Community languages in the Netherlands PDF
Preview Community languages in the Netherlands
COMMUNITY LANGUAGES IN THE NETHERLANDS EUROPEAN STUDIES ON M ultilingualism EDITORS Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven Tilburg University, The Netherlands EDITORIAL B OARD ( provisional) Ulrich Ammon (Duisburg, Germany) Lenore Negrin Amberg (Stockholm, Sweden) Hugo Baetens Beardsmore (Brussels, Belgium) Vivian Edwards (Reading, Great Britain) Koen Jaspaert (Leuven, Belgium) Bemhard Ketteman (Graz, Austria) Georges Lüdi (Basel, Switzerland) Aldo di L uzio (Konstanz, Germany) Andrina Pavlinic-Wolf (Zagreb, Republic of Croatia) Häkan Ringbom (Abo, Finland) Miquel Siguan (Barcelona, Spain) David Singleton (Dublin, Ireland) Tatiana Tabolina (Moscow, Russia) Traute Taeschner (Roma, Italy) Daniel Veronique (Aix-en-Provence, France) Aims and Scope The series seeks to promote the dissemination of empirical research evidence on the use of more than one language in E urope. The focus is on majority and minority language use at the level ofindividual and society, and derives from the interdisciplinary approaches oflinguistics, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and education. Processes oflanguage acquisition, language shift, language loss and the consequences of multilingualism far such areas as education and language policy are taken into account. Volumel Talking about people. A multiple case study on adult language acquisition Peter B roeder VoIume2 Multilingual Spain Miquel Siguan VoIume3 Community languages in the Netherlands Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven (eds.) EUROPEAN STUDIES ON M u ltilingualism 3 COMMUNITY LANGUAGES IN THE NETHERLANDS Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven (editors) University of Tilburg, The Netherlands @ Taylor & F rancis ..,.." Taylor & Francis G roup LONDON A ND NEWYORK Published by Taylor & Franeis 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN 52 VanderbiltAvenue, NewYorkNY 10017 Transferred to Digital Printing 2007 Library of Congress Calaloging-in-Publicalion Dala [applied for] Cip-gegevens K oninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Community Community languages in the Netherlands / ed. by Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven. -Amsterdam [ete.] : Taylor & Francis. -(European studies on multilingualism, ISSN 0926-6461 ; 3) -Met lit. opg. ISBN 90-265-1360-7 Trefw.: tweetaligheid ; Nederland Cover design: Rob Molthoff © 1993 Taylor & Franeis All rights reserved. No part of t his publication may be reproduced, stored in a ret rieval system, or transmitted, in any f orm or b y any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or o therwise, without the prior w ritten permission ofthe p u blisher. ISBN 90 265 1360 7 Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality ofthis reprint but points out that some imperfeetions in the original may be apparent Acknowledgements We owe special gratitude to Jetske Folmer, Pieter Nieuwint, Anneke Smits, Andree Tingloo, Hans Verhulst and Mare Virtullo for their support in the process of preparing this volume. Guus Extra and Ludo Verhoeven Contents 1. Community languages in cross-cultural perspective Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven 1 2. Frisian Jehannes Ytsma & Sikko de Jong 29 3. Surinamese languages Geert Koefoed & Satya Jadoenandansing 51 4. Papiamento Hetty Kook & Goretti Narain 69 5. Malay Egbert Tahitu 93 6. Turkish, Kurdish and other languages from Turkey Hendrik Boeschoten, Margreet Dorleijn & Michiel Leezenberg 109 7. Moroccan Arabic and Berber Roel Otten & Jan Jaap de Ruiter 143 8. Serbian and Croatian Jadranka Gvozdanovic 175 9. ltalian Vincenzo Lo Cascio 193 10. Spanish Moniek van Esch 227 11. Portuguese Marian Schoenmakers Klein Gunnewiek 253 12. Chinese Frank Pieke & Marinus van den Berg 279 13. Vietnamese Truong Van Binh 301 Authors and Affiliations 319 1 Community languages in cross-cultural perspecti ve Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven The focus of this introduction is on the international, socio-political, linguistic and educational context of ethnic communities and their language varieties in the Netherlands. The international context is out lined from the perspective of ethnic minority concepts, first and second language use, and patterns of language shift over time. Moreover, policy definitions and current statistics of ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands are discussed. In the following sections, major trends in Dutch research on community languages and cross-cuItural evidence on reported vs observed use of community languages at Dutch schools are presented. Next, different approaches to horne language instruction for ethnic minority children are considered in terms of their causes and effects. Finally, an outline of the present volume is given. The international context Ethnic minority concepts As a consequence of socio-economically or politically determined processes of immigration, the traditional patterns of language variation across Europe have changed considerably over the past decades. Many industrialized European countries show evidence of a growing number of immigrant populations which differ widely, both from a cultural and from a linguistic point of view, from the mainstream indigenous popula tion. It has been estimated that in the year 2000, one third of the population under the age of 35 in urban Europe will have an immigrant background. Within European Community countries, four major immi grant groups can be distinguished: people from Mediterranean EC countries, from Mediterranean non-EC countries, from former colonial
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