Comparative study of spermathecae in eleven Rhammatocerus Saussure 1861 grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae: Scyllinini)

9 Pages·2000·4.1 MB·

by  Assis-Pujol C V De

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
102(1). 2000, pp. 120-128
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPERMATHECAE IN ELEVEN
RHAMMATOCERUS SAUSSURE 1861 GRASSHOPPER SPECIES
(ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE: GOMPHOCERINAE: SCYLLININI)
Cristiane Vieira de Assis-Pujol and Michel Lecoq
(CVAP) Museu Nacional, UFRJ, Departamento de Entomologia, Quinta da Boa Vista,
Sao Cristovao, 29.940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]); (ML) Cen-
tre de cooperation intemationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement, Prifas,
BP 5035, 34032, Montpellier Cedex 1, France (e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. The spermathecae of 1 1 Rhammatocerus Saussure 1861 grasshopper species
are described [R. brasiliensis (Bruner 1904), R. brunneh (Giglio-Tos 1895), R. cyanipes
(Fabricius 1775), R. giierrai Assis-Pujol, 1997, R. palustris Carbonell 1988, R. pictiis
(Bruner 1900), R. pratensis (Bruner 1904), R. pseudocyanipes Assis-Pujol 1997, R. schis-
tocercoides (Rehn 1906), R. sujfusus (Rehn 1906) and R. viatorius viatoriiis (Saussure
1861)]. This taxonomic character, which has never been assessed in the tribe Scyllinini,
is critical for determining grasshopper species. It also may be helpful in a taxonomic
reclassification of species and provide a basis for reviewing the genus Rhammatocerus
and the entire tribe Scyllinini.
Key Words: Acrididae, Scyllinini, Rhammatocerus, spermatheca
In most taxonomic analyses of acridians, variations, characteristic for some taxonom-
the phallic complex is the main morpholog- ic groups. Amedegnato (in litt.) noted that
ical character used to distinguish species the spermatheca and diverticula are useful
(Dirsh 1956, 1961). However, this character diagnostic characters and could even pro-
sometimes proves impracticable, e.g., for vide a basis for a phylogenic reclassifica-
diagnosing some Gomphocerinae genera tion. However, Dirsh (1957) regard the
(Carbonell 1995). In such cases, the female spermatheca as a subsidiary taxonomic
genitalia, especially the spermatheca, may character ofthe higher categories to be used
provide a basis for determination. Slifer with caution. In fact, very few studies have
(1939) described this distinguishing feature been carried out to assess the potential rel-
for many acridian species, and to a lesser evance of spermatheca design for differen-
extent by Dirsh (1957) and other authors, tiating species within an Acrididae genus.
but these studies are almost solely descrip- Grasshoppers of the genus Rhammato-
tive. Spermatheca design has never been cerus Saussure 1861 are distributed from
used as a basis for a review of current tax- southern USA to Argentina (Otte 1981).
onomic groups. Nevertheless, as early as This group is characterized by high intra-
1939, Slifer (1939) stated that the sperma- specific variation and a relatively hetero-
theca would be a relevant criterion for de- geneous external morphology. The econom-
termining families and subfamilies. Uvarov ic impact of these grasshoppers has in-
(1966) point out that the distal part of the creased markedly over the last 15 years in
spermathecal duct is subject to considerable Brazil and other South American countries.
