Companion to Urban Design

732 Pages·2011·10.76 MB·English

Companion to Urban Design
Today the practice of urban design has forged a distinctive identity with applications at
many different scales ranging from the block or street scale to the scale of metropolitan and
regional landscapes. Urban design interfaces many aspects of contemporary public policy:
multiculturalism, healthy cities, environmental justice, economic development, climate
change, energy conservation, protection of natural environments, sustainable development,
community liveability, and the like. T he fi eld now comprises a core body of knowledge that
enfolds a rich history of ideas, paradigms, principles, tools, research, and applications,
enriched by eclectic infl uences from the humanities, and social and natural sciences.
Companion to Urban Design includes more than 50 original contributions from interna-
tionally recognized authorities in the fi eld. These contributions address the following
questions: what are the important ideas that have shaped the fi eld and the current practice
of urban design? What are the major methods and processes that have infl uenced the prac-
tice of urban design at various scales? What are the current innovations relevant to the
pedagogy of urban design? What are the lingering debates, confl icts and contradictions in
the theory and practice of urban design? How could urban design respond to the contem-
porary challenges of climate change, sustainability, active living initiatives, globalization,
and the like? What are the signifi cant disciplinary infl uences on the theory, research, and
practice of urban design in recent times?
There has never before been a more authoritative and comprehensive companion that
includes core, foundational, and pioneering ideas, and concepts of urban design. This book
serves as an invaluable guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students, future profes-
sionals, and practitioners interested in architecture, landscape architecture, and urban
planning, and also interested in urban studies, urban affairs, geography, and related fi elds.
Tridib Banerjee holds the James Irvine Chair in Urban and Regional Planning at the
University of Southern California School of Policy, Planning and Development. His
research focuses on the design and planning of the built environment and the related
human and social consequences. In particular, he is interested in the political economy of
urban development, and the effects of globalization in the transformation of urban form
and urbanism from a comparative international perspective.
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris is Professor of Urban Design at the University of California,
Los Angeles, Department of Urban Planning. Her research focuses on the public environ-
ment of the city, its design, social meaning, and impact on urban residents. In particular,
her work is characterized by a “user focus” in that she seeks to analyze and understand the
built environment from the perspective of those who live and work there.

Companion to Urban
Design
Edited by
Tridib Banerjee and
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris
First published 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2011 Tridib Banerjee and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris; individual chapters the
contributors
The right of Tridib Banerjee and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris to be identifi ed as editors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and
Patent Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders for their permission to reprint
selections in this book. The publisher s would be grateful to hear from any copyright
holder who is not here acknowledged and will undertake to rectify any errors or
omissions in future editions of this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Companion to Urban Design / edited by Tridib Banerjee and Anastasia Loukaitou-
Sideris.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. City planning. I. Banerjee, Tridib. II. Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, 1958– III. Title:
Urban design.
HT165.5.C647 2010
307.1′216–dc22 2010008403
ISBN 0-203-84443-2 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-55364-3 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-203-84443-4 (ebk)
Contents
List of fi gures x
List of tables xiii
List of contributors xiv
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction - urban design 1
Part 1: Roots 7
Introduction
1 From CIAM to CNU: the roots and thinkers of modern urban design 9
Eugénie L. Birch

2 The open and the enclosed: shifting paradigms in modern urban design 30
Robert Fishman
3 Pedagogical traditions 41
Danilo Palazzo
Part 2: Theoretical perspectives 53
Introduction
4 Urban design: an incompletely theorized project 57
Niraj Verma
5 The two orders of cybernetics in urban form and design 70
M. Christine Boyer
v
CONTENTS
6 Urban design and spatial political economy 84
Alexander Cuthbert
7 Critical urbanism: space, design, revolution 97
Kanishka Goonewardena
Part 3: Infl uences 109
Introduction
8 Urban design and the traditions of geography 113
Larry R. Ford
9 Infl uences of sociology on urban design 125
William Michelson
10 Infl uences of anthropology on urban design 137
Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga
11 Feminist approaches to urban design 150
Kristen Day
12 Environmental psychology and urban design 162
Jack L. Nasar
13 The law of urban design 175
Jerold S. Kayden
14 Political theory and urban design 186
Margaret Kohn

15 Interactions between public health and urban design 198
Marlon G. Boarnet and Lois M. Takahashi
16 Urban design and the cinematic arts 208
Rafael E. Pizarro
Part 4: Technologies and methods 219
Introduction
17 Design studios 223
Kathryn H. Anthony
18 Media tools for urban design 238
Martin H. Krieger
vi
CONTENTS
19 Visualizing change: simulation as a decision making tool 249
Peter Bosselmann
20 City design in the age of digital ubiquity 261
Eran Ben-Joseph
Part 5: Process 275
Introduction
21 Customs, norms, rules, regulations, and standards in design practice 277
William C. Baer
22 Decoding design guidance 288
Matthew Carmona
23 Urban design competitions 304
Ute Lehrer
24 The design charrette 317
Douglas S. Kelbaugh
25 Citizen design: participation and beyond 329
Jeffrey Hou
Part 6: Components 341
Introduction
26 Downtown urban design 345
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Tridib Banerjee
27 Suburbs: rus in urbe, the picturesque, and selfhood 356
John Archer
28 Planned communities and new towns 369
Ann Forsyth
29 Neighborhood spaces: design innovations and social themes 379
Ajay Garde
30 Spaces of consumption 391
Klaus R. Kunzmann
31 Cultural institutions: the role of urban design 405
Carl Grodach
vii
CONTENTS
32 Streets and the public realm: emerging designs 419
Elizabeth Macdonald
33 Mixed-life places 432
Mark Francis
34 Urban fl ux 446
Gary Hack
Part 7: Debates 463
Introduction
35 Compactness vs. sprawl 467
Reid Ewing, Keith Bartholomew, and Arthur C. Nelson
36 Living together or apart: social mixing, social exclusion, and gentrifi cation 484
Ali Madanipour
37 Beyond placelessness: place identity and the global city 495
Michael Southworth and Deni Ruggeri
38 Old vs. new urbanism 510
Ivonne Audirac
39 Form-based codes vs. conventional zoning 526
Emily Talen
Part 8: Global trends 537

Introduction
40 City branding 541
Jon Lang
41 From metropolitan to regional urbanization 552
Edward W. Soja
42 Ethnoscapes 562
Clara Irazábal
43 Urban design for a planet of informal cities 574
Vinit Mukhija
viii
CONTENTS
Part 9: New directions 585
Introduction
44 Postmodern and integral urbanism 589
Nan Ellin
45 Ecological urbanism 600
Anne Whiston Spirn
46 Metropolitan form and landscape urbanism 611
Brenda Scheer
47 Intertwist and intertwine: sustainability, meet urban design 619
Randolph T. Hester and Marcia J. McNally
48 Smart growth: a critical review of the state of the art 632
Aseem Inam
49 Notes on transit-oriented development 644
Stefanos Polyzoides
50 Placemaking in urban design 654
Kathy Madden
51 Secure cities 663
Carolyn Whitzman
52 Design for resilient cities: refl ections from a studio 674
Mahyar Arefi

Epilogue 686
Index 689
ix