Table Of Content

s 363.78 A7CGP 1998 CommefciaT Government 8C STATF DOCUMENTS COLLECT AUG y 2004 MONTANA STAia LlbRAf^Y 1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA. MONTAr''^ 59G' STATE OF MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE • HELENA, MONTANA JANUARY 1998 '^Lr^P^^ INTRODUCTION All pesticide applicators are required to know basic safety and handling rules for pesticide use. The purpose of this "Basic Pesticide Training Manual" is to help individuals wishing to become applicators learn those facts. Applying pesticides requires many special skills and responsibilities. It is an important occupation on its own and an indispensable part ofmany other occupations. Those who apply pesticides or supervise pesticide applicators must be sure pesticides are handled and applied properly and safely. It is necessary to identify pests and then select the best method or methods for their control. For personal safety, as well as that of co-workers and family, it is essential to understand the hazards ofpesticides and how to avoid injury. Protecting tlie environment is also a major concern. Additionally, it is important to be familiar with all state and federal laws regulating the use, storage, transportation, application, and disposal ofpesticides. Tliis is the basic or core manual for all pesticide applicators and dealers. This manual is to be used by all applicators who wish to be licensed or certified in any Montana pesticide applicator category. Applicators will also need to review other manuals appropriate to their specific applicator category(ies), the Montana Pesticide Act, and the Act's associated Administrative Rules ofMontana (ARM 4.10.101-1808). To simplify information, trade named products and equipment have been mentioned. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied ofsimilar products or equipment which are not mentioned. Developed by the Montana Department ofAgriculture: Technical Services Bureau, Agricultural Sciences Division Heidi Hart Laura Hinck Kim Jolinson Barbra Mullin David Rise Donna Rise Kari Smith Dan Sullivan Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from IVIontana State Library http://www.archive.org/details/commercialgovern1998mont TABLE OF CONTENTS PESTICIDE LAWS AND REGULATIONS I I Federal Laws andRegulations 3 I State Pesticide Laws andRegulations 6 I CommercialApplicator Licensing Categories 10 I Administrative Procedures 15 I Montana Agricultural Chemical Ground Water Protection Act (MACGWPA) 17 I Montana Water QualityAct (MWQA) 19 I Montana Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 19 I Montana Solid Waste Laws 20 PESTICIDE RECORD KEEPING II I Dealer Records 21 I Dealer Pesticide Reports 21 I Applicator Records 22 I Applicator Pesticide Reports 23 I Incident Reports 23 I Notification byApplicators 24 THE WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD (WPS) III I WPS Terminology 25 I The Worker Protection Standard Goals 26 I Pesticide Labeling 26 I Employer 's Responsibilities 27 I Regulation ofthe WPS 28 IV THE PESTICIDE LABEL I Reading The Label 29 I Format ofLabels 30 I Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 35 V PESTICIDE APPLICATION: FORMULATIONS AND EQUIPMENT I Pesticide Formulations 43 I SprayAdditives 47 I ViscosityModifiers 48 I Compatibility ofPesticides 49 I Types ofGroundEquipment 50 I Accessory Equipment 52 I Maintenance ofGroundEquipment 60 I Aerial Equipment 61 VI CALIBRATING PESTICIDE EQUIPMENT I Sprayer Calibration 72 I GroundSpeedMeasurement 72 I Amount ofPesticide NeededPer Tank 73 I Adjuvants (Surfactants) 74 I 1/128 Calibration Method 74 I Calibration ofAerial Equipment 77 VII PESTICIDE, STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION, AND DISPOSAL I Pesticide Fire andExplosion Hazards and Precautionary Guidelines 81 I Pesticide Storage 82 I Transportation ofPesticides 83 I Disposal ofPesticides and Their Containers 85 VIII TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES I Testsfor Determining Toxicity 89 I Health Hazards ofPesticides 92 I Acute Pesticide Effects on Humans and Recognition ofTheir Signs & Symptoms 94 I How Pesticides Enter the Body (Exposure) 96 IX PROTECTIVE PESTICIDE EQUIPMENT I Wovens, Nonwovens and Coated/LaminatedSuits 99 I Protective Clothing Characteristics 104 & I Classification, Description Limitations ofPesticide Respiratory Protection Devices 107 I Other Features to Consider 110 I Care andDecontamination ofClothing 112 X FIRST AID IN THE EVENT OF PESTICIDE POISONING ^ First Aid 115 I General Treatment 115 I Specific Treatment 116 XI PESTICIDES AND THE ENVIRONMENT I Pesticide Fate 119 I Pesticide Residues in Foodand Water 123 I Pesticide Residues in the Environment 124 I Surface Water 125 I Ground Water 125 I Best Management Practices 127 XII FISH AND WILDLIFE I Nontarget Effects ofPesticides 129 I How Does Exposure to Wildlife Occur? 130 I How Do Pesticides Affect Wildlife? 