Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM i Community Music at the Boundaries Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 4:39 PM 248 This page intentionally left blank Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM iii Lee Willingham, editor Community Music at the Boundaries Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM iv Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. This work was supported by the Research Support Fund. an Ontario government agency Funded by the Government of Canada un organisme du gouvernement de l’Ontario Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Community music at the boundaries / Lee Willingham, editor. Names: Willingham, Lee, editor. Description: Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20200298550 | Canadiana (ebook) 20200298623 | ISBN 9781771124577 (softcover) | ISBN 9781771124584 (EPUB) | ISBN 9781771124591 (PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Community music—History and criticism. | LCSH: Music— Social aspects. Classification: LCC ML3916 .C734 2021 | DDC 780—dc23 Cover design by Martyn Schmoll. Text design by Angela Booth Malleau. © 2021 Wilfrid Laurier University Press Waterloo, Ontario, Canada www.wlupress.wlu.ca This book is printed on FSC recycled paper and is certified Ecologo. It is made from 100% post- consumer fibre, processed chlorine free, and manufactured using biogas energy. Printed in Canada Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright mate- rial used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher’s attention will be corrected in future printings. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit http://www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777. Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM v CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables ix Territorial Acknowledgement xi Foreword: On the Scholarship of Boundary Walking xiii Roger Mantie Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 Lee Willingham PART I COMMUNITY MUSIC: WALKING THE BOUNDARIES OF CONTEXTS AND BORDERS chapter 1 The Problem of Community: What Does It Really Mean 7 to Be Inclusive? Deanna Yerichuk and Justis Krar chapter 2 Words of Choice: Challenging A Discourse of Disadvantage and Social Change in Community Music 26 Kathleen Turner chapter 3 Collaborative Musical Experiences with Urban Families Experiencing Homelessness in the United States 46 Lindsey G. Castellano chapter 4 Mind the Gap! 72 Dave Camlin chapter 5 The Borders Are Open: Community Music in Higher Education 96 Glen Carruthers v Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM vi vi Contents PART II COMMUNITY MUSIC: WALKING THE BOUNDARIES OF EDUCATION, ENSEMBLES, AND CHANGING PARADIGMS chapter 6 Do, Review, Improve: Establishing a Framework for Quality Delivery within the Community Music Sector 109 Phil Mullen chapter 7 A Music Educator’s Journey toward Addressing Gender Barriers in Music Education (A Non-Researcher’s Research and What Happened Next) 127 Elizabeth Parker-Cook chapter 8 Music-Making Opportunities for Children from Underserved Populations: Impact and Transformations through Community Youth Orchestras 141 Christine D’Alexander chapter 9 Time to Face the Music? Possibilities for Community Music with Older Adults 155 Donald D. Coffman and William M. Dabback chapter 10 And the Melody Lingers On: Building Social Capital through Community Music Participation 171 Annie Mitchell chapter 11 Mindfulness and Empathetic Considerations for Music Ensemble Directing 185 Brent Rowan chapter 12 Musica per Tutti – Community Music as Meaningful, Emancipatory, and Affirming Alternatives to Formal Music Education in Italy 194 Antonella Coppi and Johann van der Sandt chapter 13 Music Technology as an Intuitive and Inclusive Pathway to Musical Thinking, Learning, and Doing 216 Gena Greher chapter 14 Dreaming Big with the Regent Park School of Music 229 Richard Marsella chapter 15 Creative Community Composition 240 Pete Moser Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM vii Contents vii PART III