Comparative Philology

435 Pages·2017·19.6 MB·English

M H Y
C O P A RATI VE P I L O L O G
0 1" TH E
O N N W W
L D A D E O R L D S
N N
I R ELATI O TO A R C HA I C SPEEC H
.
R P G R E G ETC
. . , .
O P
CC IE
A A D
M N
BY
COPIOUS VOCABULARIES ETC
, .
é’
fl'ea 7rr epo ev7'a
.
L O N D O N
U E
R O N I E
KE GAN PA L T NC H TR B ER C L D
o MIT
, , . , ,
H H
ER STER U SE C R G CR SS R
D
AT A A
N N
P O O I O O
.
E
H RTFO R D
T T U T
D
A
PR IN E BY S EPHEN S IN AND SONS
.
The fi st sp e ech whi h w as u sed b f th e Delu e em ai s w p ope ly i
r c e ore g r n no r r n
, , —
plac e o l the e li que s the e of m be fou d still i ll l a u a e s ” G m
no n y r r ay n n a ng g nor s
, . .
—
CE
Wo ds the fossil s of Spe ech ” A H SA Y
r are
. . . .
L
a ua e as the e xp e ssi o of thou ht al so the t e asu e -h ou se of w o -o u t
n g g r n g 18 r r rn
— ,
metapho s ” I b °d
r a
. .
E tymolo y has the ch a m of ll S ci e ce s which deal w ith th e b e i i d
g r a n g nn ng an
—
”
owth of ll the e at p odu cts of Sp ee ch G C
gr a gr r EO unrrus
. . .
'
e
Th m ost p imiti ve la a e say th at of the Ame ic a P alae olithi c m mu st
r ngu g r n an
, ,
”
have be e mo e udime ta y tha la ua e w k ow to
n r r n r n any ng g no n n u s
.
D B M D
BI N'I‘ON
. , . .
R O LOR
—
G estu e la ua e attai e d i ts m o st c omple te fo m i Ame i c a ” P TY
r ng g n r n r F
. . .
A alo i e s p obably at the o ot of co ate fo ms ” -Jb 'd
n g are r r gn r z
. .
The doct i e of co ate e quivale ts of e qual h l i l v alue s i s at
r n gn n or pscy c o o g ca
,
bottom of ll oot e se a che s d the valu e of G amm a i the stu dy of p imitive
a r r r ; an r r n r
la u a e i s of se co da y v alu e The o i i al si le o ot m h owe ve
ng g n r r g n ng r ay r n ot
. , ,
u f e qu e tly h av e be e lo st di splace d
n r n n or
I
.
t w ill t do as i s s metime s do e to co fou d ace d la u a e
n o o n n n r an ng g
, , . L R
E E
H
Y C
D A K
.
E ve y i fl ti l l a u a e w as o ce a luti ati ve d e ve a luti atio
r n ec ona ng g n gg n an ry gg n n
o ce m o o syllabi c ” Al so that “ th e Tu a i a de spi se s e ve y idi om th at doe s t
n n r n n r no
.
—
clea ly show its adi c al d si i fi c a t el eme t ” I b 'd
r r an gn n n z
. .

N N
C O TE TS
.
R
E CE L
t
P A [ ist of Autho i i es efe ed to E d
F r r rr see n
. , .
R O O — —
T CTI — L — L
U
I N D N pp v11 1xx1 - Am e1 1can ang uages v11 xvi li i i lv ( 25 7 Af1 ican angu ages xxi xx
T
— , . — — — , , . c — —, .
h S h
u a i a xx xx A d xx xxv C i e se d A ya c le el et xxv xxv Chi e se
r n n 111 cca 1an ii n aii r n g ii 11
T
, — c , . — , , . , .
d u a i a 1 Q u hua d A ya xxx C m ti A d di l etc
an r n n 111 i n an r n xxn 1 - o pa1 a vc cco1 anccs 1 a ca s xxx
—
, O , — — , , .
