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COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPTEMBER 1993 ISSN 0822-0638 EDITORIAL individual accommodations to the remuneration one receives. SHIRLEY McNAUGHTON life’s realities surface. Paul We have learned that the effect of PETER LINDSAY Marshall, Nola Millin and Kari one’s contribution can often We knew that the topic of Harrington, offer us insights into provide much greater fulfillment. Employmenfto r AAC users was the thinking they have done It is gratifying to be reminded of complex. We knew also that personally and the adaptations this by our consumer associate Contributing to the Community they have made in order to editors. must be considered along with heighten their sense of purpose As well as our focus on employment , but we wondered if and the meaning they bring to Employment and Contributing to one issue of Communicating their lives. They have found their the Community, we return to the Together would be sufficient to own unique paths, which may or topic of language development in present the major issues. As the may not some day include SymbolTalk — this time, sharing articles started arriving for the traditional employment. They a parent’s contribution. And last various sections, however, we judge their own worth by the but certainly not least, we began to realize that many contribution they can make to dedicate our Perspectives section important aspects of the topic society rather than by pay to the celebration of ISAAC’s were being identified. cheques. Their acceptance of 10th Anniversary. We are From Janice Light, Betty their individual situations and delighted to share the Perspective Stoltz and David McNaughton, placing of personal values above of Paul Hogan, creator of the we have an identification of the restrictive societal attitudes set ISAAC Poster. We invite the factors involved in successfully examples for us all. ISAAC members among our employing AAC users. From Many themes keep recurring readers to take a second look at _ Rick Creech, we learn of throughout this issue: the central the poster after reading Paul’s pioneering efforts toward creating role of employment in one’s life Perspective and to non-ISAAC employment opportunities in the and in one’s self concept; members, we hope you will USA and witness the strong society’s role in determining the decide to send for the poster (See conviction of a prominent AAC expectations and attitudes relating ISAAC’s address on page 23.) user concerning the right to work to work; the need to differentiate We hope this issue of of every AAC user who is between making a contribution in Communicating Together will capable of productive the community and making generate much discussion and employment. From Rob Haaf, we money; the role of education in thought. As always, we welcome are challenged to consider the job preparation; the positive side letters from our readers with their direction our support services of “home” work; the importance reactions. seem to be heading. Could it be of dignity and recognition for Next Issue that we really are beginning to what is accomplished not for how Along with the primary theme of focus more on the technology much money is involved; the role Advocacy and Empowerment, we than the individual? From Geb of volunteerism in job will have an extended section on Verburg, there 1s a questioning of preparation; the ongoing need for Facilitated Communication Training our basic assumptions. Must we professionals to examine their (FCT) with articles and responses really derive our identity through own values and priorities to arising from previously published our work? Do AAC users really ensure that they are not imposing articles by Rosemary Crossley and Howard Shane. Short reaction papers want to become “cogs” like the them upon AAC users. are always welcome. rest of us? Many of us have discovered See you again in December. It is from our associate editors personally that satisfaction need Peter and Shirley who are also AAC users that the not always be attached solely to § in) COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPT. 1993 ‘FIRST’ FOR AAC USERS getting a Master’s Degree in devoted to employment for RIGKSCREBRCH Speech-Language Pathology. augmented communicators! I Now that I have finished the have never attended a conference degree, I have decided I need a in which we, augmented broader work experience. communicators, played an Work has been very important important role, let alone a pivotal for me. It has given me economic one. But, it happened in control of my own life and Pittsburgh! enabled me to marry and have a The First Annual Pittsburgh family. Work was a dream of Employment Conference for Augmented Communicators mine from my earliest memories. I always wondered what I was (PEC@'93) was the first national going to do. As I matured, I conference held expressly to realized there were important address the issues of employing barriers between me and the augmentative communicators. world of work. My wonderful We have come a long way since Rick Creech is well known in parents encouraged me to think in the early conferences on the AAC field as an AAC terms of career and family. I will augmentative communication specialist who not only articulates be eternally grateful to them for back in the late 70s! Because I what the challenges are but was one of the first users of a this. provides a model of what can be Once, it might have been portable voice output aid, I accomplished! His book, enough to focus on getting attended these conferences. The “Reflections from a Unicorn” technology, both light and high, questions asked at