Comparative Kurdish Politics in the Middle East: Actors, Ideas, and Interests PDF
Preview Comparative Kurdish Politics in the Middle East: Actors, Ideas, and Interests
COMPARATIVE KURDISH POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST ACTORS, IDEAS, AND INTERESTS Edited By Emel Elif Tugdar and Serhun Al Comparative Kurdish Politics in the Middle East Emel Elif Tugdar · Serhun Al Editors Comparative Kurdish Politics in the Middle East Actors, Ideas, and Interests Editors Emel Elif Tugdar Serhun Al Department of Politics İzmir University of Economics and International Balçova-İzmir, Turkey University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil, Iraq ISBN 978-3-319-53714-6 ISBN 978-3-319-53715-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53715-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017940378 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: © suc/gettyimages Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland C ontents Part I Actors 1 Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations and Non-Kurdish Actors: The Case of the Turkomans 3 Emel Elif Tugdar 2 Kurdish Political Parties in Syria: Past Struggles and Future Expectations 27 Bekir Halhalli Part II Ideas 3 Human Security Versus National Security: Kurds, Turkey and Syrian Rojava 57 Serhun Al 4 Kurdish Nationalist Organizations, Neighboring States, and “Ideological Distance” 85 F. Michael Wuthrich v vi CONTENTS 5 Statehood, Autonomy, or Unitary Coexistence? A Comparative Analysis of How Kurdish Groups Approach the Idea of Self-Determination 113 Cenap Çakmak Part III Interests 6 Islam and the Kurdish Peace Process in Turkey (2013–2015) 137 Ina Merdjanova 7 Ethnic Capital Across Borders and Regional Development: A Comparative Analysis of Kurds in Iraq and Turkey 163 Serhun Al and Emel Elif Tugdar 8 In Search of Futures: Uncertain Neoliberal Times, Speculations, and the Economic Crisis in Iraqi Kurdistan 185 Umut Kuruuzum 9 The Stateless and Why Some Gain and Others not: The Case of Iranian Kurdistan 201 Idris Ahmedi Conclusion 227 Index 233 e C ditors and ontributors About the Editors Emel Elif Tugdar holds the position of Assistant Professor and Chair in Department of Politics and International Relations at University of Kurdistan Hawler in Erbil/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from West Virginia University (USA). Her research agenda includes ethnopolitics, human rights, and politics of gender with a major focus on the Middle East, specifically Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan. Her email address is: [email protected]. Serhun Al is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Izmir University of Economics, Turkey. He holds a doctorate degree in Political Science from the University of Utah, USA. His research interests include politics of iden- tity, ethnic conflict, security studies, and social movements. His pri- mary geographical focus is on Turkey and the Kurds in the Middle East. He has widely published in journals such as Ethnopolitics, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, Nationalities Papers, Globalizations, Journal of International Relations and Development, and Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. His email address is: [email protected]. vii viii EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Contributors Idris Ahmedi holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Stockholm University, where he worked as a senior lecturer until 2015. He has been a visiting scholar at the Department of Government at Georgetown University, Washington D.C., and a tutor at the Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership at the Swedish Defense University. Currently, he serves as Senior Lecturer In Political Science at the School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University. He is also a member of the International Expert Group of the Olof Palme International Center (2016–2017). His email address is idris. [email protected]. Cenap Çakmak received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University in Global Affairs. He currently works as Professor of International Law and Politics at Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. Dr. Çakmak’s research inter- ests include international criminal law, human rights, and international affairs. His email address is [email protected]. Bekir Halhalli received his B.A. in International Relations from The American University of Cyprus in 2011 and his M.A. focused on Kurdish Question and Turkish Foreign Policy from the same University in 2013. He was an (Erasmus) exchange Ph.D. student at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia in 2014–2015. He is currently completing his Ph.D. in International Relations at Sakarya University. He has publica- tions written in English and Turkish in peer-reviewed academic jour- nals, as book chapters and conference papers. He is also author of “Arab Spring and The Kurds: The Paradox of Turkish Foreign Policy”. His cur- rent research interests include International Relations Theories, Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East and Kurdish Question. His email address is [email protected]. Umut Kuruuzum is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Anthropology in London School of Economics and Political Science. His research interests include political economy and cultural anthropology with a focus on Iraqi Kurds. His email address is [email protected]. Ina Merdjanova is a Senior Researcher and an Adjunct Assistant Professor in Religious Studies at the Irish School of Ecumenics, Trinity College Dublin. She had held visiting fellowships at Oxford University, Birmingham University, the Center for Advanced Studies in the EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ix Humanities at Edinburgh University, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC, the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences, the Central European University in Budapest, Radboud University in Nijmegen and Aleksanteri Institute at Helsinki University. Her recent publica- tions include Religion as a Conversation Starter: Interreligious Dialogue for Peacebuilding in the Balkans (with Patrice Brodeur; Continuum 2009), and Rediscovering the Umma: Muslims in the Balkans between Nationalism and Transnationalism (Oxford University Press 2013). Her email address is [email protected]. F. Michael Wuthrich is a Visiting Assistant Professor and Academic Director of the Global & International Studies Programs at the University of Kansas. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey in 2011. His articles have appeared in the International Journal of Middle East Studies, Middle East Journal, and Turkish Studies, among others. His book National Elections in Turkey: People, Politics, and the Party System was published by Syracuse University Press in July 2015. His email address is [email protected]. L f ist of igures Fig. 7.1 K.R.G.’s ranking in Turkey’s export 176 xi
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