t h
xxxi i i Race s C l of ld d N ew Wo lds xxxiv xxxv i d l li i i A ya s d C dl f e
1 an1o o cry an r i an 1 11 an i a e o
. c — — , — — O c
t P p
Aryan Ra e xxxvi i i xl iv an d lvn Egy pt1an xlv l Au s rali an a uan ceani and Di avidian
L , c — — — . — , , L :
a ua e s d Ra e s 1 1 Ib l Celts 1 S 1 m t C m t i a u e
ng g an 1 x er1ans 1 x 11 npp e en a1 y on o pai a ve ng ag
T
H , , c . , ,
S S h
M ax M ulle A ayce D 0 ade Robt B w opi a d Ca o Co ok lxi lxxi
r ; ; r r r ; ro 11 yun n r ; n n
— . . c . . H , , .
e
S h —
Semitic Kr n1e1 and rader lxiv ; yde C l arke xiv xvi
, , , .
R O L R S
T C I E
P U
A I V A A
- B
. . c — c L —
F E yptia Accadi a C h i ese Af i ca d Am e i a wo ds 1 48 I te ha e able ette s 4 9 50
o r g n n n r n an r n r n r ng r
c , , —, . . , .
Ac ado-Chinese Agreements 5 1 52
, .
R
T —
—
P A I I Aryan Sem itic A frican and Amer i can 5 5—1 1 6 — Ch inese and Engl i sh Verbal An alogie s 1 1 7 1 1 8
.
— . , , , . c — , c
Chinese an d Amer ican Anal ogie s 1 1 8—1 19 Basque and Gaeli A n alogie s 1 29 An cient M exi an and
— , . — c , .
t p t h pt
Aryan d i to 1 20 Aryan and Egy tian d i to 12 1 and 298 Ac ad ian C i ne se and Egy i an be and M
, — . — , . H , — —
S p
ounds 12 2 Egy ti an d ulcit words l 23 General word s for orse A ss 1 2 3 1 24 ; 346 Greek and
L , . , . , , .
h
ati Acco da ces wi t Chi ese d M o ol (Edki s) 12 4
n r n n an ng n
, — , .
Addenda and Corrz'genda to Parts I and I I 1 25 1 26
. . .
R —T T
T U c c
P A I I I u a i a o Altai East a ta ( M o ol) A f i ca d Ame i a ( Accadi a d E ypti a
r n 11 gr r r ng r n an r n n an g n
. — , , , — ,
th
1 2 9 1 56 Analogies for A siati c Tul anian an d Egyptian 1 5 7 159 Es on i an and Ameri can
. , , .
p
C om a i so s 1 60
r n
, .
R
T — L —
q S
PA I V ibya d Be be B as ue C aucasi a Ame ica d u d y 1 69 1 97
n an r r n r n an n r
. , , , , .
R T
T —
P A V Indo-Chine se (E Himalaic) ibetan (W Him alaic) Aborigin al Chine se A fr ican and Sundry
—. . , . , , ,
199 2 16
.
R —
T O c
—
P p
PA V I Dravidi an Malay cean ic Polyn e si an a uan and A ustralian A fr i an and Am erican 2 1 9 25 5
. , , , , , , .
T
—
—
p Sp
A N C om a ative ables etc f eci al wo ds d thei C o ates N o I Poly esi a G amm a
PPE DICEs r or r an r gn n n r r
—
. , . , — , . .
tt
Example s of N d C Ame i c a G amma N o I I Al o ki G amma N o I I I Ti h di o
an r n r r ; g n n r r ( nn e
— . . , . — , . . ,
p t h P
d lii i ) Affi i ie s betwee Oth m i d C i e se N o I V ( d p lu al fo mati o s N ew d
an n n o an n an r r n an
O . . — , . . . ,
S S S t h
ld Wo ld s N o V I sta ce s of im ila Wo ds h avi im ila M ea i s f r N o th Ce t al d ou
r n n r r ng r n ng o r n r an
, . —. L — ,
S t
A me i ca N o V I A Ge e al i st of Am e ica Wo ds f Wate N o VIP u d y A eem e s f
r n r r n r or r n r gr n or
, . . H L —, . c c
A ya d Ce t al Ame i ca ( yde C l a ke ) N os V I I I d I I I Ame i a C ale da d Z odia al
r n an n r r r an r n n r an
—
— — O , . . . c
S
i s N o I X X I I I cea ic Ame i ca A f ica d E ypti a A alo ies N o X IV C au asia
gn n r n r n an g n n g n
, . . c . , ,— c c , .