VOLUME NUMBER
102. 121
especially in Colombia (Lecoq and Assis- Materials and Methods
Pujol 1998), where they devastate many Spermathecae of 11 of the 13 species
different crops and pastures (Cardenas and currently included in Rhammatocerus were
Devia 1995, Guagliumi 1958, 1959, 1962, studied. Specimens of R. varipes (Bruner
1973, Carbonell 1988, Lecoq and Balan^a 1905) and R. alticola (Hebard 1923) were
1998, Lecoq and Pierozzi Jr 1994, 1995a, not available. The 264 female specimens
b, Lecoq et al. 1997, Leon 1996, Martinez analyzed were obtained from the following
and Gomez 1996, Miranda et al. 1996). institutions: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
Very few taxonomic studies have been y Museo, La Plata, Argentina (FCNM);
carried out on Rhammatocerus. Since this Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
genus was first described the most note- (MNRJ); Universidade Federal de Pemam-
worthy studies on the genus were by Jago buco, Brazil (UFPE); Universidade Federal
(1971) and Carbonell (1995), but no taxo- Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Cole9ao
nomic revisions were involved. There are Entomologica Costa Lima, Universidade
currently 13 species included in the genus Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(Carbonell 1995, Assis-Pujol 1997a, b, c, (CECL); and Facultad de Ciencias, Univ-
1998, 1999). Most of them are known only ersidad de Montevideo, Uruguay (FCUM).
from the original descriptions, which are A detailed list ofspecimens studied is given
generally ill-defined and based on charac- for each species.
ters that cannot be readily used or com- We adopt the terminology of Slifer
pared. Moreover, some studies have been (1939). Spermathecae were dissected and
carried out without reference to previous ar- carefully prepared according to the follow-
ticles on the genus, which has led to con- ing technique. The specimens were placed
siderable synonymy, erroneous species in a wet chamber for 24-36 h. Once soft-
identifications and misinterpretations of ened, the abdomen was cut off at the 6th
geographical distributions. These latter spe- segment and a longitudinal incision was
cies are currently distinguished on the basis made along the intersegmental abdominal
ofpigmentation features, which is a serious membrane. The spermatheca was removed
constraint for accurate identifications, i.e., and incubated in a 10% potassium hydrox-
piimegnmse,ntdauteiopnaritsloyfttoenpouoncrlperaersoernvattyipoenscpoenc-- ywdaeshseodluttoionre(mKoOveH)alflorKO24Hh.inItawsaoslutthieonn
ditions. A critical problem with using color containing 10 ml acetic acid/100 ml 70%
alcohol. All tissues surrounding the sper-
is also that it varies within a species as
shown clearly in R. schistocercoides for matheca were removed, and it was then
which color change from brown to green washed and incubated for about 24 h in a
Mercurochrome/70% alcohol solution (1:10
with sexual maturation (Lecoq and Pierozzi
v/v) in order to stain the structures. The
Jr., 1996).
As part of a general project to revise spermatheca was washed again in waterand
Rhammatocerus (Assis-Pujol 1997a), we at- placed between a glass slide and a coverslip
in a drop of glycerine. All spermathecae il-
tempted to pinpoint relevant diagnostic cri-
lustrations were made with a camera lucida
teria for species identification. It was found
under a dissecting microscope (X50). After
that interspecific morphological differences
dissection, the abdomen was dried and put
in male genitalia are so minor, or even non-
with the specimen. The genitalia were
existent, that they are unsuitable for species
placed in a microtube in glycerine along
determination (Assis-Pujol 1997a). How-
side the specimen after the analysis.
ever, internal female genitalia, especially
the spermatheca, were found to be a critical Results and Discussion
taxonomic character. Here we present a The general morphology of Rhammato-
comparative analysis of the spermatheca. cerus spermathecae was found to be in line
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
with that described by Slifer (1939) for Ac- A. Monne, 8, FCUM; CAAGUAZU: 40
rididae spermathecae. All of them have a Km N de Caaguazu, Ruta Caaguazu, Yhu,
well-developed preapical diverticulum (PD) 13.111.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M.
and a distinct apical diverticulum (AD) A. Monne, 3, FCUM; ARGENTINA, SAL-
(Figs. 1-11). Spermatheca of the different TA: San Lorenzo, 20.1.1965, A. Mesa & R.
species studied are described below. Sandulski, 1, FCUM; P. del Carmen,
22.1.1936, F Langman col., 1, FCNM;
Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Bruner 1904) BUENOS AIRES: San Nicolas, 15-
Material.—BRASIL, PARA: Santarem, 20.1.1949, Sonia Rivas leg., 2, FCNM;
V.1978, M. V. Cerdeira, 3, MNRJ; bidos, SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: Beltran,
IV.1978, B. Silva, 1, MNRJ; Rio Grande do 8.X1.1941, Maldonado col., 1, FCN—M.
