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COMESA 280: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Power system planning and management PDF

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Preview COMESA 280: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Power system planning and management

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ≠ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT ± In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. COMESA 280 (2007) (English/French/Russian): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Power system planning and management COMESA HARMONISED COMESA/FDHS STANDARD 280:2007 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Power system planning and management REFERENCE: FDHS 280:2007 Foreword The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was established in 1994 as a regional economic grouping consisting of 20 member states after signing the co-operation Treaty. In Chapter 15 of the COMESA Treaty, Member States agreed to co-operate on matters of standardisation and Quality assurance with the aim of facilitating the faster movement of goods and services within the region so as to enhance expansion of intra-COMESA trade and industrial expansion. Co-operation in standardisation is expected to result into having uniformly harmonised standards. Harmonisation of standards within the region is expected to reduce Technical Barriers to Trade that are normally encountered when goods and services are exchanged between COMESA Member States due to differences in technical requirements. Harmonized COMESA Standards are also expected to result into benefits such as greater industrial productivity and competitiveness, increased agricultural production and food security, a more rational exploitation of natural resources among others. COMESA Standards are developed by the COMESA experts on standards representing the National Standards Bodies and other stakeholders within the region in accordance with international procedures and practices. Standards are approved by circulating Final Draft Harmonized Standards (FDHS) to all member states for a one Month vote. The assumption is that all contentious issues would have been resolved during the previous stages or that an international or regional standard being adopted has been subjected through a development process consistent with accepted international practice. COMESA Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the COMESA Harmonized Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest version of the standards they are implementing. This COMESA standard is technically identical to IEC 60050-603:1986, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Power system planning and management A COMESA Harmonized Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. )306(05 