Competition and Compromise among Chinese Actors in Africa: A Bureaucratic Politics Study of Chinese Foreign Policy Actors

255 Pages·2020·2.975 MB·English

by  Niall Duggan

GOVERNING CHINA
IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Competition and
Compromise among
Chinese Actors
in Africa
A Bureaucratic
Politics Study of
Chinese Foreign
Policy Actors
Niall Duggan
Governing China in the 21st Century
Series Editors
Zhimin Chen
School of International Relations and Public Affairs
Fudan University
Shanghai, China
Yijia Jing
Institute for Global Public Policy & School of International
Relations and Public Affairs
Fudan University
Shanghai, China
Since 1978, China’s political and social systems have transformed signifi-
cantly to accommodate the world’s largest population and second largest
economy. These changes have grown more complex and challenging as
China deals with modernization, globalization, and informatization. The
unique path of sociopolitical development of China hardly fits within any
existing frame of reference. The number of scientific explorations of
China’s political and social development, as well as contributions to inter-
national literature from Chinese scholars living and researching in
Mainland China, has been growing fast. This series publishes research by
Chinese and international scholars on China’s politics, diplomacy, public
affairs, and social and economic issues for the international academic
community.
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15023
Niall Duggan
Competition and
Compromise among
Chinese Actors in
Africa
A Bureaucratic Politics Study of Chinese Foreign
Policy Actors
Niall Duggan
University College Cork
Republic of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
ISSN 2524-3586 ISSN 2524-3594 (electronic)
Governing China in the 21st Century
ISBN 978-981-13-8812-5 ISBN 978-981-13-8813-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8813-2
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020
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To Deirdre Cody, for all your love and support
A
cknowledgements
I would like to start by acknowledging the lifetime of support, love, and
encouragement given to me by my parents, Vincent Duggan and Catharine
Duggan, without whom this book would not have been possible. My
mother, Catharine Duggan, who sadly passed away during the writing of
this book, set the foundation on which this book is built. I would like to
thank my siblings—Padraig Duggan, Ronan Duggan, Fiona Duggan, and
Silke Duggan—for their patience and support. Thanks also to my former
PhD supervisors, Prof. Jörn-Carsten Gottwald and Dr. Andrew Cottey,
for their supervision, support, patience, and guidance. A special thanks to
Prof. Jörn-Carsten Gottwald for encouraging me to undertake a PhD in
the first place and for the friendship and kindness he has shown me
throughout my studies and beyond. I would like to acknowledge Prof.
Sebastian Harnisch, my external examiner, and Prof. Neil Collins, my
internal examiner, for taking the time to review my PhD and for their posi-
tive feedback, which has helped me to improve my work. Thanks also to
the University College Cork (UCC) Disability Support Service, particu-
larly Ms. Janet Thomas, for all the support they have shown me through-
out my university education. I would like to acknowledge all those who
helped me conduct my fieldwork in China and those whom I interviewed.
I would particularly like to thank Dr. Daniel Large, Prof. Ian Taylor, Prof.
Sean Breslin, Ms. Mireia Paulo Noguera, Dr. Teemu Naarajärvi, and Prof.
Li Anshan. Thanks also to Prof. Thomas Lawton and Prof. Sebastian
Bersick for their guidance and feedback over the course of this book. I
would like to acknowledge all my teachers and educators throughout my
life, particularly those at St. Brogan’s College, Bandon, and at the
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Association for Children and Adults with Learning Disabilities (ACLD)
for giving me the skills I needed to complete this work. I would particu-
larly like to thank Dr. Rosemarie O’Connell and Ms. Ann Cambers. I
would like to acknowledge the support and understanding of Jacob Dreyer
and Anushangi Weerakoon during a difficult time. I would also like to
acknowledge the reviewers of the earlier drafts of my book for their posi-
tive feedback, which has helped to improve my work. Thanks especially to
Deirdre Cody, for her support and help, without which this work would
not have been completed and to whom I owe so much. Finally, I would
like to acknowledge Nóra Duggan, the little angel who arrived into my life
while I was working on this project and gave me enough sleepless nights
to allow me to finish this book.
c
ontents
1 I ntroduction 1
1.1 Outline of Chapters 4
References 7
2 Sino-African Relations Research 9
2.1 Realist Narrative 10
2.2 Liberal Narrative 14
2.3 Social Constructivist Narrative 17
2.4 Conclusion: Gaps in Current Research 23
References 24
3 Research Structure 29
3.1 The Theoretical Approach 32
3.2 Bureaucratic Politics Model 33
3.3 Path Dependency Approach 37
3.4 The Structural Imperatives 39
3.5 Research Approach 43
References 44
ix
x CONTENTS
4 Paths Towards Chinese Foreign Policy 47
4.1 Foreign Policy: From Core Leadership to Technocratic
Leadership 48
4.2 The Effects of the Three Developments on the Chinese
Foreign-Policy Process 61
References 64
5 Chinese Foreign Policy: Formation and Implementation 69
5.1 Formation and Implementation of Chinese Foreign Policy
in the Twenty-First Century 69
5.2 Conclusion 93
References 95
6 Chinese Foreign-Policy Actors in Africa 103
6.1 Sino-African Relations: Historic Transformation 103
6.2 Sino-African Relations: The Influence of History 108
6.3 Contemporary Sino-African Relations 108
6.4 Conclusion 135
References 138
7 Hegemonic Political Discourse in the Chinese Foreign-
Policy Process 149
7.1 Identifying the Hegemonic Political Discourse 150
7.2 The Effects of the Chinese Foreign-Policy Process on Key
Actors 164
7.3 Foreign-Policy Actors’ Interpretation of the Hegemonic
Political Discourse 175
References 176
8 Hegemonic Political Discourse: China’s African Policy
2006 and China’s African Policy 2015 187
8.1 China’s African Policy 2006 188
8.2 China’s African Policy 2015 191
8.3 China’s African Policy 2006 and 2015: The Role of
Bureaucratic Actors 195