those (Creech, 1992) makes an conferences would astound us to people with significant speech important contribution to our and multiple impairments now. Some people even opposed understanding of what life is like (SSMI). Though this struggle is the use of all electronics, for an AAC user. Having nowhere near complete, other suggesting more articulation completed his degree in speech- therapy was the answer. Since struggles must take place as well. language pathology, Rick now Training people to communicate then, conferences on works for Semantic Compaction with technology is an important augmentative communication Systems. His personal account of focus as well. However, in my have focused on a variety of the PEC@'93 conference helps opinion, the field of augmentative issues such as interaction and those of us who were unable to literacy. However, very little has communication must now focus attend, feel that we were there! on getting successful augmented been said or written about speakers employed and keeping a employment and augmentative King Solomon once said that person employed who is communication. there was nothing new under the I myself, have a job and have developing SSMI. I am an sun. Well, wise King Solomon had one for the past six years. I augmentative communicator, and was not in Pittsburgh, I am capable of productive am a writer, editor, presenter, and Pennsylvania, August 19-22, employment. Since I am capable beta tester for an augmentative 1993! Had he been, he would communication software of productive employment, I have witnessed something that company. For the past four believe it is my right as a citizen had never before happened in years, sixty percent of my job to be employed if I honestly and ~ history. An entire conference was description has consisted of sincerely seek employment. COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VO NOns/ SEPT.) 1998 3 PEC@ '93 was sponsored by the Joseph Giglio, John Bernard, Pennsylvania OVR. The non-profit organization SHOUT Pittsburgh District OVR conference had the. warm, relaxed (Support Helps Others Use Administrator, and Bruce Baker atmosphere of a family reunion, Technology). SHOUT, itself is a to discuss the hiring of an but a family reunion with 150, pretty miraculous group. Made individual with SSMI at the people and 16 national and CG up of an interesting assortment of Westinghouse WRD. Mr. Giglio international speakers! We did various professionals including promised to spare no expense to not just listen to presentations; we augmented communicators, its build the infrastructure inside communed together. We focused mission is to study and advocate Westinghouse necessary to on the employment of for the employment of people absorb an individual with SSMI augmentative communicators, the who could benefit from in a totally, “gainful” position at a possibility, the practicality, the augmentative communication to salary that would give this reality. I even had an opportunity overcome significant speech, individual economic control over to speak for a half-hour one-on- language, and multiple his or her life. one to Gil Selders, the Executive impairments. Mr. Giglio insisted that his Director of the Pennsylvania SHOUT began in response to a commitment was not just to OVR. challenge from Mr. Joseph develop one job, but to open up Participating as discussion Giglio, the manager of the employment for many people leaders at PEC@ were some “old Westinghouse Water Reactor with SSMI. Out of the joyful timer” augmented speakers, (nuclear power) Division (WRD) struggle to match an augmented Michael Williams, Jim Prentice, in Monroeville, a suburb of communicator and a completely and I. Michael’s deeply moving Pittsburgh. Bruce Baker (a gainful, professional position, a remarks contained advice friend, colleague, not to mention, team of individuals came into close appreciated by the many parents currently, my boss) was working association. The team included an of augmented communicators at the artificial intelligence augmented communicator, an OVR who were participating. “Never department of WRD. Bruce was district administrator, two linguists, give up on your child.” Jim & scheduled to present the semantic several rehabilitation professionals, Prentice’s personal statement compaction technique to three Westinghouse department contained an important truth individuals building a database. heads, and people from United about augmented communication, At Mr. Giglio’s suggestion, Cerebral-Palsy Associations “You must use the communicator rehabilitation professionals from (UCPA). Today, there is a constantly and not just once in a western Pennsylvania were invited professional, full-time employee while. Don’t get me wrong, I am to this presentation. The with cerebral palsy who uses not saying a communicator makes presentation focused on technical augmentative communication at Jim Prentice, but that Jim Prentice aspects of language representation Westinghouse. This gentleman’s makes the communicator, and the and retrieval. When Mr. Giglio name is James Prentice, and he was communicator helps me to be gave the closing remarks, he made one of the session moderators at what I want to be.” (PEC@'93 a surprising announcement. He PEC@'"93. Proceedings p. 112.) said that because this new language However, one job was not the Some of the new folk technology had been originally mandate. The team needed to attending brought knowledge developed for people with SSMI, extend its experience, strength, and from other fields. Mitch he would hire at Westinghouse a hope beyond one particular position LaPlante, for instance, is from the person using speech augmentation at