0 1 CE 6891 -l-- CHAPITRE 603 : PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT ET DISTRIBUTION DE L’ÉNERGIE ÉLECTRIQUE - PLANIFICATION ET CONDUITE DES RÉSEAUX CHAPTER 603 : GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY - POWER SYSTEM PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT TJIABA 603 : IIPOI43BO~CTB0, IIEPEAAYA M PACI-IPEAEJIEHHE 3JIEKTPIVIECKOn 3HEPIJIkI - II.JIAHI?IPOBAHBE PA3BHTI45I I/I YI-IPABJIEHHE PAEOTOYi 3HEPTETkIYECKHX CHCTEM SECTION 603-01 - PLANIFICATION DES RÉSEAUX SECTION 603-01 - POWER SYSTEM PLANNING PA3AEJI 603-01 - IIJIAHHPOBAHIdE PA3BIJTMII 3HEPTETHYECKkIX CkICTEM Note prélirnirlaire snaD el etxetnoc du tnesérp ,ertipahc sel semret sialgna « krowten » te CC metsys » tnevuep ertê sérédisnoc emmoc tnemeuqitarp semynonys te tnos stiudart ne siaçnarf rap el tom uaesér« .)) ruoP la noitcadér sed snoitiniféd iuq ,tnevius li a été tiaf tnemelarénég egasu du emret « metsys )) siam el tom « krowten » tuep lui ertê éréférp snad sniatrec syap ou snad seniatrec .secnatsnocric Prelin7ina/nyo te nI eht txetnoc fo siht ,retpahc eht smret ”krowten“ dna ”metsys“ irac eb deredisnoc sa yllacitcarp suomynonys dna dnopserroc ot eht hcnerF mret .”uaesér“ roF eht esoprup fo eht gniwollof ,snoitinifed eht mret ”metsys“ sah neeb desu tub “network” cari be preferred in some countries or some .snoitautis Ilpex+:tpiire.ibH38 oeu ewflr,e nplI\leHfle\lLIe B Hacronmefi r.iaBe Tep\IIIHLI «î.ieK-rpII~iecKan ceTL 1) II (<cI~c~e\Ia>) \rory~ pacc~Ia~p~~BaTb0-i npaKTHciecKi4 KaK CMHOHM\ILI M COOTBeTCTBy5OT @paHUy3CKO>ly Tep\IIIHy <<r éSeaU >). B 0nperreneHIIax iicno.iLsye-rcn Tep\illti <( clIcrelIa )), 02HaKo a pale wytIaeB B npaKTI1Ke IieKoTopbIx cTpaH npe2no~I~uTedLHee npM>reHnTL « 3JeKTpllVecKair CeTL >>, 10-10-306 noitacifinalp ed uaesér rewop metsys gninnalp eusasoplieal:n auTna3ap gnunalpzteN uueTcucorpeH3 noitacifinalp ed seder enoizacifinaip alled eter Ensemble des études destinées à la ehT whole range of studies involved Mcc~7erroBaIIne 3a2aLiII TexH6jaIecKM teh neprewtno nav nee réalisation et à l’extension d’un in the development of a technically 11 îKOHO\IIILleCKII 060CHOBaHHOr0 hcsirtkele meetsyseigrene réseau d’énergie électrique satis- and economically sourid system of pa3BllXM ciIcTe\lbl 06ecneLieHI4R einawonalp ujowzor umetsys faisant à des objectifs techniques et electricity supply. 3,-,eKT,XI~leCKOfi îHeprMe6. ogenzcytegreneortkele économiques. gnirenalp va metsystfarkle 20-10-306 étisned ed egrahc daol ytisned ttJ1OTtlOCTb ttarpy3titt ethcidtsaL dadisned ed agrac tneitouQ ed la egrahc rap la -repus ehT quotient of load and area of the O~HOtlleHllC PaWeTHOfi Harpy3KM K àtisned id ocirac ficie de la zone géographique zone geographically accessible to a n4~OulaJUl 30HLI 3JeKTpOCHa6XeHHR diehthcidsgnitsaleb susceptible d’être alimentée par un given