Norte: Jancico, 1.1952, M. Alvarenga, 1, Description of spermatheca. Short
MNRJ; PARAIBA: Brandao, Santa Luzia, preapical diverticulum, about 1.6 mm in
08.X11.1955, A. G. A. Silva, 2, MNRJ; length; apical diverticulum short, about Vs
Joazeirinho, Soledade, VII.1956, A. G. A. as long as preapical diverticulum, with its
Silva, 1, MNRJ; PERNAMBUCO: Arari- tip oriented in opposite direction relative to
pina, VI.1993, M. J. S. Lopes & C. S. Car- that of former structure (Fig. 1).
bonell, 1, FCUM; Bonito, 1.1978, B. Silva,
2, MNRJ; Serra das Russas, BR 232, Km Rhammatocerus hnmneh (Giglio-Tos
75 (cerca de Gravat), VI.1993, M. J. S. 1895)
Lopes & C. S. Carbonell, 3, UFPE; 8 Km Material.—BRASIL, GOIAS: Mina^u,
E de Sanharo, 30.IV.1991, C. S. Carbonell 7.x.1987, Monne & Roppa, 1, MNRJ. SAO
& M. J. S. Lopes, 14, UFPE; ESPIRITO PAULO: Serra da Bocaina, 1660 m, S. J.
SANTO: Cariacica, XII.1977, B. Silva, 1, Barreiro, IV.1978, Seabra, Monne & Rop-
MNRJ; MINAS GERAIS: Diamantina, pa, 1, MNRJ. Mato Grosso: Chapada, mar-
XI.1977, Seabra, Roppa & Monne, 3, 90, Bruner cln, Ex. Cam. Mus., A.N.S.P., 1,
MNRJ; Aguas Vermelhas, X.1977, O. Rop- FCUM. BR 364, KM 616, 11.1978, B. Silva,
pa, 5, MNRJ; Aguas Vermelhas, Curral de 1, MNRJ; MINAS GERAIS: Varginha,
Dentro, XI.1977, O. Roppa, 1, MNRJ; Cur- 11.1955, F M. Ohveira, 1, UFRRJ; RIO
velo, VII.1977, Seabra, Roppa & Monne, 1, GRANDE DO SUL: 5, 33 km N de Passo
MNRJ; Pirapora, XI.1977, Seabra, Roppa Fundo, 25.11.1964, C. S. Carbonell, A.
& Monne, 2, MNRJ; GOAIS: Mina9u, Mesa & M. A. Monne, 1, FCUM; Pelotas,
29.V-04.VI.1987, Monne & Roppa. 1, 14.11.1962, C. Biezanko, 1, FCUM; Santa
MNRJ; Mineiros, 11.1979, Roppa & Silva, Maria, 5.1.1955, E. Corseuil, 02676, 1,
1, MNRJ; SAO PAOLO: Piracicaba, FCUM; Ronda Alta, 24.11.1964, C. S. Car-
19.x.1961, A. Mesa, 2, FCUM.; Piracicaba, bonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 3,
Volta Grande, 4.V.1962, A. Mesa, 2, FCUM; Tramandai, 14.11.1964, C. S. Car-
FCUM; Indaiatuba, 22.XI.1961, A. Mesa, bonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 1, FCUM.
2, FCUM; Mato Grosso: Diamantino, BR URUGUAI, LAVALLEJA: Alredores
364, Km 348, 11.1978, B. Silva, 1, MNRJ; Pueblo Sauce, 22.11.1953, C. S. Carbonell,
MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Campo 1, FCUM; RIVERA: Cuchilla Cuiiapiru,
Grande, 08.XI.1952, M. Alvarenga, 1, 21.1.1956, C. S. Carbonell, 4, FCUM; Si-
MNRJ; RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Traman- erra de La Aurora, 14.III.1961, C. S. Car-
dai, 14.11.1964, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & bonell, A. Mesa & P San Martin, 3, FCUM.
