Competition and Markets: Essays in Honour of Margaret Hall PDF
Preview Competition and Markets: Essays in Honour of Margaret Hall
COMPETITION AND MARKETS Margaret Hall analyses and assesses the controversial report on Selective Employment Tax (photograph courtesy of Times Newspapers Ltd) Competition and Markets Essays in Honour of Margaret Hall Edited by Christopher Moir Economic Adviser National Economic Development Office, London and John Dawson Fraser of Allander Professor of Distributive Studies University of Stirling MACMILLAN © Christopher Moir and John Dawson 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 978-0-333-47629-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1990 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Competition and markets: essays in honour of Margaret Hall. 1. Great Britain. Industries. Competition I. Moir, Christopher II. Dawson, John III. Hall, Margaret 338.6'048'0941 ISBN 978-1-349-10512-0 ISBN 978-1-349-10510-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10510-6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 Contents Margaret Hall Frontispiece Preface vii Notes on the Contributors viii Margaret Hall - A Biographical Note Janet Vaughan X Law and Lady Hall - A Personal Reflection Eric Thomson xiii 1 Introduction 1 PART I COMPETITION 2 When Deregulation Makes Things Worse Before They Get Better Paul A. Samuelson 11 3 Incomes Policies: Past and Future Roles Mary Gregory 21 4 Women in Education Shirley Williams 33 5 The Growth of Small Firms in the UK David G. Mayes and Christopher Moir 41 6 Textile Markets and the Multi-Fibre Arrangement Aubrey Silberston 63 7 A Perspective on UK Competition Policy Roger Opie 77 PART II COMPETITION AND RETA ILING 8 Competition in the UK Grocery Trades Christopher Moir 91 9 Economies of Scale in British Food Retailing Grigor McClelland 119 10 The Gaitskell Report Revisited Garth Pratt 141 v vi Contents PART III RETAILING 11 Economic Theory, Retail Output and Capacity in British Retailing David Thorpe 153 12 Launching the CBI!FT Survey of Distributive Trades Charles Burton 207 PART IV OTHER ESSAYS 13 The Contribution of the Service Sector to the Growth of the UK Economy Walter Eltis and Andrew Murfin 221 14 The Economics of Advice Henry Phelps Brown 241 Margaret Hall: A Professional Biography and Select Bibliography 246 Index 251 Preface This volume of essays is presented to Margaret Hall by her friends and associates who have known her at Oxford University, the National Economic Development Office and the Distillers Company Ltd, during her professional career which spanned over half a century. There are refe rences throughout the book to Margaret Hall, Lady Hall and Lady MacDougall. All refer to the same person. No book of this sort could have been produced without the efforts and help of many people. As editors our thanks particularly go to Sir Donald MacDougall, without whose help and guidance this volume could not have been produced. The last point is a familiar one: namely, that the views expressed in this book are those of the contributors and not necessarily of the editors or the organisations with which the authors are associated. CHRISTOPHER MOIR JoHN DAwsoN vii Notes on the Contributors All of the authors have been associated with Margaret Hall. They include several of her Somerville College connections: Dame Janet Vaughan was Principal of the College for twenty years at the same time as Margaret taught. Shirley Williams was one of her pupils who achieved distinction in the political arena; Mary Gregory was a close colleague when she was Mary Somerville Research Fellow. A good many of the other contributors knew Margaret at Oxford. Walter Eltis was a colleague. She ran a graduate seminar on industrial economics with, among others, Aubrey Silberston. She was closely in volved with Roger Opie, a fellow of New College, while both were on the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. For several years she gave a highly successful series of lectures in Oxford on the British Economy, at one stage with Sir Henry Phelps Brown. Some of the other contributors and the Editors knew Margaret at the National Economic Development Office. Grigor McClelland was Chairman for several years of the Economic Development Committee for the Distributive Trades, which Lady Hall helped to set up in 1963, and Garth Pratt and David Thorpe were members of the Statistics Committee of the EDC, which she chaired for 22 years. David Mayes was head of Statistics at NEDO during the later years, having worked earlier with Margaret at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research. Garth Pratt of the Cooperative Union provides the link with the 1958 report by the Gaitskell Commission on the Cooperative Movement, of which Margaret was a member. John Dawson sat on the EDC from 1984 to 1987. Charles Burton was advised by Margaret on the setting-up in 1982 83 of a regular CBI/FT Distributive Trades Survey to complement the long-established CBI Industrial Trends Survey. Chri stopher Moir worked almost full-time with Lady Hall from 1977 to 1979 and then on a part-time basis until March 1987. She worked closely with Eric Thomson, while economic consultant to the Distillers Company. She met Paul Samuelson at MIT (where she was a Visiting Professor). Charles Burton is Joint Managing Director, Business Strategies Ltd and was formerly Deputy Director of Economics, CBI. viii Notes on the Contributors ix Walter Eltis is Director General of the National Economic Development Office and was formerly Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Mary Gregory is an Economics Fellow of St. Hilda's College, Oxford, and was formerly Mary Somerville Research Fellow. David G. Mayes is Head of Statistics and Industrial Economics, Economics and Statistics Division, National Economic Development Office. Grigor McClelland is a Visiting Professor, Durham University Business School. He was previously Managing Director and later Chairman, Laws Stores Ltd, 1947-77, Member of the National Economic Development Council, 1969 - 71; Chairman, Economic Development Committee for the Distributive Trades, 1980-4. Christopher Moir is an Economic Adviser, Economics and Statistics Division, National Economic Development Office. Andrew Murfin is an Economic Adviser, Bank of England. Roger Opie is a Fellow and Lecturer in Economics, New College, Oxford. Henry Phelps Brown was a Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1930-47, and Professor of Economics of Labour, University of London, 1947-68. Garth Pratt is Head of Research, the Co-operative Union Ltd. Paul A. Samuelson is a Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was Nobel Prize winner for economics, 1970. Aubrey Silberston is a Professor of Economics, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London and was formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and of Nuffield College, Oxford. Eric Thomson was until recently, head of the legal department of the Distillers Company pic. David Thorpe is Head of Research, John Lewis Partnership. Janet Vaughan was Principal of Somerville College, Oxford, 1945-67. Shirley Williams is a Honarary Fellow of Somerville College, and was Cabinet Minister 1974-8 and co-founder of the Social Democratic Party.
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