distribution network. narlr-lofi pacnpe,XeneTe,ibHoi? cet. CSotsqg aineiqicbo tehtiitsgnintsaleb réseau de distribution. -2- )306(05 0 1EC 6891 30-10-306 ertnec ed étivarg ed al egrahc daol ertnec pTneu n’h3ypraH tknuprewhcstsaL artnec ed dadevarg ed al Point tel que la homme des produits ehT ,tniop ni na ,aera at hcihw eht ToWa 30HbI ,mIHe~&aHcopHen3 agrac des charges élémentaires d'une zone mus fo eht stcudorp fo hcae daol L-M KOTOpOIï cyusia npoll3BeZleHilii ortnecirab led ocirac par leurs distances ù ce point est dna sti ecnatsid morf siht tniop si a Kawoii Harpy3KliHa paccTonHlleee tnupetraawz nav ed gnitsaleb minimale. .muminim ;IO JaHHOfi TO'IKII \IIIHll\la7bHa. kedorS ic8ok@ic aineiqicbo murtnecsgnintsaleb 40-10-306 noisivérp ed egrahc daol tsacerof soeropn uK3ypraH esongorptsaL nbisiverp ed agrac noitamitsE sed segrahc nu’d uaesér nA etamitse fo eht detcepxe daol fo aKHeuO ojh-uaeuoïi Harpy3Kll Ha enoisiverp id ocirac à eim etad erutuf .eénimretéd a krowten at a nevig erutuf .etad onpe2e.ieHHbIfi vo\leHT spe\ieHIi. gnillepsroovsgnitsaleb azongorp aineiaicbo songorpsgnintsaleh 50-10-306 noisivérp ud crap ed noitcudorp noitareneg xim tsacerof 3oHropn 1bpyTKypTc ifemmypupeser esongorP-krapskrewtfarK IITCOHIllOI\ noisiverp led euqrap ed noicareneg noitamitsE ed la noitisopmoc sed nA etamitse fo eht noitisopmoc fo a OUeHKa "epC;eKTIIBHOr-0 COCTaBa enoisiverp led ocrap id sneyom ed noitcudorp à enu etad noitareneg metsys at a nevig erutuf reHeprrpyto[uefi \IOIIIHOCTII Ha enoizudorp erutuf .eénimretéd .etad iilb{rHei.e2epno rHel\ol\ .Imei\epn gnillepsroov nav teh tekkap nedehnee-eitkudorp azongorp ainazrawtyw songorpsnoitkudorp 60-10-306 éticapac ed tropsnart enu’d nosiail noissimsnart yticapac fo a knil saHiIcynopn bTcoH6oconc mHIIII tiekgihiifsgnugartrebÜ renie nsar;epenopT~el;3 gnudnibreV dadicapac ed etropsnart ed egrahC elamixam elbissimda enu’d ehT mumixam elbissimrep daol fo a Hal6o;rbtuarl \IOLUHOCTb, KOTOpaR anu noixenoc nosiail etpmoc unet ed ses -étcarac knil gniredisnoc ,sti tnaveler voxeT 6blTb nepe2aHa no xIHwI àticapac id otropsart id nu seuqitsir seuqisyhp te seuqirtcelé lacisyhp dna lacirtcele -retcarahc îneKTponeperraw, aonycTLi\la8 no otnemagelloc seuqèsnirtni snad sed snoitidnoc scitsi rednu deificeps .snoitidnoc ee (pI13ll~lecwv xapaKTepllcTrlKav. tieticapactropsnart nav nee .seéificéps gnidnibrev fionlodz awolysezrp iinil agamrofsgnirjifrevG soh knaI 70-10-306 tnaruoc ed tiucric-truoc lamixam tiucric-trohs tnerruc ytilibapac JOnJ’CTINblfi TON KO,,OTfiOrO tiekgitsefifulhcszruK elbissimda RIIHa~lbl\a3 etneirroc ed otiucricotroc amixam elbisimda ruelaV du tnaruoc ed tiucric-truoc ehT elbissimrep eulav fo eht -trohs MaKCll\raabHblfi TOK KOpOTKOrO etnerroc id otroc otiucric euq tuep retroppus un tnemélé du tiucric tnerruc ni a nevig krowten 3a>,b,KaH,I5l, ~OnyCTM~lbIfi a