M. A. Monne, 2, FCUM; PARAGUAI, PARAGUAI, CAAGUAZU: Caaguazu,
CENTRAL: Luque, 03.III.1965, C. S. Car- 12.III.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M.
bonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 1, A. Monne, 1, FCUM; 40 Km N de Caa-
FCUM; PARAGUARI: Paraguari, guazu, Ruta Caaguazu, Yhu, 13.111.1965, C.
10.III.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 4,
VOLUME NUMBER 123
102. 1
AD
mm
1
10
11
Figs. 1-11. Spermathecae. 1, Rhammatocenis hrasiliensis. 2, R. brunneri. 3, R. cyanipes. 4, R. guerrai. 5,
R. palustris. 6, R. pictiis. 7, R. pratensis. 8. R. pseiidocyanipes. 9. R. schisWcercoides. 10, R. sujfusus. \\, R.
viatohus viatoriiis. Abbreviations: DA = apical diverticum; DP = preapical diverticulum.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FCUM; Sapucay, 26.XII.1904, Foster, 1, 1983, O. Roppa & M. A. Monne, 1, MNRJ;
FCUM; 26.1.1905, Foster, 1, FCUM. AR- GOIAS: Jatai, MNRJ. PARAGUAl, CAA-
GENTINA, MISIONES: Caraguatay, GUAZU: 40 km N. de Caaguazu (at present
1.1960, Ronderos & Trotta col., 1, FCNM; Ihu), Mar90, 1965, C. S. Carbonell, A.
CHACO: Resistencia, 20.III.1939, Denier Mesa & M. A. Monne, 2, MNRJ. —
col., 1, FCNM. — Description of spermatheca. Long
Description of spermatheca. Long preapical diverticulum, about 2 mm in
mm
preapical diverticulum, about 2.0 in length; long apical diverticulum slightly
length; very short rounded apical divertic- shorter than half of preapical diverticulum,
ulum (less than Va length of preapical di- with its tip oriented slightly in opposite di-
verticulum) with its tip oriented towards rection relative to that of former structure
posterior part ofspermatheca (Fig. 2) (ifwe (Fig. 5).
consider anterior region with preapical di-
verticulum on right side of observer and Rhammatocerus pictus (Bruner 1900)
apical diverticulum on left side, as indicated Material.—BRASIL, RIO GRANDE DO
on Figs. 1-11). SUL: Lagoa Vermelha, 18.11.1964, C. S.
Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 3,
Rhammatocerus cyanipes (Fabricius 1775) FCUM; Nonoai, 20.11.1964, C. S. Carbo-
Material.—COLOMBIA, SANTA MAR- nell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monne, 1, FCUM;
TA: Valencia (Alt. 500 ft.), 08.V1II.1920, F Ronda Alta, 24.11.1964, C. S. Carbonell, A.
M. Gaige col., 2, FCNM. — Mesa & M. A. Monne, 2, FCUM; Palmeira
Description of spermatheca. Very short das Missies, II. 1978, O. Roppa, 1, MNRJ.
preapical diverticulum, about 1.0 mm in URUGUAI, ARTIGAS: Arroyo Tres Cru-
length; long apical diverticulum (if com- ces Grandes (Potrero Sucio), 12, 14.11.1955,
pared with preapical diverticulum), with its Fac. de Hum. Y Cienc, 5, FCUM; Arroyo
tip oriented slightly in opposite direction Tres Cruces, Timbauba, 14.11.1955, F de H.
