Guerrilla Soldier, Commander, and Strategist, 1956–1967 PAUL J. DOSAL The Pennsylvania State University Press University Park, Pennsylvania Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dosal, Paul J. (Paul Jaime), 1960– Comandante Che : guerrilla soldier, commander, and strategist, 1956–1967 / Paul J. Dosal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-271-02261-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Guevara, Ernesto, 1928–1967—Military leadership. 2. Cuba—History—1933–1959. 3. Insurgency—History—20th century. 4. Guerrilla warfare—History—20th century. 5. Guerrillas—Cuba—Biography. I. Title. F2849.22 .G85 D67 2003 2003004755 355.4'25'092—dc21 Copyright © 2003The Pennsylvania State University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48–1992. We must carry the war into every corner the enemy happens to carry it: to his home, to his centers of entertainment; a total war. It is necessary to prevent him from having a moment of peace, a quiet moment outside his barracks or even inside; we must attack him wherever he may be, make him feel like a cornered beast wherever he may move. (cid:209)che guevara, (cid:210)message to the tricontinental,(cid:211) 1967 I dedicate this book to my father, louis dosal (1928—2002) List of Maps xi Preface xiii Nobody Surrenders Here! 1 The Making of a Revolutionary 23 The Making of a Guerrilla 45 Comandante Che 67 All Guns to the Sierra 95 The Conquest of Santa Clara 131 Guerrilla Warfare 165 The Tricontinental Strategy 193 The History of a Failure 219 Here I Am Adviser to No One 247 Not Another Vietnam 275 Conclusion 305 Bibliography 317 Index 327 ix