amissam elibissimma uaesér tnadnep enu eérud .eéificéps tnenopmoc rof a deificeps .noitarud zaHHo\I 3-lelreHTe 3neKTpw~ecKofi erabtaaleot moortstiulstrok CeTIL B TeLleHIle Onpe%.TeHHoro yzsiywjan ynlazczsupod Bpe\reHII. moizop udarp ogewoicrawz netallit mortssgnintulstrok )306(05 0 CEI 6891 -3- SECTION 603-02 - CALCULDERÉSEAU SECTION 603-02 - NETWORKCALCULATION PA3AEJI 603-02 - PACYETbI3JIEICTPWIECKI4XCETE~ 603-02-01 luclac ed uaesér krowten noitaluclac rescap iiowcerupTKeiU3 uTec gnunhcerebzteN olucl~c ed seder noitanimretéD ed selbairav taté’d ehT noitatupmoc fo metsys etats eiiHeT.e2epnO eopr-ellapan ai\iicr;ep oloclac id eter nu’d uaesér à ritrap ed sertèmarap selbairav fo a krowten yb gnisu -sys 3JieKTpWieCKOïi CeTIi n0 3alaHHbiSi gninekerebten du uaesér te sertua’d selbairav taté’d met sretemarap dna rehto nwonk ee i\aKnrciiper-eapax II r~~ii~oncy einazcilbo iceis .seunnoc metsys etats .selbairav pa6O-rbi. gninkiirebtiin 603-02-02 selbairav taté’d nu’d( )uaesér metsys etats selbairav pTei\apan al\usjep iioacerupTKei;3 elbairavzteN ce-ru selbairav ed odatse ed( anu )der sruednarG selbairav seéil à taté’l ehT elbairav seititnauq detaicossa ifaHHei\epeIr ,aHniLiil,ea -eTKapax ilibairav id otats id( anu )eter euqirtcelé du .uaesér htiw eht lacirtcele etats fo a .metsys piisymomasr 32eK-rpiwecKiiïi pewi\l nelebairavsdnatseot nav nee ceTIl, kianpii\iep : Hanpnx;eHiie, ToK, meetsys Exemples: Exnn~ple.:~ \IOLilHOCTb, 3~7eK~pii~leCKii~ 3apR2, icSokleiw enneimz unats ,segatloV ,stnerruc ,srewop cirtcele Tensions, courants, puissances, MarHIITHbifi nOTOK II Jp. umetsys -zcytegreneortkele segrahc ,seuqirtcelé xulf -iténgam charges, magnetic fluxes. ogen ques. relbairavsdnatsllit 603-02-03 sertèmarap nu’d uaesér ; metsys sretemarap ; metsys stnatsnoc prellapan iioKcesuprKel.s uTec retemarapzteN ; -nokzteN setnatsnoc nu’d uaesér netnats sortemarap ed anu der ; Grandeurs considérées comme in- ehT quantities considered as being ~OC~ORHHUFI 3:ieKrpliLiectian ae.lll- setnatsnoc ed anu der variantes et caractéristiques des élé- fixed dna hcihw eziretcarahc eht ,aHt,q xapaK-repii3ymoma5i î;le\ieH- irtemarap id anu eter ; ments de réseaux. system components. TL>I ceTii, Hanpirliep: no.lHoe co- itnatsoc id anu eter npo~liB~leHiie, npOBO~H\lOC~b, sretemarapmeetsys ; -meetsys Exemples: Esnmples : K03@,IIiUlieHT ~paHC@Op\iaUlii~. netnatsnoc ,ecnadepmI ,ecnattimda -rofsnart Impédances, admittances, rapports yrtemarap eiats umetsys -kele de transformation. mation ratio. ogenzcytegreneort atnatsnok retehrots 603-02-04 eigolopot nu’d uaesér krowten ygolopot nuroI;onoT uTec eigolopotzteN aigolopot ed anu der snoitisoP sevitaler sed stnemélé ehT evitaler noitisop fo eht laedi Bsaii\iHoe pacno~lo%eHr~e ~~JOB- aigolopot id anu eter xuaédi tnatnesérper un uaesér -celé stneniele gnitneserper na cirtcele HblX 