Af i ca d Am e i a A alo ie s N o X V Af i a E ypti a d Am e i a A al o ie s N o XV I
r n an r n n g r n g n an r n n g
L , . . , , — . c.
Sp S P
eci al i ui stic y o ym s f Al li ed im a y Wo d s I deas Nos XV I I d XV I I I Ame i a
ng n n o r r r r or an r n
F — L , . . .
q
Ge e al li st of Wo ds f oot N o XVI II Acco da ce s f ibya d Be be B a ue C aucasi a
n r r or a r n o r n an r r s n
, . . — , , ,
S h pt
C elti c Ame ica d em iti c Wo ds No XIX Addi ti o al E li s d E y ia A alo ie s N o X IX
r n an r n ng an g n n g a
T
, — , , . — , F . .
p S t t h
( d Ge e al able of elec ed Nume al s No X X A Ge e al l i s f Wo ds f at e d
an n r r n r o r o r r an
T
. L — , . . —
M othe N o X X — M uch eat etc X X I I M tl b ole etc X X I I I ee etc No X X I V
r gr ou 1 r so n
H , . — , . , . , —, . , . , ,— ., . .
h h
ouse ut etc N o XXV Bi d fl oot N o X XVI D No X XV I I Good ye s ! b d
r y s og our a
, c , . , . — , , , . , O , . . , ,
h
i t et N o X X V I I I A chai c fu dam e tal Wate wo d s ld d New Wo ld N o X X I X
n g r or n n r r an r
—
L , . , . . , , . .
ife c oss tie p hall s m outh avel etc N XXX P im i tive p i cipal mea i s of oot sou d Ma
r u n o r r n n ng r n
, , — W, , , , . , .— c ,
h P h h t
N o X X X I deat etc N o X X X I I o ou s t ou e No s e N o X XX I I I
ar r n n ; ; 1 2
. . , , . , . . — H , . , , ., . .
A chai c t l l l etc N o X X X I V a d foot fi e to etc l / a sou d
r car gar ar ga ca n ng r ; go ed a c p n
—
, , , , , , , . . , —, , H . , , , ,
N o X X XV A chai c l a = f t ha d etc N o X X XV I K d e m es N o X X XV I I
r e car oo n go arnac u n r
T
— . . , , , c, , . , . — . L , . .
S t t h
one to out etc (ta t a te [ca/c tat e ) N o X X XV I I I e sound in Roundness N o X X X I X
— , , . , , , , , . . . L F c , . .
h S
Word s for Eye sea lig t and C ogn ate s and N sounds N o X K La - ire et C ognates ' ( ta talc
T
, L, — , , —, . . . , L . , , ,
S h Sh
b l ou ds N o X I u de N oi se etc N o K LI i i Metal s N o X I I S m li ht d
a c n n r a n ng - i g an
T T
, . . L , , . . . L , . . ,L ,
N
t t
C ognate s s 2 ts soun ds O X I I I D i t o M N and soun ds N o X I V D i to or D tan kan
, , , L , L. — F , , , L. , , , ,
S —
sou ds N os X V d X V I ood etc ( M sou d s l) N o X V I I S d C o ates s k ?
n an n o on an gn z a
,L . — . . , . , , . L . , , , ,
p —
N o X V I I I Blood Relatio shi N 2 s ou d N o S m C ompa i so s betwee
n 7ta 721 an n o e r n n
—
. , . L, , , . .
