Compendium of Land Use Laws for Sustainable Development (IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Research Studies)

483 Pages·2006·3.23 MB·English

by  John R. Nolon (editor)

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IUCNACADEMYOFENVIRONMENTALLAWRESEARCHSTUDIES
Compendium of Land Use Laws for Sustainable Development
Thisbookcollectslanduselawsfromcountriesoneachcontinentthatattempttoachieve
sustainabledevelopment.Since1992,whenonehundredseventy-twonationsmetinRio
deJanerio,Brazil,andadopteda300-pageplanforsustainabledevelopment(Agenda21),
theneedforeffectivelegalreformhasbecomemoreandmoreevident.Inthelawscollected
inthisvolume,manyadoptedsince1992,thereadercanwitnesstheevolutionofnational
legalsystemsastheyrespondtothesepowerfulinfluences.Theselawsilluminatethegreat
flexibility and power of the law as a vehicle for effecting needed change. Laws contained
inthiscompendiumaremechanismscompetenttoaddressthesechallenges;theyprovide
strategiesthatareappropriatetothecultureandplaceoftheirorigin.Thisbookprovides
evidencethatlawsandlawreformarebeingusedtocreatestrategiesthataddresstheglobal
needtoeffectivelyuseandpreservelandanditsnaturalresources.
JohnR.NolonreceivedhisJDdegreefromtheUniversityofMichiganLawSchool,wherehe
wasamemberoftheBarrister’sAcademicHonorSociety.Hisundergraduatedegreeisfrom
the University of Nebraska, where he was President of the Senior Honor Society. He has
served as a consultant to President Carter’s Council on Development Choices for the
1980s, President Clinton’s Council on Sustainable Development, New York Gover-
nor George Pataki’s Transition Team, and the statewide Quality Communities Advi-
sory Board directed by Lieutenant Governor Mary Donohue. Professor Nolon has been
appointed Visiting Professor of Environmental Law at the Yale School of Forestry
and Environmental Studies and named the Director of the Joint Center of Land
Use Studies formed by Yale and Pace Law School. He served on the Editorial
Advisory Board of the National Housing and Development Reporter and is a mem-
ber of the Editorial Board of The Land Use and Environmental Law Review, published
by Thompson-West. He has worked extensively on sustainable development in South
AmericaasaFulbrightscholar.
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IUCN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW RESEARCH STUDIES
Compendium of Land Use Laws for
Sustainable Development
Edited by
JOHNR.NOLON
PaceUniversitySchoolofLaw
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cambridgeuniversitypress
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Compendiumoflanduselawsforsustainabledevelopment/editedbyJohnR.Nolon.
p. cm.–(IUCNAcademyofEnvironmentalLawresearchstudies)
Includesindex.
ISBN0-521-86217-5(hardback)
1.Landuse–Lawandlegislation. 2.Sustainabledevelopment–Lawandlegislation.
I.Nolon,JohnR. II.Title. III.Series.
K3534.A48 2006
346.04(cid:2)5–dc22 2005027086
ISBN-13 978-0-521-86217-2hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-86217-5hardback
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checktheWebsitereferredtoatthebeginningofeachsection.
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Contents
Acknowledgments pageix
Introduction xi
i. international
UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(1982) 1
AfricanConventionontheConservationofNatureandNaturalResources
(1969) 5
EuropeanLandscapeConvention(2000) 10
EuropeanLandscapeConventionExplanatoryReport(2000) 15
Agenda21–UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment
(1992) 24
RioDeclarationonEnvironmentandDevelopment–UnitedNations
ConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(1992) 49
IstanbulDeclarationonHumanSettlements–UnitedNationsConferenceon
HumanSettlements(HabitatII)(1996) 52
TheJohannesburgDeclarationonSustainableDevelopment–WorldSummit
onSustainableDevelopment(2002) 55
ii. africa
cape verde
OrderNo.86/IV/93(1993) 59
ghana
ForestsOrdinance(Cap.157)(1927) 62
south africa
ConservationofAgriculturalResourcesActNo.43(1983) 67
ConstitutionoftheRepublicofSouthAfrica(1996) 73
NationalEnvironmentalManagementAct107(1998) 76
NationalForestsAct(1998) 82
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vi CONTENTS
tanzania
TheVillageLandAct(1999) 89
iii. asia
malaysia
TownandCountryPlanningAct1976(Act172)(June2003) 97
FederalTerritory(Planning)Act1982(Act267) 111
people’s republic of china
LawofLandAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(1999) 122
LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonWaterandSoilConservation
(1991) 126
EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(1989) 131
singapore
PlanningAct(1998) 135
LandAcquisitionAct(1985) 140
iv. australia
AustralianCapitalTerritory(PlanningandLandManagement)