relative to that of former structure (Fig. 3). Y Ciencias, 2, FCUM; Bella Union,
28.1.1952, L. C. Zolessi, 3, FCUM; Yacare,
Rhammatocerus guerrai Assis-Pujol 1997 21.1.1952, F de H. Y Ciencias, 1, FCUM;
Material.—Paratype: 1, BRASIL, MATO Canelones: Las Piedras, 20.III.1964, 1,
GROSSO: Campo Novo do Parcels, FCUM; Las Piedras, 5, 6.II.1966, A. Car-
08.V.1996, C. Pujol, W. Guerra & O. Ri- menes, 2, FCUM; Las Piedras, 15.11.1966,
beiro, MNRJ. — A. Carmenes, 2, FCUM; Lavalleja: Cercan-
Description of spermatheca. Short ias Pueblo Sauce, 22.11.1953, C. S. Carbo-
preapical diverticulum, about 1.6 mm in nell, 2, FCUM; Paysandu: Puerto Pepeaji,
length; very long, thin and sinuous apical IV.1954, C. S. Carbonell, 1, FCUM; Rivera:
diverticulum about halfas long as preapical Cerro Chato Dorado, 23.111.1963, A. Mesa
diverticulum, with its tip oriented in oppo- & C. S. Carbonell, 1, FCUM; Cuchilla
site direction relative to that of former Cunapiru, 21.1.1956, C. S. Carbonell, 1,
structure (Fig. 4). FCUM; Sierra de La Aurora, 14.III.1961,
C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & R San Martin,
Rhammatocerus palustris Carbonell 1988 1, FCUM. PARAGUAl, San Bernardino:
Material.—BRASIL, MATO GROSSO: 14.1.1939, Denier col., 1, FCNM. ARGEN-
Chapada dos Guimaraes, 25.1.1972, Ron- TINA, SANTIAGO DEL ESTERRO: Bel-
deros & Carbonell, 2, FCNM; GOIAS: tran 8.XI.1941, Maldonado col., 1, FCNM;
Minagu, M. A. Monne e O. Roppa, 1, BUENOS AIRES: sd, J. Bosq col., 2,
MNRJ; MATO GROSSO: Chapada dos FCNM; 5.1.1907, P Jorgensen, 1, FCNM;
Guimaraes, Fevereiro, 24-25, 1972, M. La Plata; sd, sc, 1, FCNM; Campo del Ci-
Descamps, 2, MNRJ; same locality, July, clo, 1.1954, sc, 1, FCNM; CATAMARCA:
VOLUME NUMBER
102. 1 125
& mm
Andalgala, 8.III.1962, Torres Ferreyra preapical diverticulum, about 2 in
FCNM; CHACO:
col., 1, Resistencia, length; long apical diverticulum, bent at
20.III.1939, Denier col., 4, FCNM; COR- mid length, slightly shorter than half of
DOBA: Alta Gracia, I. 1937, M. Biraben, preapical diverticulum, with its tip oriented
2, FCNM; Cabana, 12.III.1937, M.Biraben in opposite direction relative to that of
col., 1, FCNM; Oncativo, 17.1.1959, Bira- preapical diverticulum (Fig. 6).
ben & Scott leg., 2, FCNM; Rio Los Sauc-
es, 28.11.1942, Maldonado col., 1, FCNM; Rhammatocerus pratensis (Bruner 1904)
Rio Tercero, 14.11.1942, Biraben col., 3, Material.—BRASIL, RIO GRANDE DO
FCNM; Tanti, III.1968, Bulla & Grosso NORTE: Macafba, VIII.1951, M. Alvaren-
leg., 1, FCNM; Corrientes: 15-30.11.1959, ga, 1, MNRJ; PERNAMBUCO: 12 Km N
M. Biraben col., 1, FCNM; Manantiales, de Buique, 30.X.1995, C. Ayres, 1, LGBE:
11.1946, Biraben col., 1, FCNM; 1- 2422, UFPE; Serra das Russas, Km 116,
10.111.1959, Biraben col., 1, FCNM; LA 28.x.1995, C. Ayres, 1, LGBE:2019,
RIOJA: Famatina, 22.11.1959, Torres & UFPE; 9 km L de Salgueiro, 31.X.1995, C.
Gardella col., 1, FCNM; JUJUY: Yala, Ayres, 1, UFPE. —
12.III.1939, Biraben & Scott leg., 1, Description of spermatheca. Short
FCNM; Reyes, 11.11.1939, Biraben & Scott preapical diverticulum, about 1.6 mm in
leg., 1, FCNM; La Pampa: 10 Km W de length; straight apical diverticulum about V?,
Rancul, 1.III.1973, A. Mesa & E. Cabella, as long as preapical diverticulum, with its
1, MNRJ; MISIONES: Cerro Cora, tip oriented almost in same direction rela-
18.III.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. tive to that of former structure (Fig. 7).
