Community Counseling: A Multicultural-Social Justice Perspective, 4th Edition PDF
Preview Community Counseling: A Multicultural-Social Justice Perspective, 4th Edition
LEWIS LEWIS DANIELS D’ANDREA Your helping hands in the helping professions GET THE BEST GRADE IN THE SHORTEST TIME POSSIBLE! Visit CengageBrain.com to view more than 10,000 print, digital, and audio study tools. COMMUNITY COUNSELING A Multicultural -Social Justice Perspective FOURTH EDITION To learn more about Brooks/Cole, visit www.cengage.com/brookscole Purchase any of our products at your local college store or JUDITH A. LEWIS MICHAEL D. LEWIS JUDY A. DANIELS MICHAEL J. D’ANDREA at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com 9780495903352_cvr_se.indd 1 SE/Lewis, Community Counseling, 4 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90335-2 ©2011 Designer: Gia Giasullo 9780495903352_cvr_se.indd 1 8/25/10 6:01 PM Text and cover printer: RRD Binding: Casebound Trim: 6.375" x 9.125" CMYK 8/25/10 6:01 PM FOURTH EDITION COMMUNITY COUNSELING This page intentionally left blank Community Counseling A Multicultural-Social Justice Perspective FOU R T H E D I T I O N JUDITH A. LEWIS Governors State University, ret. MICHAEL D. LEWIS Governors State University, ret. JUDY A. DANIELS University of Hawaii at Manoa MICHAEL J. D’ANDREA National Institute for Multicultural Competence Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially a ffect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. 52609_00_fm_pi-pxxvi.indd i 2/1/10 11:37:43 PM Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Community Counseling: © 2011, 2003 by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning A Multicultural-Social Justice ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the Perspective, Fourth Edition copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used Judith A. Lewis, Michael D. Lewis, in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, Judy A. Daniels, and Michael including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, J. D’Andrea digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or Publisher/Executive Editor: Linda information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, Schreiber-Ganster without the prior written permission of the publisher. Acquisitions Editor: Seth Dobrin Editorial Assistant: Rachel For product information and technology assistance, McDonald contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, Marketing Coordinator: Gurpreet 1-800-354-9706 Saran For permission to use material from this text or product, Marketing Communications submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Manager: Tami Strang Further permissions questions can be emailed to To all the counselors and other mental health professionals who work hard to foster their clients’ psychological empowerment and personal well-being by promoting social justice in our society. Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents PREFACE xii i ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvi Chapter 1 Community Counseling for the 21st Century 1 21st-Century Community Counseling: Fundamental Assumptions 4 Environmental Contexts 4 Client Strengths and Resources 6 Multiculturalism 8 The Link between Individual and Community Development 9 Community Counseling Defined 9 Community 10 Multicultural Competence 11 Social Justice 12 Healthy Development of Clients and Communities 13 Community Counseling Strategies 14 Facilitating Human Development: Focused Strategies 15 Facilitating Human Development: Broad-Based Strategies 16 Facilitating Community Development: Focused Strategies 17 Facilitating Community Development: Broad-Based Strategies 18 A Unified Approach 18 Summary 19 References 21 v Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi CON T E N T S Chapter 2 The Evolution of the Community Counseling Model 23 A People’s History of the Counseling Profession 25 The Progressive Movement 27 Jesse Davis: The Genesis of School Guidance Counseling 28 Frank Parsons: The Father of the Counseling Profession 28 The Mental Hygiene Movement 29 The 1910s and 1920s 30 The Impact of World War I 31 The 1920s–1930s 31 Dealing with the Challenges of the Great Depression 32 The 1940s–1950s 33 The Impact of Carl Rogers’s Counseling Theory 33 Advocating Governmental Support for World War II Veterans 34 Extending Vocational Counseling Services to Women During the 1940s 35 The Development of New Counseling Organizations in the 1950s 36 Unprecedented Growth of Counselor Education Programs in the 1950s 37 The 1960s and 1970s 38 Lessons Learned 39 New Developmental Counseling Approaches 39 Broadening the Counseling Profession’s Perspective and Effectiveness 40 The Passage of the Community Mental Health Centers Act 40 Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) in the 1970s 41 The 1980s and 1990s 42 The Continued Professionalization of Counseling 43 Acknowledging Professional Contradictions 44 The Rise of the Multicultural Counseling Competency Movement 45 New School Counseling Initiatives in the 1990s 46 Counselors for Social Justice (CSJ) 47 Summary 48 References 50 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. C O N T E N T S vii Chapter 3 Counseling in Context 53 The RESPECTFUL Counseling Framework 53 Religious/Spiritual Identity 54 Economic Class Background 55 Sexual Identity 56 Psychological Maturity 57 Ethnic/Racial Identity 57 Chronological/Developmental Challenges 58 Trauma and Other Threats to One’s Well-Being 59 Family Background and History 60 Unique Physical Characteristics 60 Location of Residence and Language Differences 61 Relevance of the RESPECTFUL Framework 61 The RESPECTFUL Counseling Model and Counselor Self-Assessment 62 Assessment 62 The Collaborative Approach to Assessment 63 Strengths-Based Assessment 65 Balancing Demands and Resources 66 Client Conceptualization 67 Minority Identity Development 70 Counseling Approaches with a Social Justice Orientation 73 Empowerment-Focused Counseling 74 Ecological Counseling 77 Feminist Counseling and Therapy 79 Relational-Cultural Therapy 83 Summary 84 References 85 Chapter 4 Outreach to Distressed and Marginalized Clients 90 Addressing Community-Wide Trauma 91 Multicultural Competence 91 Community Recovery 93 Addressing Personal Crises 94 Definition of Crisis 94 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. viii CON T E N T S The Phases of Crisis 95 Suicide Prevention 97 Addressing Difficult Transitions 99 Model Outreach Programs 101 Reaching Out to Marginalized Populations 115 Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Latinos/Latinas: The Inquilinos Boricuas en Acción 116 Gaza Community Mental Health Programme 118 Brazilian Institute for Innovations in Public Health (IBISS) 120 Summary 121 References 123 Chapter 5 Developmental/Preventive Interventions 127 An Equation for Psychological Health 127 A Rationale for Prevention 129 Multicultural Considerations 130 Conceptualizations of Stress 131 The Cultural Specificity of Stress Reactions 132 The Universality of Stress Reactions 133 Stress Management Interventions 133 Altering the Environment 134 Altering Cognitive Responses to Stress 134 Lifestyle Changes 135 Altering Physiological Responses to Stress 136 The Stress Management Workshop 138 Health Promotion/Wellness Programs 139 Surviving Cancer Competently Intervention Program 141 Team Awareness 141 Wellness Outreach at Work 142 Botvin Life Skills Training Health & Wellness Program 142 Parenting and Family-Focused Programs 143 Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) 143 Strengthening Families Program 144 Parenting Programs 144 Life Skills Training: Promoting Personal Competence 145 Effectiveness of Life Skills Training Programs 146 Promoting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies 147 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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