Color Atlas of Zebrafish Histology and Cytology

314 Pages·2022·35.186 MB·English

by  Jinxing Lin, Qiusheng Chen, Jianhua Hu

Jinxing Lin
Qiusheng Chen
Jianhua Hu
Color Atlas
of Zebrafish
Histology
and Cytology
fi
Color Atlas of Zebra sh Histology and Cytology
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Jinxing Lin Qiusheng Chen Jianhua Hu
fi
Color Atlas of Zebra sh
Histology and Cytology
JinxingLin QiushengChen
ShanghaiLaboratoryAnimalResearch NanjingAgriculturalUniversity
Center Nanjing,China
Shanghai,China
JianhuaHu
ShanghaiLaboratoryAnimalResearch
Center
Shanghai,China
ISBN978-981-16-9851-4 ISBN978-981-16-9852-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9852-1
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Foreword
Laboratoryanimalsarenotonlythebasisofresearchinthefieldoflifesciences,but
also important supporting conditions for the biomedical industry. In recent years,
zebrafish, as the representative offishlaboratory animals, has become thefocus of
researchers in the field of life science. Zebrafish is a new type of vertebrate model
animalandisoneofthefishlaboratoryanimalsrecognizedbyISO.
Zebrafish, with its outstanding biological characteristics, has been effectively
used in the research of embryonic development regulation mechanism, disease
model,immunemechanism,drugscreening,andenvironmentaldetection.Zebrafish
hasbecomeastandardmaterialandplatformtoolduetoitsobviouscharacteristicsof
high homology with human genome, complete genome annotation, and easy gene
manipulation. Some major research projects have carried out high-level scientific
research with zebrafish as a model animal and achieved ideal results. In contrast,
thereisstillalackofsystematicandeffectivedataonthetissuemorphologyandcell
structureofzebrafish,whichaffectsthecelllocalizationandstructureinterpretation
in vivo, and it is impossible to relate the results of molecular biology experiment
with the structure in vivo. In particular, the tissue structure and cell localization of
main organs often show deviation, which greatly reduces the accuracy of the
experiment.
Cellsarethebasicunitsoflifeactivities.Differenttissuesandcellsarethetargets
of various animal experiments or stimulus responses. They are indispensable basic
data and reference standards for innovative research and application. The lack of a
precise understanding of structure and morphology will affect the interpretation of
development,disease,andanimalproduction.
Continuousinviewofthis,theauthorshavecontinuouslycompletedthesubject
of zebrafish major organs morphology, accumulated a certain amount of morpho-
logicaldataandresults,andcollectedalargeamountofhigh-qualityimagesofthe
zebrafish histology and cytology. These original images include gross anatomical
structure,microstructure,ultrastructure,alargenumberofhistochemistry/immuno-
histochemistry, and special stained slice images. Combined with computer-aided
technology,the3Dreconstructionofmainorganswascarriedouttoshowthethree-
v
vi Foreword
dimensionalmorphologyofzebrafishorgans.Inordertosystematicallyorganizeand
summarize these maps, the researchers published the monograph “Color Atlas of
ZebrafishHistologyandCytology.”
Thebookisthefirstmonographtointroducezebrafishstructureandmorphology
inChina. Ithascharacteristics, systematiccontent,andrichpictures andtexts.Itis
believed that the publication of the book is conducive to the scientific research
workers to intuitively and concretely understand the morphological structure and
structural positioning of the main organs of zebrafish and will effectively promote
theinnovativeresearchandpracticalapplicationinthefieldofzebrafish,aswellas
thereplacementandreductionofmammalsinanimalexperiments.
AcademicianofChineseAcademy HualanChen
ofSciences,Harbin,China
HarbinVeterinaryResearchInstitute
ChineseAcademyofAgricultural
Sciences(CAAS),Harbin,China
August2018
Summary of Contents
Thebookisdividedinto15chaptersandcontainsmorethan700pictures.Firstly,it
shows the histological panorama of the whole zebrafish both in cross and longitu-
dinalsections.Andthen,itcoversandinterpretsthetissuesandorgansofzebrafish
in detail, including oropharynx, taste buds, pharyngeal teeth, esophagus, intestine,
liver, bile duct, pancreas, gill, pseudobranch, swim bladder, body kidney (middle
kidney), pronephros (head kidney), ureter, testis, sperm, ovary, oocyte, thymus,
spleen, pituitary gland, thyroid, ultimobranchial gland, adrenal gland, heart, blood
vessel, skin, scale, fin, brain, spinal cord, ganglion, eye, inner ear, olfactory sac,
lateralline,muscle,spine,bone,andcartilage.
This book is an academic monograph that systematically and comprehensively
introduces thehistologyandcytologyofzebrafish.Allthepictures inthebookare
from the scientific experiment color pictures accumulated by the research group.
Theseoriginalpicturesincludebothlightmicroscopicstructure(microstructure)and
electron microscopic structure (ultrastructure). A large number of histochemistry/
immunohistochemistryandspecialstainedsliceimageshavebeenobtained,andthe
3D reconstruction of main organs has been carried out in combination with
computer-aided technology to show the three-dimensional morphology of the
zebrafish organs. The publication of this book has important morphological refer-
encevalue,whichwillbeconducivetotheintuitiveandspecificunderstandingofthe
morphologicalstructureandstructuralpositioningofthemainorgansofzebrafish.It
willeffectivelypromotethescientificresearchofzebrafishinthefieldoflifescience
asamodelanimal.
vii
Introduction
Zebrafish(Daniorerio)belongstoDaniogenusofCyprinidae,subclassradialis.Itis
anexperimentalfishrecognizedbytheISO.Itisalsooneofthefourmodelanimals
for life science research. Zebrafish has the characteristics and advantages of easy