Act(1988) 145
Land(PlanningandEnvironment)Act(1991) 148
south australia
DevelopmentActof1993 160
DevelopmentRegulationsof1993 176
v. europe
denmark
PlanningAct(2002) 183
england
TownandCountryPlanningActof1990 190
estonia
PlanningAct(2003) 206
germany
FederalBuildingCode(1997) 211
lithuania
LawonTerritorialPlanning(1995) 223
malta
SpecialDevelopmentAreasAct(1956;andamended1983) 228
AdministrationofLandsAct(2002) 231
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CONTENTS vii
netherlands
SpatialPlanningAct(1999) 233
scotland
TownandCountryPlanning(Scotland)Act1997 237
slovakia
SlovakiaActNo.237(2000) 254
LandUsePlanningandBuildingOrderAct(1976) 261
vi. latin america
lands conquered by spain
TheLawsoftheIndies,SpanishDecreeof1573 267
argentina
ArgentineConstitution(1994) 273
GeneralEnvironmentalLaw 274
CityofBuenosAiresCityConstitution(1996) 276
brazil
ConstitutionoftheFederativeRepublicofBrazil(1988) 278
MedidaProviso´riaNo.2.220(2001) 281
FederalLawNo.10.257,“CityStatute”ofJuly10,2001 283
BrazilDecreeNo.3,179ofSeptember21,1999 289
LawNo.9605ofFebruary12,1998 292
mexico
Article27NationalConstitution(1917) 297
GeneralLawofSocialDevelopment(2004) 302
vii. north america
united states
CoastalZoneManagementAct(1972;reauthorizedandamended1990) 307
NewYorkStateLandUseEnablingAct[TownLaw§§261,262,263,272-a;
Constitutionart.IX§§1,2,3;StatuteofLocalGovernmentsart.I§2,art.II
§§10,11,12;MunicipalHomeRuleLawart.II§§10(1)(a)(11),(12),(14)] 324
NewYorkStateCoastalErosionHazardAreasAct(1981) 332
Babylon,NewYork,CoastalErosionHazardAreasOrdinance(1989) 340
NewHampshireStateLandUseEnablingAct[MasterPlan;GrantofPower;
InnovativeLandUseControls](1983–2004) 347
Dover,NewHampshire,OverridingDistrictsOrdinance(1979–2004) 353
Wisconsin’sSmartGrowthAct(1999) 359
RiverFalls,Wisconsin,TraditionalNeighborhoodDevelopmentOrdinance
(2002) 364
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viii CONTENTS
WashingtonStateGrowthManagementAct(1990) 369
ThurstonCounty,Washington,OlympiaUrbanGrowthAreaZoning
Ordinance(1996) 378
canada
CrownForestSustainabilityAct(1994) 386
Muskwa-KechikaManagementAreaAct(BritishColumbia)(1998) 397
TheManitobaSustainableDevelopmentAct(1994) 401
OceansAct(1996) 407
Ontario’sSustainableWaterandSewageSystemsAct(2002) 413
OntarioPlanningAct(1990) 417
Index 431
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Acknowledgments
As editor, I have been ably assisted in the preparation of this volume – the first of its
kind,webelieve,oncomparativelanduselaw.SusanMoritz,theresearchconsultant
for the Land Use Law Center at Pace University School of Law, provided advice and
assistanceduringthebook’sgestation,helpingparticularlywithmaterialsneededfor
theeditor’sIntroductionandwiththeproductionofthesectionsonUnitedStatesand
international laws. Sarah Samp, a Pace University School of Law student, headed an
energetic and able group of student researchers who dug deep to find land use laws
from countries on every continent; she organized their efforts and directed the early
stagesofevaluatingandabridgingthelawstheydiscovered.
ThreePaceLawSchoolstudentscarefullyreadandthenwroteabstractsofthelaws
fromAfrica,Asia,Australia,Europe,LatinAmerica,andCanada;MichelleGreenbaum,
Sergio Spaziano, and Natalie Walker spent much of the summer of 2005 working
with me to make the laws accessible and understandable. Juan Rodrigo Walsh, an
Argentine environmental lawyer and author who held office in the environmental
administration of the City of Buenos Aires, provided translations of portions of the
Argentine Constitution and General Environmental Law. Nathalie Chalifour and her
colleagues on the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa, Canada, contributed
the Canadian laws contained in the North American section. Gabriella Pavon, who
holds an LL.M. degree from Pace University School of Law, found provisions of the
MexicanConstitution,translatedthemforus,andassistedMichelleGreenbauminher
translation of the Mexican Law of Social Development. Other Pace Law School stu-
dents who contributed to this volume include Matthew Bennet, Jennifer Bria, Nicole
Feit,JodyFrampton,JasonInsdorf,JurgitaKarobkaite,NinaShapirshyeyn,andSarah
Wilson.
I acknowledge the contribution of my colleague at Pace Law School Nicholas
Robinson, chair of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN) Commission on Environmental Law, who coaxed me
into this project, introduced me to his associates in the IUCN Academy of Envi-
ronmental Law, and encouraged me in the early stages when it appeared that we
would have very little to contribute. Through the members of the Academy, who
respondedtoourcallfordocuments,andtheresearcheffortsofourexcellentstudents,
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