“Isaac’s brilliant introduction and the insightful interpretations by contemporary political thinkers make a convincing case for the continued relevance of the Manifesto for our age of globalization. Two thumbs up!”–Manfred B. Steger, author of The Rise of the Global Imaginary “By reminding us of the Manifesto’s democratic urgency, Jeffrey Isaac rips Marx and Engels’s masterpiece out of its scholarly retirement and restores it to its rightful place at the centre of our political understanding.”–Marc Stears, author of Demanding Democracy: American Radicals in Search of a New Politics “A first-rate new edition of the Communist Manifesto, perfect for the Rethinking the Western Tradition series and for these times. Isaac’s superb opening essay belongs in the pantheon of great introductions to classic works of political theory, and the other contributions, which are excellent, have been thoughtfully commissioned to demonstrate the continuing vitality of the text.”–Elisabeth Ellis, author of Provisional Politics: Kantian Arguments in Policy Context “A valuable edition. Its incorporation of four high-caliber interpretational essays alongside all of Marx and Engels’s various prefaces to the Communist Manifesto should raise the level of scholarly debate.”–Paul Thomas, author of Karl Marx and the Anarchists “The Communist Manifesto remains one of the most influential political texts ever written–but also one of the most controversial. Just when it seemed safe to consign Marx’s ideas to the historical dustbin, globalization’s savage inequalities arose to render his insights more relevant than ever. The pathbreaking essays assembled by Jeffrey Isaac in the present volume do justice to both sides of the equation, portraying Marxism’s cogency as well as its undeniable political hazards.”–Richard Wolin, author of The Wind from the East: French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution, and the Legacy of the 1960s “The Manifesto is part of modernity’s literary canon, but the nuanced brilliance and diverse elaborations of this volume’s commentaries make this collection critical reading for those who engage our alternative futures.”–Michael D. Kennedy, author of Cultural Formations of Postcommunism: Emancipation, Transition, Nation and War Rethinking the Western Tradition The volumes in this series seek to address the present debate over the Western tradition by reprinting key works of that tradition along with essays that evaluate each text from different perspectives. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE FOR Rethinking the Western Tradition David Bromwich Yale University Gerald Graff University of Illinois at Chicago Gary Saul Morson Northwestern University Ian Shapiro Yale University Steven B. Smith Yale University The Communist Manifesto KARL MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS Edited and with an Introduction by Jeffrey C. Isaac with essays by Steven Lukes Stephen Eric Bronner Vladimir Tismaneanu Saskia Sassen Copyright © 2012 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. office) or [email protected] (U.K. office). Set in Times Roman type by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marx, Karl, 1818–1883. [Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei. English] The Communist manifesto / Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; edited and with an introduction by Jeffrey C. Isaac; with essays by Steven Lukes . . . [et al.]. p. cm. – (Rethinking the Western tradition) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-12302-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-300-12301-2 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Communism. 2. Marx, Karl, 1818–1883. Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei. I. Engels, Friedrich, 1820–1895. II. Isaac, Jeffrey C., 1957– III. Lukes, Steven. IV. Title. HX39.5.A5213 2012 335.4’22–dc23 2011045266 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Stephen Eric Bronner is professor (II) of political science, comparative literature, and German studies at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Jeffrey C. Isaac is James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, and editor in chief of Perspectives on Politics. Steven Lukes is professor of politics and sociology at New York University. Saskia Sassen is Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology at Columbia University. Vladimir Tismaneanu is professor of government and politics at University of Maryland, College Park. For Ray and Peter, who first kindled my interested in Marx, and for Margot, who rekindled it, and much else What has happened has happened. The water You once poured into the wine cannot be Drained off again, but Everything changes. You can make A fresh start with your final breath. —BERTOLT BRECHT, “Everything Changes” Contents Acknowledgments Introduction: Rethinking the Communist Manifesto, by Jeffrey C. Isaac A Note on the Texts Preliminary Drafts of the Communist Manifesto Friedrich Engels, “Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith” (1847) Friedrich Engels, “Principles of Communism” (1847) The Text of the Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto Appendix: Prefaces to Various Language Editions Preface to the German Edition of 1872 Preface to the Russian Edition of 1882 Preface to the German Edition of 1883 Preface to the English Edition of 1888 Preface to the German Edition of 1890 Preface to the Polish Edition of 1892 Preface to the Italian Edition of 1893 Essays The Morals of the Manifesto, by Steven Lukes The Communist Manifesto: Between Past and Present, by Stephen Eric Bronner Reflections on the Fate of Marxism in Eastern Europe: Fulfillment or Bastardization? by Vladimir Tismaneanu Marxism and Globalization: Revisiting the Political in the Communist