounds”
enzymes,implyingthatthisextractexertsantidiabeticaction describes a variety of antidiabetic herbal products from
viareductionofmetabolicenzymes.Inaddition,twoarticles chemical, biological, pharmacological, and clinical aspects.
delineatetheimpactofherbalmedicineandcompoundson Andanotherreviewentitled“Adjunctmethodsofthestandard
diabeticcomplicationsinanimals(“Proanthocyanidinatten- diabetic foot ulceration therapy” summarizes three adjunct
uationofoxidativestressandNF-𝜅BprotectsapolipoproteinE- therapies, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, maggot therapy, and
deficientmiceagainstdiabeticnephropathy”and“Anaqueous platelet-rich plasma therapy in one of the most serious
extract of Radix Astragali, Angelica sinensis, and Panax diabeticcomplications,footulcers.Theauthorsdiscusspre-
notoginseng is effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy”). clinicalandclinicalstudiesofthosetherapiestogetherwith
OnestudybyD.Gaoandcolleagues(“Anaqueousextractof their effects and modes of action in animals and humans.
Radix Astragali, Angelica sinensis, and Panax notoginseng is BothreviewarticlesshedlightonfurtherdirectionsforCAM
effectiveinpreventingdiabeticretinopathy”)reportsthatDang indiabetesanddiabeticcomplications.