COMMUNITY MUSIC: SEEKING RELATIONSHIPS WITH INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES chapter 16 Community Music at the Cultural Interface: What the Experiences of Working alongside First Peoples Can Bring to Our Understandings of Community Music 249 Brydie-Leigh Bartleet chapter 17 Song as the Catalyst That Promotes Envisioning Ethical Spaces 260 Kelly Laurila chapter 18 The Sacred Canoe: The Search for Truth and Reconciliation through Cultural Partnership 274 Glenn Marais PART IV COMMUNITY MUSIC: WALKING THE BOUNDARIES OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS chapter 19 Processing Refugee Journey and Promoting Self-Healing with Music and Art 289 Heidi Ahonen chapter 20 Musical Identities, Personal Identities: Performance for 315 Children with Disabilities Elizabeth Mitchell chapter 21 Music Care and the Aging Population: The Room 217 Story 334 Bev Foster chapter 22 Finding Our Music, Strengthening Care: A Case for Baseline Music Care Training 350 Sarah Pearson chapter 23 The Circle of Music Intergenerational Choir: Bridging 365 the Generations Sasha Judelson PART V COMMUNITY MUSIC: WALKING THE BOUNDARIES OF PRISONS chapter 24 Life within These Walls: Community Music-Making as a Bridge of Healing and Transformation in Prison Contexts 383 Mary Cohen, Johnathan Kana, and Richard Winemiller chapter 25 Creative Conversations with Justice and Arts Scotland 402 Kirstin Anderson Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM viii viii Contents chapter 26 Exploring the Boundaries of Community Music: Tales of a Piano Journey inside a Female Prison 409 Inês Lamela, Paulo Rodrigues, and Graça Mota chapter 27 “The Song Bird House”: Clinical Applications of Music Therapy as a Central Source Of “Community” in a Women’s Federal Prison 429 Rebekah Jordan-Miller PART VI COMMUNITY MUSIC: WALKING THE BOUNDARIES OF CULTURAL IDENTITY chapter 28 At the Panyard, in the Calypso Tent, on the Soca Stage: Exploring “Ideal” Identity through Community Music Activities during Carnival in Grenada, West Indies 445 Danielle Sirek chapter 29 Reclaiming Worship: Community Music Practices and Their Application to the Music-Making in the Anabaptist Mennonite Church 461 Brandon Leis chapter 30 “If you don’t change you get left behind”: Playing in the Banda Italiana Musicale Vincenzo Bellini in Melbourne, Australia 482 Jane Southcott and Leon de Bruin chapter 31 Remembering a Hard Life with Joy: Music-Making among Korean Elders 498 Elisha Jo Heesun, Kari K. Veblen, and Patrick J. Potter chapter 32 Music as Gift: Ethical Exchange through Intercultural Improvisation 511 Gerard Yun Postscript 527 Lee Higgins Bibliography 529 List of Contributors 591 Index 599 Willingham: Community Music March 3, 2021 5:03 PM ix LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES figure 3.1 Adapted Bronfenbrenner (1979) model 53 figure 3.2 Developed Bronfenbrenner (1979) model 54 figure 3.3 Self-portrait, thirteen-year-old Talia’s musical-self 56 figure 3.4 Self-portrait, mother of five Deandra’s musical-self 56 figure 3.5 Self-portrait, six-year-old Jason’s musical-self 57 figure 3.5.1 Self-portrait, six-year-old Jason and five-year-old Ray’s musical-selves 58 figure 3.5.2 Self-portrait five-year-old Ray’s musical-self 58 figure 3.6 Self-portrait, Ray and his father Jim’s musical-selves 59 figure 3.7 Self-portrait, twelve-year-old Tammy’s musical-self 60 figure 3.8 Self-portrait, eleven-year-old Annie’s musical-self 60 figure 3.8.1 Self-portrait, back of Annie’s drawing and her sister Talia’s musical-self 61 figure 3.9 Individual within the context of the community music program 67 figure 4.1 Time Spent on Musical Activities 80 figure 4.2 Income Derived from Musical Activities 81 table 5.1 Applications to university music programs in Ontario, 2012–15 99 figure 5.1 Proportion of core music programs devoted to various subjects (Brock University and University of Ottawa) 101 table 9.1 NHIMA participants, demographics 160 table 9.2 NHIMA participants, age by gender 161 figure 11.1 Music ensemble 188 table 11.1 Director dos and don’ts 193 ix