130 I BiologicalMagnification 132 I HabitatAlteration andLoss ofFood 132 I Reducing Risk to Wildlife 132 I EndangeredSpecies andPesticides 134 XIII INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT I Principles oflPM 138 I Tools of1PM 139 GLOSSARY 141 ABBREVIATIONS & MEANINGS 151 III CHAPTER I PESTICIDE LAWS AND REGULATIONS % Federal Laws and Regulations Insecticides and fiingicides were the first pesticides to be regulated with the enactment of the Insecticide Act of 1910. The 1906 Pure Food Law was expanded in 1938 to include regulations governing the use ofpesticides on food. In 1947, the 1910 Insecticide Act was replaced by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). FIFRA - Enactment ofFIFRA expanded the scope ofpesticide regulation. New regulations required that all pesticides moved in interstate commerce be registered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), that pesticide usage be safe, and that all pesticides be properly labeled by manufacturers. The intent oflabeling is to ensure the safety ofthe public by requiring proper product use instructions. Packaging and safety regulations were added to FIFRA through several pieces of legislation from 1950 to 1970. In 1970, federal responsibility for regulating pesticides under FIFRA was transferred from USDA to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The 1972 amendments to FIFRA gave EPA principal authority to control pesticides, to register and inspect producing establishments, and to certify applicators using pesticide products designated as restricted use. The amendment also extended federal registration ofpesticides to include those distributed or used within states. FIFRA was again amended in 1978. The 1978 amendments required EPA to establish criteria for data submission requirements in support ofproduct registration. EPA stipulated that data submitted to support an original product registration could not be used to support registration ofother products fora period of 10 years. More importantly, the 1978 amendments gave states primacy with regard to enforcement ofpesticide laws, provided that states have established an EPA approved plan for such activities. Amendments to FIFRA in 1988 are referred to as "FIFRA Lite". These amendments established a five phase re-registration process for all pesticides registered prior to November 1, 1984, based on pesticide active ingredients. Assessment offees by registrants was set to generate $14 million per fiscal year to support personnel and resources necessary for re-registration activities in a timely manner. Regulations were also published for pesticide container design, promoting safe storage and disposal ofpesticide containers, and prescribing procedures and standards for removal ofpesticide residues fi'om such containers. The following summarizes some ofthe more important provisions of FIFRA. Registration - The distribution, sale, offering or holding for sale, shipment, delivery or receipt within any state ofany pesticide which is not registered with the EPA is prohibited. To register a pesticide, the applicant files a statement that includes a copy ofthe labeling, the claims to be made for the pesticide, directions for its use, and the complete formula ofthe pesticide. EPA has the authority to cancel a pesticide's registration ifit is later determined that the directed use ofthe pesticide poses a serious hazard to humans or the environment. A registrant can appeal an EPA cancellation notice through a process of public hearings and review by a scientific advisory group. Suspension of a pesticide registration, unlike cancellation, stops interstate shipments immediately, but can be initiated only when the product presents an imminent danger. The EPA Administrator may issue a"stop sale, use or removal" order when it appears that a pesticide violates the law or its registration has been suspended or finally canceled. FIFRA, as amended, requires the registration ofall pesticide producing establishments. Information, which includes the types and amount ofpesticides produced, distributed and sold, must be submitted upon registration ofthe firm and annually thereafter. In 1996, the Food Quality Protection Act amended FIFRA. Amendments included the establishment ofa system for reviewing pesticide registrations and tolerances on a 15-year cycle, authorization for EPA to suspend pesticide registrations immediately under emergency conditions, and requirements that EPA develop criteria for reduced-risk pesticides and expedite their registration. Classification of Pesticides - The 1972 amendments required that all pesticides be classified as general or restricted use. A General Use pesticide is defined in FIFRA as one which will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment when used in accordance with its labeling. Such pesticides normally are available to the public without a license. Restricted Use pesticides are defined as those which may generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, including injury to the applicator. Those pesticides placed in the restricted category may be used only by or under the supervision ofcertified applicators or under such other conditions as EPA may require to protect humans and the environment. Ifthe EPA Administrator determines that some pesticide uses should be general use and that other uses should be restricted use, the administrator must register it both general and restricted use. It is essential, however, that the directions relating to its general uses be clearly separated and distinguished from those directions relating to its restricted use. Classification ofPesticide Applicators - The 1972 amendments define two classes ofapplicators, commercial and farm (private). EPA was directed to establish separate standards for each type of applicator. A farm (private) applicator is defined in FIFRA as a certified applicator who uses or supervises the use ofanyrestricteduse pesticide forthe purpose ofproducing any agricultural commodity on property owned or rented by the applicator or his/her employer. Montana regulations allow only the application ofgeneral use pesticides on property ofan immediate or adjacent landowner, if applied without compensation other than trading of personal services between producers.