A. Monne, 1, FCUM; Seis Misiones,
10.11.1990, Balatti col., 1, FCNM; Parada Rhammatocerus pseudocyanipes Assis-
FCNM; Pujol 1997
Seis, 11.11.1990, Balatti col., 1,
SALTA: Abra Santa Laura, 11.III.1939, Material.—Paratype 1, BRASIL, SER-
Biraben & Scott leg., 2 j, FCNM; Ciudad GIPE: Areia Branca, 35 Km W de Aracaju,
de Salta, 19.1.1965, A. Mesa & R. Sandul- 19.11.1981, Roppa, Carbonell & Roberts,
ski, 1, FCUM; Juramento, 14.III.1939, Bir- MNRJ; AMAZONAS: Humaita, VIII.
aben & Scott leg., 1, FCNM; San Lorenzo, 1980, G. S. Andrade, 1, MNRJ; MINAS
20.1.1965, A. Mesa & R. Sandulski, 1, GERAIS: Aguas Vermelhas, X.1977, Sea-
FCUM; San Lorenzo, 3.II.1965, A. Mesa & bra, Roppa & Monne, 1, MNRJ. —
R. Sandulski, 5, FCUM; Tartagal, 29- Description of spermatheca. Short
31.1.1965, A. Mesa & R. Sandulski, 1, preapical diverticulum, about 1.5 mm in
FCUM; SAN LUIS: Piedra Blanca, length; short apical diverticulum about Vs as
19.111.1960, V. Sarmiento & Trotta, 1, long as preapical diverticulum, with its tip
FCNM; Rincon del Este, Comechingones, clearly oriented in opposite direction rela-
&
19.III.1960, V. Sarmiento Trotta col., 2, tive to that of former structure (Fig. 8).
FCNM; Concaran, 16-17.III.1960, V. Sar-
miento & Trotta col., 1, FCNM; Puerta Co- Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Rehn
& 1906)
lorada, 14.III.1960, V. Sarmiento Trotta,
1, FCNM; SANTA FE: Barrancas, Material.—BRASIL, MATO GROSSO:
22.11.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. Gustavo Dutra, 25.X.1953, C. R. Gon9alves
A. Monne, 3, FCUM; Carcaraiia, col., 1, UFRRJ; Serra do Roncador, Posto
21.11.1965, C. S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. Pimentel Barbosa, 25.IX.1947, F Meirelles
A. Monne, 7, FCUM; LA RIOJA: Vinchi- col, 4, UFRRJ; Tangara da Serra, Dest. Al-
&
na, 22.11.1959, Torres Gardella col., 4, cool Branca, 22.VI.1947, R. C. Mauro, 3,
FCNM. MNRJ; GOIAS: Aragar9as, 2.VII.1953, H.
—
Description of spermatheca. Long Sick col., 1, UFRRJ; Margens do Rio Ar-
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
aguaia, 10.VII.1953, C. S. Carbonell, 2, in length; extremely large apical diverticu-
FCUM; MINAS GERAIS: Sacramento, lum, about % of preapical diverticulum,
30.IV.1996, G. W. Cosenza col., 3, MNRJ; scythe-shaped and its tip oriented in oppo-
Pedregulho, 30.IV.96, G. W. Cosenza col., site direction relative to that of former
4, MNRJ. COLOMBIA, ARAUCA: Cravo structure (Fig. 1 1).