one company. Thus did SHOUT broad field of medical stastistics. equipment! as a Separate organization come He presented an important first A few weeks later, George into being. look at how the major national Lowe, the former Executive health databases might be used to The Conference determine the number of C Director of the Pennsylvania PEC@'93 was funded by a Office of Vocational individuals who could benefit substantial grant from the Rehabilitation (OVR), met with from augmentative COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPT. 1993 communication and the number not limit career alternatives Four of the five who are still of individuals with SSMI who are arbitrarily.” (PEC@'93 p. 15) In working have surpassed the in the job market. Another new my opinion, students with supposed three-year life span voice was that of Bob Seaver. disabilities must pursue an prediction post-diagnosis! Bob 1s a pediatric psychiatrist educational route that will take Perhaps the high point of the with a psychoanalytic them toward challenging conference came when the background. Bob gave a vocational opportunities. augmented communicators came fascinating presentation about In another presentation by together for a public round table how families can cope with Karen Erickson of the Carolina discussion of employment issues SSMI. Literacy Center, it was stated that facilitated by Jim Hollahan, of Diane Bryen, a professor of the more years in school, the UCPA. More than a dozen of us Special Education, presented a better the chance of a person with gathered in front of the moving videotape of the total disabilities being employed. conference. We discussed what immersion program at the Temple Karen suggested that education concerned us about employment, Summer Institute. Lew Golinker for people with SSMI should be having the income that would gave a stimulating paper from a employment goal directed. My sustain us, having the support that lawyer’s point of view about concern is that predicting what a we need at work, getting the employment in augmentative child or an adolescent’s interests equipment so that we can work, communication. Janice Light will be and what kind of career he finding transportation so that we presented the findings from a or she will want to pursue as an can go to work, and the joy and survey conducted by herself, adult is impossible. The reason pride we feel in our work. along with Betty Stoltz and David that we have liberal arts schools I hope that PEC@'93 will be McNaughton. (Editors’ Note: and vocational schools is because the first of many such See Feature Article, pp.6-9) some professions require a broad- conferences on employment! In the Keynote Address, based education. I agree that we D Sarah Blackstone, editor of should teach people with SSMI Augmentative Communication the skills and the literacy that they News said, ““Thousands upon will need in the work place; Reference thousands of people are employed however, we will have to take Creech, R. (1992). Reflections and working in the field of AAC. measures to ensure that it will not From a Unicorn. Greenville, NC: Employment opportunities have be done at the expense of RC Publishing Co. increased exponentially for providing a liberal education to everyone except for our those who have the desire. consumers. . .” This cannot be An important note was struck allowed to remain true. by Melanie Fried-Oken of Oregon Editors’ Note: Professionals cannot give Health Sciences University, For information about next year’s augmentative communicators the Department of Neurology. conference (Aug.12-14, 1994), tools, the education, the skills, Melanie discussed how and to request the ‘Proceedings without taking steps to see that augmentative communication was of the Annual Pittsburgh doors of work opportunities are helping people with Employment Conferencfeo r opened as well. neurodegenerative diseases Augmented Communicators, One recurrent theme at the remain working. She told us PEC@93, contact conference was the importance of about seven adults with SHOUT Press, 1000 Killarney an education. In his presentation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15234, USA. John Leslie, Director of the (ALS). Five of these individuals (1-800-934-4391). Rehabilitation Engineering Center are still working, and one said he on Employment for People with would have been working if he Severe Disabilities, said that “The had known about augmentative educational infrastructure must communication before he retired. COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOLMANONs/ SEPT» 8093 5 WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO MAKE IT WORK? @ JANICE LIGHT, BETTY AAC are not employed within communication systems (e.g., STOLTZ, AND DAVID the community. The high alphabet board, picture board). McNAUGHTON, incidence of unemployment Just over half of the respondents PENN STATE UNIVERSITY may result from attitudinal reported that they were barriers within society, skill functionally literate (1.e., able to limitations, lack of education read the newspaper and write and job preparation, basic texts); the remaining transportational barriers, respondents were not literate. architectural barriers, The highest level of education technology limitations, or other obtained varied across the factors. One source of insight respondents: approximately into factors associated with 40% of the respondents did not successful employment is the graduate from high school; 30% experience of people across graduated from high school; The following paper was North America who use AAC and the remainder had an presented by Janice Light at the and who have successfully