Accadia D avidia d A ssy i a N o X I X Pe so al P o ou s m m mi mm
n r n an r n r n r n n eg o ag o ; a an a
—
L , F , . . —H, , , , , , ,
p
N o I Note M ale d em ale Wo ds N o LI M a LIZ a d ( aw take ca y d m d
011 an r a - 11 ) n rr an a an
, . , . . c , . , ,
S p t h P
l sou d s) No LI ome obable f dame al A ai c ho o C o so a tal d Vowel sou ds
ea n c r un n or r n n n n an n
“
L L — , . . — c ,
S t h
No I Race s of M a ki d N o LII ome C osta Rica ( C e t al Am e ica ) A al o ie s wi A f i a
n n a n n r r n n g T r n
. L — , . . L ,— ,
etc N o I I I Compa i so s of Wo ds d B t A ya d A A ya N o I V o ue d
r n r an oo s r n an n- r n ng an
L , . . — , L F , .L —.H
eaf Wo ds N o LIV S om e Wo ds comm o t o m ost a a e am il ies No V o se d A ss
r a r n ng u g r an
T
, . .— , L . . ,
N o LV ( d p S om e A ya d u a ia Wo d A alo ies etc N o VI
a an r n an r n n r n g
. . . , . , . .
PP R O R
E E T
SU p p
L M N A Y M EM AND A 348 Additi onal Australi an and African Words to 220 Pure D1 av1d1an
, . . . .
pp
Words and Roots (Part V I 349 350
. , .
Addenda et Corn'genda N o 2 pp 35 1 353 [For Addenda et Corrigenda No 1 see pp 1 25
. , . . , .
F
PRE ACE
.
Thi s aci al d topo aphical b e vity m h ave bee ca i e d too f d the p eci se l oc ality of
r an gr r ay n rr ar ; an r
b
Ame i ca d A f i ca w o ds i s e e ally omi tte d t f the m o e sp e ci al a s w ell as e e al
r n an r n r g n r ; u or r g n r
, ,
I
obj e ct have had i vi e w eate detail w o ld h ave be e both cumbe som e d p o ssibly t ab sol utely
n gr r u n r an n o
,
I I
L
e sse ti al astl y h ave ve tu e d i the followi t odu ctio to ive a sho t ’t mé of the
n n r n ng n r n g r ep z o
. ,
opi io s of a c o side able umbe of the p i cipal w ite s d thi ke s the e e al subj e ct of
n n n r n r r n r r an n r on g n r
R ace d La a e hopi th at su ch a p oce du e m t be without som e i te e st a s w ell as
an n gu g ; n g r r ay n o n r
,
be i u i so w ith the e e l pu po t of thi s wo k whi ch has be e a lab ou of l ove d th e
n n n g n ra r r r n r an
,
occup atio of m a y ye a s ca i ed out u de the di sadv a ta e of ill h ealth d i ability to co sult
n n r rr n r n g - an n n
, ,
I I
as m a y b ook s as could have de si e d Wh ate ve it s sho tcomi s m be o ly t u st that
n r r r n g ay can n r
. ,
the e will be mu ch i it that m p ove u seful i th e futu e Study of Phi lolo i its w idest
r n ay r n r gy n
I
se se h ave t i d to offe the mate i al f it i a some what ovel fo m wi thout h avi the
n i e r r or n n r n g
. , ,
I
abili ty th e time t o f ll m l d di e st it but h ave i ve at the d of P a t VI m o e
or u y u ‘av e an g ; g n en r r
. ,
espe ci ally a c e tai umb e of spe ci ally sele cted table s of c omp a i so f ce t ai w o ds d allie d
r n n r r n or r n r an
,
cognate ideas to indicate what m ay be don e on a m or e e xten si ve sc ale ( by th ose wh o are adept s in
,
speci al l a u a e s) i the t aci of A chaic di l d t o wh at e xte t ppa e tly simila sou d s
ng g n r n g r ra ca s an n a r n r n
, ,
may or may n ot be conn ecte d or trace able throu gh variou s or different fam ilie s of lan guage and
, ,
i
n what way such oft en w ide spr e ad simil aritie s or an alogi e s may h ave ori gin ate d Q uite indepen
.
I
den tly the general ten den cy inclin e s think to confir m a good de al th e lin e s upon whi ch Mr
,
, , .
H
yde C l a ke has w o k ed
r r
.
I
have to ackn owle dge m u ch in debtedn e ss to th e R ev C J B all for hi s revi si on of th e C hin e se
. . . ,
I E
A c cadi an an d A ssyri an porti on in Part Al so to M A G lli s M C B e dall M J
r r n r
.