Norte, 14.x.1996, M. Lecoq, J. A. Jimenez These 11 species can be pooled into four
Gomez & O. J. Ramirez cols, 22, M—NRJ. different groups on the basis of the above
Description of spermatheca. Long descriptions. Group 1 includes R. brasilien-
mm
preapical diverticulum, about 2.0 in sis, R. cyanipes, R. guerrai, R. pseiidocy-
length; long bulky apical diverticulum anipes, R. sujfiisus and R. viatorius viato-
about Vi as long as preapical diverticulum, rius, characterized by a short preapical di-
mm
with its tip clearly oriented in opposite di- verticulum (1.6 or less) and with the
rection relative to that of former structure tip ofthe apical diverticulum oriented in the
(Fig. 9). opposite direction relative to that of the
preapical diverticulum (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 8, 10,
Rhammatocerus sujfusus (Rehn 1906) 11). Group 2 includes only R. pratensis
Material.—BRAZIL, AMAZONAS: Hu- characterized by a short preapical divertic-
maita, VIII.1980, G. S. Andrade, 1, MNRJ; ulum and an apical diverticulum oriented in
RIO DE JANEIRO: Octobre, A.N.S.R, Ex. the same direction (Fig. 7). Group 3 include
Carn. Mus., Bruner Cln, 1, FCUM; MINAS R. palustris, R. pictus, and R. schistocer-
GERAIS: Corinto, XL1977, Seabra, Roppa coides with a long preapical diverticulum
& Monne, 2, MNRJ; Curvelo, XI.1977, O. and an apical diverticulum with its tip clear-
Roppa, 4, MNRJ; Gouveia, XL1977, Sea- ly oriented in the opposite direction relative
bra, Roppa &. Monne, X.1982, L. Reys, 1, to that of the preapical diverticulum (Figs.
MNRJ; Mina9u, 23.V-04.VI.1987, Monne 5, 6, 9). Group 4 includes a single species,
& Roppa, 1, MNRJ; MATO GROSSO: R. hrunneri, with a long preapical divertic-
Chapada near Cuyaba, May, June, August, ulum and an apical diverticulum with its tip
A.N.S.R, Ex. Cam. Mus., Bruner Cln., 2, oriented towards the posterior part of the
FCUM. BOLIVIA, SANTA CRUZ: Santa spermatheca (Fig. 2).
Cruz de la Sierra, 26.IX.1953, M. Alvar-
enga, 1, MNRJ. — Conclusion
Description of spermatheca. Short This is the first attempt to distinguish
mm
preapical diverticulum, about 1.5 in Scyllinini grasshoppers on the basis ofsper-
length; long thin apical diverticulum slight- matheca design, and the results indicate that
ly longer than half of preapical diverticu- this character considerably facilitates iden-
lum, with its tip oriented slightly in oppo- tifications. This criterion should be helpful
site direction relative to that of former in a taxonomic revision, while overcoming
structure (Fig. 10). the problem ofmaking identifications based
on external male genital morphology. The
Rhammatocerus viatorius viatorius genus Rhammatocerus and the entire tribe
(Saussure 1861)
Scyllinini could be better revised by con-
Material.—MEXICO, SINALOA: Rosa- ducting systematic diagnoses on the basis
rio (J. A. Kusche), A.N.S.P, 1, FCUM; TE- of classical characters including also sper-
COJA: Jatate, Rio Chiapas, 1800 ft, mathecal morphology.
III.1934, D. W. Amram Jr., 1, MNRJ. GUA-
TEMALA, LA UNION: Zacapa, 85 m., Acknowledgments
10.XI.1972, E. Welling, 1, MNR—J. This study was funded by FAPESP
Description of spermatheca. Short piri- (Proc. No. 97/00264-3). For the specimen
mm
form preapical diverticulum, about 1.6 loans, interesting discussions, and review of
VOLUME 102, NUMBER 1 127
the manuscript, we are especially grateful of the Royal Entomological Society of London
to Professors Miguel A. Monne (MNRJ), 108: 223-356.
Carlos S. Carbonell (FCUM), Francisco . 1957. The spermatheca as a taxonomic char-
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Lopes (UFPE), Jose Roberto Pujol-Luz, . 1961. A preliminary revision of the families
(UFRRJ), and Dr. C. Amedegnato (Museum and sub-familiesofAcridoidea(Orthoptera,Insec-
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