Comfort Women and Sex in the Battle Zone

399 Pages·2018·4.116 MB·English

by  Ikuhiko Hata

Comfort Women and
Sex in the Battle Zone

Comfort Women and
Sex in the Battle Zone
by
Hata Ikuhiko
Translated by
Jason Michael Morgan
HAMILTON BOOKS
Lanham • Boulder • New York • London
Copyright © 2018 by
The Rowman & Littlefield
Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard
Suite 200
Lanham, Maryland 20706
Hamilton Books Acquisitions Department [phone]
Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street,
London SE11 4AB, United Kingdom
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
British Library Cataloging in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018953206
ISBN: 978-0-7618-7033-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN: 978-0-7618-7034-0 (Electronic)
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum
requirements of American National Standard for Information
Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39.48-1992
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
List of Tables ix
Map of East Asia and the Pacific xii
1 The Comfort Women Issue “Explodes” 1
2 Japan’s Licensed Prostitution System 23
3 In Manchuria and on the Battlefields of China 53
4 Along the Pacific Front 85
5 “Battle Zone Sex” Around the World 117
6 Personal Stories of the Comfort Women 147
7 The Confabulations of Yoshida Seiji 181
8 From the Kono Statement to the Coomaraswamy Report 197
9 Spread of Misconceptions about Comfort Women to the
International Community 227
10 Merits and Demerits of the Asian Women’s Fund 249
11 Five Points of Contention: Q&A 271
12 Comfort Women in the Battle Over History 305
13 Three-Point Suite: The Facts about South Korea’s
Comfort Women, 1945–2015 319
v
vi Contents
Afterword 343
by Hata Ikuhiko
Appendixes
1. Statement by Chief Cabinet Secretary Kono Yohei,
(August 4, 1993) 347
2. United States Department of War Information,
Report APO 689 349
3. Requesting Correction of Factual Errors in
McGraw-Hill Textbook 357
Selected Bibliography
Books and Journals 361
Unpublished Governmental Sources 367
Index 369
About the Author 381
About the Translator 383
List of Illustrations
Figure 0.1. East Asia and the Pacific Map xii
Figure 1.1. Yun Chung-ok in 1991 7
Figure 2.1. Diagram of Typical Life Pattern of a Prostitute 30
Figure 3.1. Comfort Station, in Shanghai 60
Figure 4.1. Kim, Korean Comfort Woman, in Burma 91
Figure 5.1. So-called Geisha Girls 137
Figure 7.1. Yoshida Seiji, in Tokyo 183
Figure 8.1. Chief Cabinet Secretary Kono Yohei 199
Figure 9.1. Newspaper Advertisements for Comfort Women 243
Figure 10.1. Former Comfort Women, appeal to media 258
Appendix 3.1. Diagram of Comfort Women Recruitment,
Korean Peninsula 359
vii

List of Tables
Table 2.1. Statistics Pertaining to Domestic Licensed
Prostitution in Prewar Japan, 1884–1945 27
Table 2.2. Statistics on Licensed Prostitution in Korea,
1910–1942 34
Table 2.3. Number and Percentages of Japanese Prostitutes
Residing Overseas, 1916–1935 40
Table 3.1. Examples of Military Comfort Stations in China,
1938–1943 71
Table 3.2. Statistics on so-called Japanese “Customer-Service
Women” throughout China, 1938–1940 72
Table 3.3. Number of Women in the Customer Service Industry
in China, 1940 75
Table 4.1. Comfort Stations and Comfort Women in the
Southern Areas, 1942–1945 93
Table 5.1. U.S. Military Venereal Disease Infection Rate,
1942–1945 130
Table 10.1. Disbursements to Former Comfort Women from
Asian Women’s Fund, as of 2014 253
Table 11.1. Resident Japanese Working in Customer Service
Industry, 1938, 1940 290
Table 11.2. Number of “Comfort Facilities,” According to
Kinbara Journals, 1942 291
ix