COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH - Textbooks Online

376 Pages·2006·0.82 MB·English

COMMUNICATIVE
ENGLISH
HIGHER SECONDARY - SECOND YEAR
Untouchability is a sin
Untouchability is a crime
Untouchability is inhuman
TAMILNADU
TEXTBOOK CORPORATION
College Road, Chennai – 600 006.
© Government of Tamilnadu
First Edition - 2005
Reprint - 2006
Chairperson
Rev. Dr. FRANCIS M. PETER S J
Dept. of English, Loyola College, Chennai - 600 034.
Overall Reviewer
Thiru S.GOMATHINATHAN
Special Officer, ELT / Reader, D.T.E.R.T. (Retired)
W–5 (Old 302), 19th Street,AnnanagarWestern Extension, Chennai-600 101
Reviewers :
Thiru. R. Venkata Krishnan Prof. R. Sankara Subramanian
Principal Department of English
T.I. School Govt.Arts College (Autonomous)
Ambattur, Chennai Nandanam, Chennai
Authors :
Ms.Priscilla Josephine Sarah S M.Arappan
ELT Consultant Senior Lecturer (Rtd.)
W-5 (Old 302), 19th Street DIET
Anna Nagar Western Extension Thirumurthy Nagar
Chennai Coimbatore Dist.
Mrs. Nalini Parthiban Dr. R. Palani
Principal (Rtd.) Reader in English
Vanavani Matric. Hr. Sec. Bharathidasan University
School, Chennai Trichy
Mrs. Nirmala Jairaj Mrs. K. Leena Anil
Language Consultant Research Scholar
Chetpet, Chennai Chennai
This book has been prepared by The Directorate of
School Education on behalf of the Government of Tamilnadu
This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M. Paper
Printed by Web Offset at :
Nathan & Company, Chennai - 600 042.
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM
FULL VERSION
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjaba-Sindhu-Gujarata-Maratha-
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchhala-jaladhi-taranga
Tava Subha name jage,
Tava Subha asisa mage,
Gahe tava jaya-gatha.
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he
Jaya jaya, jaya, jaya he.
SHORTVERSION
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he
Jaya jaya, jaya, jaya he.
AUTHENTIC ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF
THE NATIONALANTHEM
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Thou dispenser of India’s destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of the Punjab, Sind,
Gujarat and Maratha, of Dravid, Orissa and Bengal.
It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas,
mingles in the music of the Yamuna and Ganges
and is chanted by the waves of the Indian Sea.
They pray for Thy blessings and sing Thy praise
The saving of all people waits in Thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India’s destiny.
Victory,Victory,Victory to Thee.
iii
THE NATIONAL INTEGRATION PLEDGE
“I solemnly pledge to work with dedication to preserve and
strengthen the freedom and integrity of the nation.”
“I further affirm that I shall never resort to violence and
that all differences and disputes relating to religion, language,
region or other political or economic grievances should be settled
by peaceful and constitutional means.”
INVOCATIONTO GODDESS TAMIL
Bharat is like the face beauteous of Earth clad in wavy seas;
Deccan is her brow crescent-like on which the fragrant
‘Tilak’ is the blessed Dravidian land.
Like the fragrance of that ‘Tilak’ plunging the world in joy
supreme reigns Goddess Tamil with renown spread far and wide.
Praise unto ‘You, Goddess Tamil, whose majestic
youthfulness, inspires awe and ecstasy.
iv
PREFACE
Someone has said,
‘If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception,
I would choose to keep the power of speech,
For, by it I would regain all the rest.’
This book is an extension of standard XI communicative
English book.
Why this book on communicative English?
Communicative ability in English today in the highly
competitive world is your biggest asset if you are proficient. Not
being proficient it will be the biggest liability.The difference no
matter what your occupation, your success depends to a great extent
on your ability to communicate. It gives a deciding edge over a
candidate at odds with his skills. The book offers you the deciding
edge.
Language is much more than a list of words and their forms
and meanings as found in the Dictionaries and of structures and
systems as defined in grammar books. The book tells you in
unambiguous terms that language is not an artefact but a natural
phenomenon, an effective social instrument.
Through this book you will realise that communicative
competence is not only the ability to apply the grammatical rules
of the language and form correct sentences, but also to know how
when and where to use the sentences. It also gives you an idea of
the topics to be talked about in different types of speech events
and writing.
One point which we want to stress is that it is important not
only to speak a language fluently but also to speak it accurately
and convincingly.
v
Is it not a fact that one of the hallmarks of an achiever is to
make a lasting impression with his language ability upon a person
he meets?
This book, used properly, will help you to maintain a
comfortable and cordial social relationship with all the people.
This book is offered with confidence that it will supply in full
measure that linguistic inputs that are required for you to use the
language to be at ease with all the people and in all situations.
I am sure that both the teachers and the students are in for an
exciting but exacting linguistic journey.
- Overall reviewer
vi
CONTENTS
MAIN MODULES Page
1. ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL PURPOSES
(cid:2)Functions in English 1
(cid:2)English for all purposes and seasons 31
(cid:2)English for Specific purposes and Fields 79
2. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
(cid:2)Within the Classroom 193
(cid:2)Communicative Grammar 215
3. ENGLISH FOR OCCUPATIONAL
PURPOSES 256
4. ENGLISH FOR CREATIVE PURPOSES 275
SUPPLEMENTARY MODULES
1. Letters 308
2. Usage 327
3. Idioms 347
APPENDIX 358
vii
MAIN MODULES
viii
ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL
PURPOSES –
FUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH
FUNCTIONS DEALTWITH IN THIS MODULE
UNIT I - Asking for and showing preference
UNIT II - Inviting, accepting an invitation and
declining an invitation
UNIT III - Offering, accepting and declining help
UNIT IV - Asking someone to say something again
UNITV - Seeking, granting and refusing permission
UNITVI - Expressing sympathy
UNITVII - Giving reasons
UNITVIII - Encouraging and enquiring after someone
UNIT IX - Asking if/Saying that one is obliged to do
something
1
UNIT I
ASKING FOR AND SHOWING
PREFERENCE
WARM UP
Indian government prefers negotiation to confrontation
with Pakistan for solving the Kashmir problem.
Discuss -
1) What do we mean by ‘negotiation’ and ‘confrontation’?
2) Why does the Indian government prefer negotiation to
confrontation?
LET’S ROLE PLAY
In a stationery shop
Student : Have you got pens?
Shopkeeper : Would you like a ball pen or a micro tipped
one?
Student : I prefer a micro tipped pen.
Shopkeeper : What colour do you want?
Student : I want green.
Shopkeeper : Here are some green colour pens. You can
choose from them.
Student : (Chooses a pen) How much does this pen cost?
Shopkeeper : Cello pen? This costs Rs.11/-
Student : Here you are.
Shopkeeper : Thank you.
2