undergraduate or graduate First Annual Pittsburgh obtained and maintained college degree. The Conference for Augmented employment within the respondents were employed in a Communicators on Aug. 20, community. variety of jobs, including 1993. We are very pleased, with In 1992/93, Light, Stoltz, clerical positions (e.g., the permission of SHOUT and McNaughton conducted a secretary, data entry, mail Press, to be able to reprint the survey of adults who use AAC clerk), laborers (e.g., mowing g presentation of the results of the and who are employed in lawns, maintaining gardens), Light, Stoltz and McNaughton community-based jobs. Thirty- trainers, counselors, or survey relating to community- one adults from across North educational aides (e.g., training based employment for adults America responded to the clients on AAC systems, who use AAC. survey. The respondents ranged promoting literacy among AAC in age from 22-52 years (mean users, helping children in a Employment plays a major age 33 years 5 months). Sixty- classroom), cook, janitorial role in determining not only our five percent of the respondents work, consumer advocacy socioeconomic status, but also were males; 35% were females. work, technical consultant, our social identity. To a great The respondents reported a artist or writer, and extent, we define ourselves and range of disabilities including augmentative communication are defined by others in terms cerebral palsy, mental specialist. of our occupations. To date, retardation, visual impairment, there has been little research to hearing impairment, head Important Components investigate the employment injury, and autism. The Results of the survey suggest status of people who have majority of the respondents a number of elements that seem severe speech impairments and used multiple means to to be important in securing and use augmentative and - communicate in face to face maintaining community-based alternative communication communication, including employment. It should be noted (AAC). From anecdotal reports computer-based voice output that the actual constellation of within the AAC field, however, communication aids, speech skills and support mechanisms it is clear that by far the approximations, gestures and required for successful majority of adults who use signs, and nonelectronic aided employment will vary across 6 COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPT. 1993 individuals depending on their nonelectronic communication employment, the most needs, skills, and job board, a computer-based voice frequently cited response was requirements. output system, a stationary that they “had good skills” that computer system, a powered were required on the job. _ Le Communication mobility system, etc. Unfortunately, more than half Successful communication Unfortunately the majority of of the respondents indicated with co-workers and the respondents also reported that their educational program supervisors is key to any job, significant problems with had not prepared them for their including communication assistive technology, either jobs or provided them with focused on work issues or problems obtaining the marketable skills. communication of a more necessary equipment (e.g., It is well documented that personal and social nature. funding limitations, paperwork employment criteria are rising. Communication ts a bi- delays), or problems with The best hope for increasing directional process: its success recurrent breakdowns and lost employment opportunities depends on the contributions of work hours. Many respondents among people with disabilities both participants in the also indicated that there was is to provide them with a interaction. Not only do adults equipment in the work place quality education so that they who use AAC need to learn the that remained inaccessible to can meet the increased demands necessary skills to be effective them. If community-based of the labor market. We need to communicators on the job, but employment is to become a recognize that preparation and supervisors and co-workers also reality for the next generation of planning for employment must need to learn skills to ensure AAC users, then cooperation begin well before graduation if successful communication with and support is required on the transition from school to the AAC user. The majority of numerous fronts: from work is to be a successful one. employees surveyed who use researchers and product Qu indicated that they developers to ensure access to a Positive Work Ethic continue to experience full range of main stream Simply possessing the skills communication problems on the technology in the work place; required to meet job job: misinterpretation or from professionals to ensure requirements is not sufficient to second-guessing by colleagues; comprehensive, consumer- ensure successful employment, slow rate of communication, responsive assessment and rather the employee must also etc. To date, AAC intervention planning; from demonstrate a positive work interventions have largely funding agencies to ensure ethic, demonstrating focused on school or home and efficient access to the necessary punctuality, regular attendance, have neglected consideration of assistive technology; and from reasonable productivity levels, a the communication demands of manufacturers to ensure the willingness to assume the work place. Professionals reliability of assistive responsibility for assignments, need to give greater attention to technology. etc. When respondents were these issues in planning asked why they were able to intervention if the transition Marketable Skills keep their current jobs, the most from school to