feeding, small size, short growth and reproduction cycle, transparent embryo,
in vitro development, clear genetic background, high homology with human
genome, relatively complete genome annotation, and easy genetic engineering
operation. It has been widely used in developmental biology, molecular biology,
cellbiology,genetics,immunologyneurobiology,oncology,pharmacology,animal
husbandry,veterinaryandfisheries,toxicologyandenvironmentaltesting,andother
disciplines. Zebrafish has become an important model vertebrate star, playing an
increasingly important role in the field of life sciences and agricultural research. A
number of large research projects on zebrafish have been completed or are in
progressaroundtheworld,suchaszebrafishgenome-sequencingproject,zebrafish
mutation project and related databases, as well as other large research projects on
zebrafish and related databases. The implementation of these major plans fully
showsthepracticalsignificanceofzebrafishresearchinlifescience.
Intheworldwide,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheresearchfieldofzebrafish.
Butthereisstillalackofsystematicdataonthetissuestructureandcellmorphology
ofzebrafish,whichlimitsandhindersthein-depthresearchinzebrafish-relatedfields
to a certain extent. In recent years, based on the series of “Zebrafish organ dimen-
sional reconstruction” projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,
the authors have accumulated a large number of morphological data and structural
pictures,analyzedandinterpretedtheirstructuralsignificance,andgraduallyformed
a series of achievements. These valuable experimental results are expected to be
published in the form of color atlas, which will provide an effective reference for
furtherexperimentalresearchandteachingofzebrafish.
In this monograph, the tissue structure and cell composition of various system
organsofzebrafishareillustratedbycolorpicturesatthemicrostructural,ultrastruc-
tural, and molecular levels. The distribution laws of important macromolecular
substances are displayed, and the morphological relationships among different
components are analyzed. Each picture is attached with a brief description of the
ix
x Introduction
structureandfunctionalsignificance,whichisconvenientforreaderstoconnectwith
theoretical knowledge and grasp the structural characteristics when observing the
picture.Sothattheabstractandboringmorphologicalknowledgebecomesvividand
concreteandintuitive.
Morethan700structuralphotosselectedinthismonographareallcolormapsof
the research group, which are original and include major organs: digestive tract,
liver,pancreas,gill,pseudogill,maw,renal(kidney),headkidney,thymus,spleen,
pituitary, thyroid, brain, spinal cord, ganglion, blood vessels, heart, testis, sperm,
ovaries,eggs,skin,eyes,ears,tastebuds,blood,muscle,boneandcartilage,fat,etc.
In addition, 3D reconstruction of the main organs of zebrafish is completed by
computer-aided technology to show the three-dimensional morphology of organs
inanintuitiveform.
Thecontentsofthismonographstrivetobesystematicandcomplete.Lightand
electronmicroscopycooperatewitheachother,andvarioustechnologiesverifyeach
other, reflecting the main characteristics and important functional significance of
cellsandtissueinmultipledirections.Itcanbeusedasareferenceforpostgraduates
and researchers majoring in anatomy, biology, animal medicine, animal science,
fisheries,developmentalbiology,medicine,andexperimentalanimals.
In the process of writing, the authors, adhering to the scientific and rigorous
attitude and writing seriously, but limited to the professional level and writing
ability, there would still be omissions, deficiencies, and even mistakes. Welcome
thecriticismandcorrectionofthemajorityreaders,sincerely.
Contents
1 WholeZebrafishSectionAtlas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 LongitudinalSection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 CrossSection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 DigestiveTract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.1 OropharynxandTasteBud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.1.1 Oropharynx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.1.2 TasteBud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.1.3 PharyngealTeeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2 Esophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3 Intestine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3.1 AnatomyofIntestine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3.2 StructureofIntestinalWall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.3 MicrostructureofEachSegmentofIntestine. . . . . . . . 46
2.3.4 UltrastructureofIntestine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3.5 IntestinalMucosalBarrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.3.6 ExtracellularVesicleandExosomeintheIntestine. . . . 62
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3 DigestiveGland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.1 Liver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.1.1 AnatomyofLiver. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 83
3.1.2 MicrostructureofLiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.1.3 UltrastructureofLiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.2 BileCanaliculiSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2.1 IntracellularorIntercellularCanaliculi. . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2.2 BilePreductule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.2.3 BileDuctule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.2.4 BileDuct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.2.5 SpecialStainingofBileCanaliculiSystem. . . . . . . . . . 102
xi