. . . , . . , . .
F . B lumh ardt an d Mr F L Griffith o f the Bri ti sh Mu se um for a n um ber of corre cti ons and
, . . . ,
,
I I I
O
sugge stion s in P arts . and . , m or e e spe ci ally in ri en tal and Semiti c Langu age s ; as w ell as t o
Professor A . H . S ayc e , Mr . Hyde C larke and Mr . R obert Brown jun and oth er gentlem en The
, . , .
E gy ptian i s main ly tak en fr om Pierre t b ut h as been in p art sub se quentl y adde d t o or corr e cte d
,
.
I
such a e e al wo k a s thi s ab solut e d p e ci se ac cu acy i fo ity spe l
n g n r r an r r and un rm in l in g an d
,
m i m m
e an ng i s n aturally al ost i possibl e or to in sur e it w oul d t ake u p a life time but i s p obably
- r
,
,
of les s impo t a c e tha mi ht b e suppo se d Diffe e t ac ce tu atio p o u ci ati o spe lli
r n n g r n n n r n n n and n
.
, ,
occ ur for e vidently the same w ord in different p art s o f even the same langu age and coun try an d
,
,
f di ffe e t t im e s
or r n
.
I
m d
A con si derab le n u b er of ac cen ts an di acriti cal poin ts are gi ven in Par ts and I I ; but for
. .
I I I
the sak e of simplici ty m o stly omitte d i sub se que t
are n n r eferen ce s in the P arts t o VI a s
. . ,
m i
al o st un ne ce ssary n the case of w ords hav ing to be comp a ed with semi sava e la u e s
r - g ng ag
.
N N
I TRODUCTI O
.
E I U E
L
A M R C A N A N G A G S
.
M
The fe w Ame ic a w ite s th e subj e ct h ave favou ed the otio that the R d i Ame i c
r n r r on r n n e an n r a
i s m o e le ss ' ’ B a c oft i hi s “ R ace s of th e P aci fic C oast of A me i ca ” vol iii p 5 6 1
r or snz g ener es n r n r
: I . , , . . . ,
t says “ t i s t imp ob able th at the Malays Ch i e se d Jap a e se did at tim e s a iv e
e seq no r n an n rr
. , ,
alo the Pacifi c coast i umbe s suffi ci e t to i flu e ce l a u a e b ut hithe to A si ati c
n g n n r n n n n g g r no or
, ,
E u ope a la ua e u le ss the E skim o h as bee fou d i A me ic a d the E skimo athe
r n ng g n n n n r an are r r
, , ,
spe ci ally [ b th a t uly eithe A si ati c Ame i ca ” A ai “ b l imil iti if f e que t
lg/p er or ean n r r or r n g n ver a s ar es r n
, . , ,
e nou gh tend m erely to sh ow th at all lan guage s w ere co -rel at ed b ut in Ameri c a the y are e vi dently
, ,
”
ac cide tal d the l a ua e di sti ct
n an n g g n
, .
To show how easy i t w ould b e t o fo m f om a li st of w o ds u sele ss hy othe se s B a c oft i ve s
r r r p n r g a
, ,
b ief list of w o ds a alo ous both i m ea i d d f om u e late d ( i ) l a u a e s
r r n g n n ng an sorui r n r s c ng g e g
, , . .
“ F the Ge m a j we have the S h asta f k m the C om a che l ' f w t the
or r n a y a ; or o rn n czrn ; or e nen
L , ,
C o a i f h the T h d i F the ati l t the T h l ' f li
r ag e ne ; or t an epe u ana un or n ae var epe uana u c e ase ; or ngu a
, . , , , ,
t h q h th S th th
e M o u i ltnga ; for toga manna t e Kenai tog aaTi man For e an skrit da ere i s e
, , , . ,
C ora ta (give ) for eke the Miz tec cc (o ne ) ; for and the epe huan a mat (not) and the Maya ma (no) for
, ,
masa(m onth) the Pim a mahsa (moon) for tsc/tandra ( m oon ) the Kena i tsclzane (moon) for p ada (foot) the
, , ,
S k m d (l ) f kd (l ove ) th e S hosho e l - // (to love) f d t h e K i h (to d i k) ”
e u ne p o o eg or nza n eaina c L or p z p aa r n
,
I nter se B ancroft further adds in re gard to Ameri can Nati v e L an gu age s “ th e y are w on derfull y
, ,
ich d f ll of delic ate adu ati o s em a kable i su ch u cultivate d p e ople s The fe w Philolo i sts
r an u gr n r r n n g
.