employment is The majority of the frequently cited response was to be achieved successfully. respondents indicated that it that they “worked hard.” was critical for the AAC user to According to the respondents, a Access to Assistive Technology have marketable skills in order positive work ethic played a All of the respondents to the to successfully secure more critical role in maintaining survey indicated that assistive employment. In fact, when employment than job specific @<chnology played a key role in respondents were asked why skills. Baker (personal allowing them access to the they had been successful in communication, May, 1993) has work place, be it a obtaining community-based noted that the lack of a positive COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VORA MNOS /SPE I. 1995 u person using AAC in the work work ethic is more “handicapping’ ”’ satisfied with their jobs, they place. Legislation such as the for many AAC users seeking did indicate a number of issues Americans with Disabilities Act employment than the lack of that caused some marketable job-related skills. dissatisfaction. The most of 1989 will help to increase employment opportunities for Instilling a positive work ethic frequently cited source of \ © must begin early in life with dissatisfaction was the limited people with disabilities by positive home and school chance for advancement in their extending federal civil rights expectations and appropriate current jobs. Most of the law to protect people with feedback. This ethic can then respondents perceived that they disabilities from discriminatory employment practices. be developed and strengthened were employed in “dead-end in adolescent years through jobs” with little opportunity for Ongoing public education is volunteer and part-time work promotion. Exploration of job also required to change peoples’ experiences. opportunities for people who attitudes toward individuals use AAC needs to extend with disabilities. Almost half of An Appropriate Job Match beyond “dead-end” jobs and the respondents to the survey There is a greater likelihood explore various career options. indicated that they had for successful employment and experienced problems with job satisfaction if there is a Interpersonal Skills peoples’ attitudes in the work “good fit” between the skills Many of those who place (e.g., co-workers were and interests of the employee responded to the survey talked uncomfortable or reluctant to and the demands of the job. To about the importance of interact with them; co-workers date, there has been only interpersonal skills: both to underestimated their minimal attention to the job facilitate networking to obtain a capabilities). options available for persons job and to facilitate positive with disabilities who require relationships with colleagues on On-the-job Assistance AAC. Traditionally, people the job. In fact, the majority of The majority, but not all, of with physical disabilities have the respondents indicated that the respondents required some been steered toward information they had obtained their current type of assistance at work for processing jobs (e.g., data entry, job not through school or personal care or work-related tasks. Of those that required etc.), while those without vocational personnel, but rather physical disabilities have been through a personal network of assistance at work, this support directed toward manual labor family, friends, and colleagues. was typically provided by a jobs (e.g., gardening, cleaning, Successfully holding a job over personal care attendant, a job restaurant jobs). Adults who do the long term requires not only coach, a co-worker, or an not meet the job requirements effective work production, but assistant. Most respondents for these types of jobs have also positive relationships with required less than 9 hours of been labeled “unemployable” colleagues and supervisors. assistance per week, with many and sent home or to sheltered Strong social skills are required requiring less than 5 hours a workshops. Professionals in the to build and nurture personal week. If vocational AAC field need to be more networks of relationships to opportunities are to be truly creative in exploring a wide enhance employment accessible to many people who range of job options and in opportunities and to improve use AAC, then provision must identifying strategies to the quality of life. be made for assistance related overcome barriers to to personal care and on the job employment for people who use Positive Social Attitudes training. AAC. Successful employment @ While most of the AAC depends on positive attitudes Access to Transportation users who responded to the from employers and co-workers More than half of the survey indicated that they were to ensure acceptance of the respondents to the survey 8 COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPT. 1993 indicated that they experienced problems with transportation that was inaccessible or unreliable and interfered with AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE their job as a result. Lost work hours due to transportation COMMUNICATION problems are obviously unacceptable. Cooperation The Official Journal of the from local, state and federal International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication agencies 1s required to ensure that accessible, reliable Editor: Lyle L. Lloyd, Ph.D., Professor of Special Education, transportation is available to all. Professor of Audiology and Speech Sciences, Purdue University International in scope and transdisciplinary in approach, AAC presents articles, Barrier-free Environment case studies, position and research