3.le\ieHTOB, npeL,CTaB~lREOL”HX eigolopot nav nee ten trique. .krowten mycrcercupTKei.s CeTb. aigolopyt iceis -egreneortkele jenzcyt igolopottiin 603-02-05 améhcs euqigolopoi nu’d uaesér lacigolopot margaid fo a krowten naKceYurol.onoT arlexc uTec rehcsigolopot nalpzteN ameuqse ocigolopot ed anu noitatnesérpeR euqihparg ed la -ot ehT lacihparg noitatneserper fo eht rpa$wiecKoe npe2cTaBneHLie -rono- der eigolop nu’d .uaesér krowten .ygolopot ;1ormiii 3.letiTpiiLiecKofi ceTki. amehcs ocigolopot id anu eter hcsigolopot amehcs nav nee ten tamehcs ynzcigolopyt iceis jenzcytegreneortkele dlibtiin -4- )306(05 0 C IE 6891 60-20-306 emigér ilbaté nu’d uaesér ydaets etats fo a metsys yCTaHOBllBlUllfiCR peXilI\I reriinoitats dnatsuZ senie sjleIiTp1IsecKoIï CeTII Netzes nemigér ocitAtse ed anu der tatE ed tnemennoitcnof nu’d uaesér ehT gnitarepo snoitidnoc fo a -ten PeZW\I pa6OTbl 3JleK-rplFleCKOti Ce- emiger otazzilibats id anu snad leuqel sel selbairav taté’d -uep krow ni hcihw eht metsys etats -rav TM, npn ~0-r0p0\i ore lbprel\apan eter tnev ertê seérédisnoc emmoc -isnes selbai era deredisnoc ta eb ylbisnes >,OH(HO C’lIITaTb HeIl3\leHHbI\IIi. erianoitats dnatseot nav nee tnemelb .setnatsnoc .tnatsnoc meetsys nats ynolatsu umetsys -kele ogenzcytegreneort triinoitats dnatsllit 70-20-306 emigér eriotisnart nu’d uaesér tneisnart etats fo a metsys nepexonsbItipeir;~n~ 3aeIiTpIIrecIzoii retneisnart dnatsuZ senie CeTIl Netzes nemigér oirotisnart ed anu tatE ed tnemennoitcnof nu’d uaesér ehT gnitarepo noitidnoc fo a -ten PeMl\l pa6O-rbl 3~leK~pll~leCKOfi Cc- der snad leuqel au sniom enu sed -airav krow ni hcihw at tsael eno fo eht T,,, “pi, KOTOpO\I XOTR 6bI OLIIIH II3 emiger oirotisnart id anu eter selb taté’d ,eirav tnemelarénég -nep etats selbairav si ,gnignahc yllausu ore Bopr-elsapan I13\ieHReTCR, etnëisnart dnatseot nav nee tnad enu etruoc .eérud rof a trohs .doirep oObi~lH0 B TecleHne KO~OTKO~O IIH- meetsys 1-epaa.Ta .iIHei\eps nats ywoicljezrp umetsys ogenzcytegreneortkele tksimanyd dnatsllit 80-20-306 luclac ed xulf ed ecnassiup daol wolf noitaluclac r-escap n~Ine~~e~epncapo~oTon gnunhcerBulftsaL olucltc led ojulf ed sagrac luclaC ed uaesér ne emigér ilbaté A etats-ydaets krowten noitaluclac PacLleT î--ieKTpriLlecKofi ce-m npri oloclac led ossulf id aznetop ruop leuqel sel selbairav taté’d erehw eht nwonk selbairav era -ni yCTaHOBIiBUle\LCR peittrille npIi gninekereh nav ed -sgnitsaleb seunnoc tnos sed secnassiup -ne’d tup dna tuptuo srewop at eht sedon 3aldHHblX \iOUIHOCTRX B y3JaX Ii gniledrev eért te ed eitros ,te ,tnemelleutnevé dna ylbissop segatlov at deificeps HanpSI-~eHliSiX B HeKOTOpbiX 113 HIIX. einazcilbo uwyipzor ycom des snoisnet ne sed sduœn .sénnod nodes. gninkiireb va -rofsgnintsaleb gninled 90-20-306 noitamitse taté’d etats noitamitse ouemia pe~II\Ia gnuztiihcssdnatsuZ noitamitse ed odatse noitanimretéD