who h av e studie d th e se la ua e s fi d they co tai c ommo cha acte i stic s that them selv e s
n g g n n n n r r are
,
O
p e c li a d yet ve y diffe e t f om the ld Wo l d L a u a e s some thou h pe h ap s mo e T u a i a
u r an r r n r r n g g g r r r n n
, , ,
lik e th a othe s yet occ asio ally h ave othi i comm o w ith e ach othe All h p othe se s to e xplai
n r n n n g n n r y n
, .
”
the se p e culi a itie s h ave so f bee u su c ce ssful
r ar n n
.
Wh it ey ” says B a c oft “ co si de s th e Ame ic a la ua e s the mo st ch a ef l of all
n n r n r r n n g g are ng u
, ,
O
huma fo ms of spee ch lo w o ds c omm o e xcep t pe hap s i the tomi The e stu e l a ua e
n r n g r are n r n g r n g g
.
, ,
“
i s ve y complete but the E kim o a di sti ct l a u a e ?
r ; s n ng g
B a c oft also v ol iii p 5 5 6 says th at “ th e Ame i ca la u a e s e e ally p o sse ss m u ch
n r r n n g g g n r
, . . . , ,
re duplicat i on or r epe tition s of the sam e syllabl e to e xpre ss plur al s ; the u se of fre quentative s and
,
du al s the appli catio of e de to the thi d p e so of th e ve b the di e ct co ve si o of ou s
; n g n r r r n r ; r n r n n n
,
sub sta ti ve d adj e ctive i to ve b s d the i co j u ati o s as su ch al so p e culi e e i c di sti cti o s
n an n r an r n g n ; ar g n r n n
, ,
a i si f om a sep a ati o of a imate f om i a im ate bei s ” ( se e also Schoolc aft)
r n g r r n n r n n n g r
. I
M allery says there are 5 8 lin gui sti c stock s an d abou t 300 diale cts in Am eri can n dian L angu age s ;
,
but Nadaillac says th at othe s h ave e stimate d them at f om 4 00 to 1 300 The se have h oweve be e
r r r n
. , ,
mo e e ce tly acco di to C a o C ook e duc ed to l famili e s
r r n r ng n n r e even
, , .
B c oft c o side s the e o ly th e at la ua e fam ili e s i No th Ame i c a v i z
an r n r r are n ree gr n g g n r r
,
1 The Ti h A th ab asc a ( No th We st)
nn e or n r
. , .
C e t al Ame ic a
n r r
.
Th e di alect s of th e Ti h family sh ow ma y w o ds i c omm o bu t t i the mo
nn e n r n n no n re
, .
ammati cal fo m I C alifo i a the diale ct s h opele ssly mi xe d d m co tai as befo e oticed
gr r n rn are an ay n n r n
. , , ,
O
som e ce a i c adm ixtu e
n r
.
“ The P im a ( C alifo i a) co tai s 1 5 c e t of M lay P oly e si a wo ds but Chi e se
rn n n per n a or n n r no n or
,
.
Jap a e se o e s The A zte c d T olte c d th e Nahu a A zte c the olde st la ua e of A ahu
n n an are one an or ng g n a
. , .
The A te c i s a ve y o i i al d domi t l a u a e d the la e C e t al Me i ca l t of A ahu a
z r r g n an n an n g g an rg n r x n p a eau n
,
was p ob ably the p imal ce t e of it The A z te c i s th e m ost p e fe ct d fi i she d of the Am e i c
r r n r r an n r an
.
l ua e s thou h w a ti i si x co so a t s b d f d s
ang g g n ng n n n n r g an
, , , , , , .
P t d
See rofessor Tylor’s Early His ory of Mankin ” as to Gesture Language pp 14-88
, , . .