Comparing time-based and hybrid time-based/frequency based multi-platform geo-location systems

134 Pages·2.2 MB·English

by  Stewart, Andrew D

NPS ARCHIVE
1997.09
STEWART, A.
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
THESIS
COMPARING TTME-BASED AND HYBRID
TIME-BASED/FREQUENCY BASED
MULTI-PLATFORM GEO-LOCATION SYSTEMS
by
Andrew D. Stewart
September, 1997
Thesis Advisor: Arnold H. Buss
Thesis Second Reader: Carl R. Jones
S71436
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ucrtARY
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1. AGENCYUSEONLY(Leaveblank) 2. REPORTDATE 3. REPORTTYPEANDDATESCOVERED
September 1997 Master'sThesis
4. TITLEANDSUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
COMPARINGTIME-BASED ANDHYBRID TIME-BASED/FREQUENCYBASED
MULTI-PLATFORM GEO-LOCATION SYSTEMS
6. AUTHOR(S)
Stewart, AndrewD.
7. PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)ANDADDRESS(ES) 8O.RGPAENRIFZOARTMIIONNGREPORT
Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER
Monterey, CA 93943-5000
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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)
Whiletime differenceofarrival (TDOA) information is sufficienttopassively solveforthe locationofa radiofrequency
transmitter, frequencydifferenceofarrival (FDOA) informationmaybeaddedtothe TDOAinformationto solveforboththe
positionandvelocityofthetransmitter. Thisanalysis implements a stochastic discreteevent simulation, writteninJava, to
compareandstochastically describe, underavariety ofconditions, thedifferencesbetweenamixedTDOA/FDOAMulti-platform
Global Positioning System (GPS) AssistedGeo-location Systemandthatofthe same systemwhichusesTDOAinformation only.
Thepresentedanalysiscomparesboth solution typesfortwo-andthree-dimensionalfixesacross: various measurementerror
distributions andcorrelationvalues, sensornetworkgeometry, and sensorplatform selection. The simulationresults showfirst
orderstochastic dominance intheaccuracyofthe TDOA/FDOAsolutioninthetwo-dimensional scenarios. Inthethree-
dimensional scenarios, sensornetworktotarget geometrydominatesboth solutions' accuracy. While solutionaccuracyis usedas
theprimary methodofeffectiveness, the distributionofeach solution'suncertaintyisalsocompared. Finally, the simulationitself
remainsa useful tool forfurthersystemdesignexperimentation, performance indication, andasa meansto describe system
capabilitiesto the warfighter.
14. SUBJECTTERMS 15. NUMBEROF
TimeDifference ofArrival. Frequency DifferenceofArrival. Discrete Event Simulation, Square Root PAGES
InformationFilter, Java. Global Positioning System. Geo-location, TDOA. FDOA. GPS. SRIF 114
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
COMPARING TIME-BASED AND HYBRID
TIME-BASED/FREQUENCY BASED
MULTI-PLATFORM GEO-LOCATION SYSTEMS
Andrew D. Stewart
Lieutenant, United States Navy
B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1991
Submitted in partial mlfillment ofthe
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
September 1997

'ALIBRARY
DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY
T™GRADUATESCHOOL
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL mesiQ1
'
MONTEREY, CA 93943-5101
ABSTRACT
While time difference of arrival (TDOA) information is sufficient to passively
solve for the location of a radio frequency transmitter, frequency difference of arrival
(FDOA) information may be added to the TDOA information to solve for both the
position and velocity ofthe transmitter. This analysis implements a stochastic discrete
event simulation, written in Java, to compare and stochastically describe, under a variety
of conditions, the differences between a mixed TDOA/FDOA Multi-platform Global
Positioning System (GPS) Assisted Geo-location System and that of the same system
TDOA
which uses information only. The presented analysis compares both solution
types for two- and three-dimensional fixes across: various measurement error
distributions and correlation values, sensor network geometry, and sensor platform
selection. The simulation results show first order stochastic dominance in the accuracy
of the TDOA/FDOA solution in the two-dimensional scenarios. In the three-
dimensional scenarios, sensor network to target geometry dominates both solutions'
accuracy. While solution accuracy is used as the primary method of effectiveness, the
distribution ofeach solution's uncertainty is also compared. Finally, the simulation itself
remains a useful tool for further system design experimentation, performance indication,
and as a means to describe system capabilities to the war fighter.
11T-
V.-euo
JXLIBRARY
DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY
T™GRADUATESCHOOL
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL "'" rmism
MONTEREY, CA 93943-5101
ABSTRACT
While time difference of arrival (TDOA) information is sufficient to passively
solve for the location of a radio frequency transmitter, frequency difference of arrival
(FDOA) information may be added to the TDOA information to solve for both the
position and velocity ofthe transmitter. This analysis implements a stochastic discrete
event simulation, written in Java, to compare and stochastically describe, under a variety
of conditions, the differences between a mixed TDOA/FDOA Multi-platform Global
Positioning System (GPS) Assisted Geo-location System and that of the same system
which uses TDOA information only. The presented analysis compares both solution
types for two- and three-dimensional fixes across: various measurement error
distributions and correlation values, sensor network geometry, and sensor platform
selection. The simulation results show first order stochastic dominance in the accuracy
of the TDOA/FDOA solution in the two-dimensional scenarios. In the three-
dimensional scenarios, sensor network to target geometry dominates both solutions'
accuracy. While solution accuracy is used as the primary method of effectiveness, the
distribution ofeach solution's uncertainty is also compared. Finally, the simulation itself
remains a useful tool for further system design experimentation, performance indication,
and as a means to describe system capabilities to the war fighter.
VI