rap el luclac ed la -ér ehT noitatupmoc fo eht tsom -borp TelLcaP eel.oGnaH xlbHTsopeB TOKOB amits id otats noititrap la sulp elbaborp sed -uoc elba stnerruc dna segatlov nihtiw iI MMHeKizpnaH B î-~eKTpWieCKOfi ce- gnittahcssdnatseot stnar te sed snoisnet nu’d uaesér à the network at a given instant by TII B JaHHbl \iO\lcHT Bpe\lcHli ny- einazcilbo uwylpzor wodprp un tnatsni énnod i ritrap nu’d -sys solving a system of mostly non-lin- Te\l pellleHMR CCiCTc\ibi ypaBHeHlifi i womoizop @ipan emèt snoitauqé’d tnevuos non -il ear snoitauqe esohw sretemarap era c IICnOJlb30BaHIIe\I 1136bITO’iHbIX gninmiitsebsdnatsllit seriaén tnod sel sertèmarap tnos -bo deniatbo yb snaem fo tnadnuder IaHHblX H3\iepeHIIfi. sunet rap sed serusem .setnadnoder .stnemerusaem 01-20-306 luclac ed tiucric-truoc tiucric-trohs noitaluclac r-escap ~iopo~~ioro 3avbINaHm gnunhcerehBulhcszruK oluclac ed otiucricotroc Détermination par el luclac sed ehT computation of the currents OnpezeUieHne TOKOB ti HanprlxeHnGi oloclac id otroc otiucric stnaruoc te sed snoisnet -siarappa dna segatlov nihtiw a krowten -bus B 3neKTpri~iecKoïi cexi npn ~0p0T- gninekerebtiulstrok sant dans un réseau en cas de court- detcej ta a trohs .tiucric Ko11 3a\lblKatnin. einazcilbo wodqrp -oicrawz .tiucric hcyw gninkiirebsgnintulstrok 11-20-306 uaesér tnelaviuqé tnelaviuqe krowten nanTnel;anunP3 ceTb ztenztasrE der etnelaviuqe uaeséR iuq tuep ertê éutitsbus à un A network hcihw yam ecalper a 32eKrpnciecKafl CeTb, KOTOparl eter etnelaviuqe uaesér érédisnoc snas reifidom sel nevig network without changing the \Iox’eT 3aUeH111‘b pacc\laTpMsae- tnelaviuqe ten selbairav taté’d ne sed sdueon -norf state variables at specifïed bound- 11~x2 ce-rb 6e3 u3SieHeHnx napaxie- Ceis aniawonwor tières définis. ary nodes. TpOB peWi\la B TpaHM’IHbiX (Bbl- tnelavivketiin ; tnelavivke t%n XOIIHblX) y3JlaX. )306(05 0 1 CE 6891 -5- 21-20-306 noitamrofsnart nu’d uaesér krowten noisrevnoc ; eImaB03ap6oepn iCoiIcerIIpTaen3 gnuldnawmuzteN krowten noitamrofsnart CeTIl noitamrofsnart ed anu der ; noisrevnoc ed anu der noitamrofsnarT rap el luclac nu’d ehT noitamrofsnart fo a krowten -ni eeHaB03ap6oep~ ifoHHa2 -?ipTKeas enoizamrofsart id anu eter uaesér ne un uaesér .tnelaviuqé ta a detaluclac tnelaviuqe .krowten YecKoi? CeTlI B 3KBliBa-leHTHytO eitamrofsnartten CeTb. eineclatzskezrp iceis noitkudertS 31-20-306 noitamrofsnart enogylop-elioté nogylop-rats noisrevnoc ; eIInaB03ap6oepn Ib23eB3 gnuldnawmU-kceleiV-nretS nogylop-rats noitamrofsnart B \IH0~0y~O~lbHIIH njkcamrofsnart -allertse onogilop ; mCisrevnoc -se noitamrofsnarT nu’d uaesér rap -ér A krowten noisrevnoc yb noitcuder eiiHas03ap6oeplF 3,1eKTpllLleCKOfi onogilop-allert noitcud du erbmon ed .sdueon fo eht rebmun fo .sedon CeTIl c i\ellHeuLbHeisy ancmI y3JIOB. enoizamrofsart -nairt-allets olog eitamrofsnartkeohleev-rets