papers, conference abstracts, with direct Approximately one-third of implications on program development, assessment and intervention. A journal the respondents indicated that that stimulates development and improves service delivery in nonspeech communication. architectural barriers in the work place were problems (e.g., Quarterly/$48/year personal/$75/year institutional (U.S. funds) difficulty with entry to the (add $10/year to subscriptions outside U.S.) building, limited access to various locations in the office). Mail to: Decker Periodicals Inc. P.O. Box 785 Employers must assume Lewiston, N.Y. 14092-785. USA responsibility for ensuring that the work place is accessible to all. COMMUNICATION Conclusion Assuring that these key OUTLOOK elements are in place will require the active participation and commitment of a wide FOCUSING ON range of people, including consumers and families, COMMUNICATION AIDS & TECHNIQUES researchers, educators and other professionals, vocational COMMUNICATION OUTLOOK is an international counselors, system designers, quarterly magazine which documents and celebrates funding agencies, local, state augmentative and alternative communication. and federal agencies, employers and co-workers. By working together, we can ensure that the To receive a sample issue and subscription form, employment opportunities send this ad to: currently available only to a few will be realized by many COMMUNICATION OUTLOOK Subscriptions, more individuals who use AAC. 405 Computer Center, Michigan State University, For a copy of the Proceedings of the Annual Pittsburgh Employment Conferencfeo r East Lansing, MI 48824-1042, Augmented Communicators, PEC@'93, USA. contact SHOUT Press, 1000 Killarney Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15234, USA. (1-800-934-4391) § COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOR aMeaNORS/SERT.1993 9 PERSPECTIVES children served by HMRC, their @ Paul Hogan Congratulations ISAAC! He describes himself, with a siblings and children from the ‘twinkle in his eye, as a “post- surrounding neighbourhood. The SHIRLEY McNAUGHTON modern, pre-apocalyptic, urban, Spiral Garden has evolved to social ritualist, painter/gardner— become an “experiment in but not really taking a lot of art combining pediatric rehabilitation descriptions very seriously”! He with earth rehabilitation.” As wants to help people to Paul describes his goals, communicate and also to express “children who will ultimately his own ambivalence about life inherit the earth are put at the which he sees as a “very centre and those children who are complicated matter (which is why wounded or ill and involved in we have alternative languages).” rehabilitation are at the centre of Paul Hogan I would portray him as a all the children.” Caring for the Communicating Together sensitive, caring human being whole child rather than focusing would like to join all the other who uses his artistic abilities to upon a specific impairment is a associates of ISAAC in help others see and understand dominant theme. There is a celebrating ISAAC’ s 10th their role within (in his words) the strong art component in the Anniversary! Both Shirley “larger than human community.” Garden. Through their contact McNaughton and Peter Lindsay, Of the many groups of people with the primary elements of the co-editors of Communicating with whom Paul works and earth, “children are helped to find Together, were present at the learns, the one that best helps him out who they are for themselves e@ founding meeting of ISAAC, as identify with the goals of ISAAC and to work from their own was associate editor, Nola Millin. is the client population of the definitions of themselves.” It is We have many wonderful Hugh MacMillan Rehabilitation hoped that they will “extend the memories of the events occurring Centre (HMRC). It was Penny same care given to the Garden to in ISAAsC fi’rs t ten years and we Parnes, Vice-President of HMRC, themselves and to others.” All of join with all ISAAC members, in who asked Paul to submit a this learning takes place through expressing our pride in the proposal to the ISAAC 10th play and they are offered “a large organizations growth and Anniversary Committee. She had pallette of possibilities.” As Paul accomplishments. come to know Paul through his summarizes, “each child is As our contribution to the work over the past ten years, encouraged to find his or her own Celebration of ISAAC’s 10th, we directing the Spiral Garden at the story as individuals within a invited Paul Hogan, the creator Centre, a “magic theatre” and community.” He breaks into of the ISAAC Poster, to share his place of self and world discovery. laughter often as he describes the life perspective with us and to As one talks with Paul about Garden, especially when he discuss his poster. Shirley was his work in the Spiral Garden, his pictures the “languages” of non- pleased to be involved along with love of history mingled with his human creatures. “That’s where all the past presidents of ISAAC belief in each individual’s the fun really comes in!” As I in the planning and selection of _wholeness and oneness with the listened, I thought of the funit the poster and it is with a universe pervades his every would be to become a child again, personal as well as professional comment. His own life embodies in his special Garden. Paul does interest that this tribute to the the inclusiveness which he values that to you! By the way, spiral is in @ creator of the ISAAC 10th so highly. He becomes animated its name to represent infinite growth. Anniversary poster 1s written. as he talks of his work with the 10 COMMUNICATING TOGETHER VOL. 11, NO. 3/SEPT. 1993