einectatzskezrp -eiw-adzaiwg lobol gniremrofsnartnogylop-nriijts 41-20-306 noitamrofsnart elioté-elgnairt eyw-atled noisrevnoc ; eIIuaB03ap6oepn aKImbI;oryepT gnuldnawmU-nretS-kceierD rats-atled noitamrofsnart B 3Be3Jy nbicamrofsnart -olugnairt allertse ; noisrevnoc -nairt noitamrofsnarT nu’d uaesér rap -ér A krowten noisrevnoc yb noitcuder eirsaaosap6oeplF 3,~eKTpll~lecKoM allertse-olug noitcud du erbmon ed .selliam fo eht rebmun fo .sehsem ceTIl c ysleHbiIleHlle\l vlic;la KOHTy- enoizamrofsart -olognairt POB. allets eitamrofsnartrets-keoheird eineclatzskezrp -$kjbrt adzaiwg gniremrofsnartnrajts-legnairt 51-20-306 uaesér fitca evitca krowten aIiTIIBHblii \IHOrOIlO;IIOCHIIN sevitka Netz der avitca uaeséR tnanerpmoc sed secruos ed A krowten gnidulcni egatlov 32eKTpwiecKarl ceTb, co3epxaman eter avitta noisnet uo/te sed secruos ed -uoc secruos ro/dna tnerruc .secruos IICTOLiHIiKM Ha”p%XeHlM MZl1M MC- feitca ten .tnar TO’IHMKM TOKa ml11 Te II npyme. teis acajareiwaz ald0ri iigrene tvitka tiin 61-20-306 uaesér fissap evissap krowten IïIbeBuccan ’hImcmIjonoronI~ sevissap Netz der avisap uaeséR en tnanerpmoc in secruos A krowten gnidulcni rehtien egatlov xaece9apTKea3 ceTb, He coaepxa- eter avissap ed noisnet in secruos ed .tnaruoc secruos ron tnerruc .secruos UaFI EICTOSHI1KOB HalIpRXeHHR FI feissap ten TOKâ. Ceis zeb ledori iigrene tvissap t%n 71-20-306 uaesér tnelaviuqé fissap evissap tnelaviuqe krowten nanBuCcan naHTHenaBIIBiI3 ceTb sevissap ztenztasrE der avisap etnelaviuqe uaeséR tnelaviuqé tnatlusér enu’d ehT tnelaviuqe krowten gnitluser YaCTWIHO 3KBMBaJeHTHaSl 3JleKTpW eter avissap etnelaviuqe noitamrofsnart en tnatrop euq rus morf a krowten noisrevnoc deilppa LiecKax ceTb, nony9eHHan nyreu feissap tnelaviuqe ten sel sertèmarap du .uaesér ylno ta eht metsys .sretemarap xxHas03ap6oepn Bopr-el>apan -CM Ceis aniawonwjir (bez ledori ifOHnOX .ixec )iigrene vissap tnelavivketiin -6- )306(05 0 1EC 6891 81-20-306 emigér érbiliuqé nu’d uaesér decnalab etats fo a esahpylop CII\I\IeTpII’fHblïi peitilI\I \11101-O- dnatsuzrehcsirtemmys senie ésahpylop krowten +a3Hoii s.IeuTpIIreciioïi 0x11 negisahprhem Netzes nemigér odarbiliuqe ed anu emig-iR snad leuqel sel snoisnet te ehT noitidnoc ni hcihw eht segatlov VIIX~P ibr-ooap ifoitcevnpTKe1.3 -ec der acisafilop sel stnaruoc snad sel sruetcudnoc ed dna stnerruc ni eht esahp -cudnoc TII, npii KOTOPO\I @asHbie Hanpnme- emiger otarbiliuqe id anu eter esahp constituent sed semètsys -op srot mrof decnalab esahpylop .stes HIIH II TOKII 06pa3yFOT cil\NeTpliT esafilop sésahpyl .sérbiliuqé Hbre \lHoro@a3Hb~e cIlcTe\lbI. ebcsirtemmys dnatseot nav nee tennesafreem enreimonwor eineiaicbo zaf iceis tksirtemmys dnatsllittiin 91-20-306 emigér érbiliuqéséd nu’d uaesér decnalabnu etats fo a esahpylop HeCll\I\IeTpII’,HbIii peXilI\I \IHOIO- rehcsirtemmysnu dnatsuZ ésahpylop krowten Molxa@ 3.letiTprlrecliofi ulec senie negisahprhem Netzes nemigér odarhiliuqised ed emigéR snad leuqel sel snoisnet /te ehT noitidnoc ni hcihw eht segatlov I\IIXYP paiio.rbl \i~~oro~asHofi 3:leK- anu der acisafilop ou sel courants snad les conduc- ro/dna stnerruc ni eht esahp con- Tplitiech-0E cen i, IlPlI h-a-ropov emiger otarbiliuqs id anu eter sruet ed esahp en tneutitsnoc sap srotcud od ton mrof decnalab -ylop @a3Hble rtanpmeEiii54 11.111 roKiI i{e esafilop sed semètsys sésahpylop .sérbiliuqé esahp .stes oSpa3yto-r clf\i\leTpIiLItibix \i~ioi-o- ehcsirtemmysa dnatseot nav @a3Hbix CIiCle\l. nee tennesafreem enreimonworein eineiaicbo zaf iceis tksirtemmyso dnatsllittG 02-20-306 ecnadépmi eirés ; seires ecnadepmi ; no.uioe npo.lo.IbIloe znadepmisgniiL ecnadépmi elanidutignol lanidutignol ecnadepmi euue~.~ur~p~~o~ aicnadepmi eires ; aicnadepmi lanidutignol ecnadépmI ertne sel senrob ed ehT ecnadepmi neewteb eht phase ll».lHor coiipoi IIn.lefliie lie-wy aznedepmi eires ; aznedepmi esahp snad el etropib tnelaviuqé slanimret ni eht trop-owt krowten tioi~ua\~rt c]~3bi 13 7tmlfmletf I Ho\1 elanidutignol nu’d tnemélé nu’d uaesér -imretéd tnelaviuqe ta a nevig krowten -noc ehll~~co~~;o~~sy~~i_ 2atl1Ioro -liel\el.3 eitnadepmi-eires ; -epmisgnal né. panent. 121 -3.retclprivecxoÏi ceill. eitnad ajcnadepmi aniuidzw -erezs( 4og snadepmieires 12-20-306 ecnattimda ne noitaviréd ; tnuhs ecnattimda lfassepenon bTcol\uAoeopn znattimdareuQ ecnattimda elasrevsnart aicnatimda ne noicavired ; aicnatimda lasrevsnart ecnattimdA ertne un noeud ed esahp ehT ecnattimda neewteb a etinifed no.-iHa53 npOBOllI\lOCTb \le;hJY aznettemma atavired ; -ma énimretéd te la enrob ed ecneréfér esahp edon dna eht ecnerefer -imrét IaHHbl\i y3.,0\, aalbi II OnOpHbi\i aznettem elasrevsart snad el etropib tnelaviuqé nu’d -élé lan ni eht ma-port network equiva- Y3.7O\L 3KBIIBa.leHTHOTO AByXFiO- eitnattimda-tnuhs ; -dasrawd tnem nu’d uaesér .énimretéd tnel ta a nevig krowten .tnenopmoc aKiiiicmI. MoKcei~lipTKei.î .lITec eitnattim ajcnatimda anzcezrpop -zcob( )awokin snattimdatnuhs 22-20-306 ecnadépmi ed tuaféd tluaf ecnadepmi conpo-rIIB.leHIIe B \iecTe znadepmirelheF 3a\IbIKaIim aicnadepmi ed atlaf aznedepmi id otsaug ecnadépmI à tiordne’l du tuaféd -ne ehT ecnadepmi at eht tniop fo eht ConporriBi;ieiiiie B lieme 3a\lbiKa- eitnadepmituof tre el ruetcudnoc ed esahp -ceféd tluaf neewteb eht detluaf esahp -noc Hil5, \,e%Jy ~IOBpCMeHHOti (Pa30fi II ajcnadepmi acsjeim aicrawz tueux et la terre ou entre les rotcud dna htrae )dnuorg( ro -eb 3e\LlelÏ 11.111 \ie;h-ly IlOBpY&lCHHbl- snadepmilef sruetcudnoc ed sesahp .xueutceféd neewt eht detluaf esahp srotcudnoc \III <I)asa\iii. .sevlesmeht Esenyle : E.wrnple: Llpm~ep : ecnatsiséR .cra’d crA .ecnatsiser eiiiei.eii~opnoC irryz iipn 3aSlbiKa- HIiIi.

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