Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, Volume 3, The Dog and Cat, 2nd Edition

1218 Pages·2009·99.33 MB·English

by  Stanley H. Done BA BVetMed PhD DECPHM DECVP FRCVS FRCPath

COLOR ATLAS OF VETERINARY
ANATOMY
THE DOG & CAT
Second Edition
Stanley H. Done, BA BVetMed PhD DECPHM DECVP FRCVS
FRCPath Visiting Professor of Veterinary Pathology, University of
Glasgow Veterinary School Former Lecturer in Veterinary Anatomy,
Royal Veterinary College, London The late
Peter C. Goody, MSC (Ed) PhD
Former Lecturer in Veterinary Anatomy, Royal Veterinary College, London
Neil C. Stickland, BSc PhD DSc Professor of Veterinary Anatomy,
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London
Susan A. Evans, MIScT AIMI MIAS
Former Chief Technician in Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Basic
Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London With radiographs provided by
Elizabeth A. Baines, MA VetMB DVR DipECVDI MRCVS
Lecturer in Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical
Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London
Elsevier Inc.
DEDICATION
This volume is dedicated to the late Peter Goody
Copyright
MOSBY ELSEVIER
© Times Mirror International Publishers Limited 1996
© Mosby International Limited 2000
© 2002, Elsevier Science Limited.
© 2009, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights
Department: phone: [phone] (US) or ([phone]
(UK); fax: (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail:
[email protected]. You may also complete your
request on-line via the Elsevier website at
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
First edition 1996
Second edition 2009
ISBN 97807234-3415-3
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of
Congress Notice
Neither the Publisher nor the Authors assume any responsibility
for any loss or injury and/or damage to persons or property arising
out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. It
is the responsibility of the treating practitioner, relying on
independent expertise and knowledge of the patient, to determine the
best treatment and method of application for the patient.
The Publisher
Printed in China
For Elsevier
Commissioning Editor: Robert Edwards Development Editor:
Lynn Watt Project Manager: Nancy Arnott Designer/Design
Direction: George Ajayi Illustration Manager: Merlyn Harvey
Illustrators: Jane Catherall, Samantha Elmhurst, Jenni Miller,
Maurice Murphy, Lynda R Payne, Lee Smith, Marion Tasker
PREFACE
This third volume in the series, like the first two on the ruminant
and horse, is primarily intended for veterinary students and practising
veterinary surgeons. Nevertheless, we confidently expect it to appeal
to a wider audience including dog and cat enthusiasts, research
workers, comparative anatomists, premedical students, in fact anyone
with a desire to appreciate the topographical anatomy of the domestic
carnivores.
The book presents the important features of regional and
topographical anatomy in a series of full-color photographs of
detailed dissections. These structures are identified in accompanying
colored and extensively labelled drawings. The nomenclature is
based on that of the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (1983) with the
Latin terminology used for muscles, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and
nerves, but the terminology anglicised for most other structures.
Captions for the photographs give additional information necessary
for their interpretation, such as those structures removed or displaced
to obtain the picture.
A criticism levelled at using embalmed cadavers for dissection is
that they lack ‘realism’, normal color and form, and often bear little
resemblance to organs in their natural state. This criticism indeed has
some validity if one is actually doing the dissecting – embalmed
material does not have the ‘feel’ of fresh material having lost its
elasticity and pliability. However, if one is considering the
topographical relationships between structures and their relative
positions then much of the criticism disappears, since the embalmed
cadaver is arguably better at displaying such relationships.
Photographs of such embalmed specimens are also clearer and more
readily interpreted than photographs of fresh material. Consequently
photography of embalmed latex injected specimens was preferred in
our attempts to impart an initial appreciation of regional and
topographical anatomy.
The dissections and photographs have been specially prepared for
this book, except for a few photographs of specimens in the Anatomy
Museum collection of the Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences,
The Royal Veterinary College London. The radiographs were
prepared originally for teaching purposes and correspond in large
measure to radiographs that practising veterinary surgeons would
routinely be interpreting.
Three dogs, two bitches and two cats were dissected for this work.
It was not the object of the book to consider intraspecific variation
and so breed differences have been ignored in the dissections. Each
animal was dissected completely through a progressive series of
dissections. We therefore encountered similar problems to those
facing a veterinary student dissecting the same cadaver over a period
of some months with consequent deterioration.
The specimens were embalmed using methods routinely employed
in the Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences at The Royal
Veterinary College. Their blood vessels were subsequently injected
with colored neoprene latex and they were stored in formalin (7%).
The aim of the dissections is to display the topography of the
animal to, among others, the veterinary student and surgeon. Unlike
the ox and horse, however, a routine clinical examination of the dog
or cat is not restricted to a lateral approach with the animal in the
standing position. Thus, while lateral views predominate to
correspond and make comparison with the horse and ox, they are
supplemented by numerous dissections from a ventral approach.
Also, as with the ox and horse, we have as far as possible avoided
photographs of parts removed from the body, or the use of views
from unusual angles or of unusual bodily positions.
This volume differs from the first two volumes in several ways.
The general introductory chapter and the inclusion of radiographs
was not a feature of the earlier volumes. Radiography of the ox and
horse, apart from the practical problems of obtaining good
radiographs, is also of restricted value in providing topographical
information. In the smaller domestic animals it is obviously easier to
accomplish and provides much useful information to supplement
dissections. Secondly, an additional chapter is devoted specifically to
the vertebral column with special emphasis on the disposition of the
epaxial musculature. Thirdly, transverse sections through the various
regions are used to assist in the interpretation of three-dimensional
topography, as in modern imaging methods.
A significant difference between this edition of the volume and
previous editions is the addition of new radiographs, CT and MRI
scans which are placed throughout the book in appropriate chapters.
A second major difference is the inclusion of clinical notes at the
beginning of each main chapter. These notes highlight the areas of
anatomy which are of particular clinical significance. Finally, over
60 self-assessment questions are available online with this new
edition to help test learning. We feel that these additions to the book
add considerably to its usefulness especially to the aspiring
veterinary surgeon.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Since the first edition our colleague Peter Goody has died. He was our
friend, colleague and co-worker. He was a meticulous anatomist and
considerable artist and his contribution to this revised edition has been greatly
missed. It is therefore our pleasure to dedicate this edition to his memory and to
make him first author. Without his efforts the first edition of the dog volume
would never have been undertaken.
The dissections and photography for this book were carried out in the
Anatomy division of the Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences at The Royal
Veterinary College London. We are grateful to the department for the provision
of specialised facilities without which this work would not have been possible.
Whilst the dissecting was shared, sole responsibility for the photography rested
with Sue Evans. In addition, with authors based in different locations, the
logistics of producing the book relied heavily on her organisation. The other
authors would like to take this opportunity to express the debt of gratitude they
owe her for the time, trouble and attention to detail that she displayed in
producing the splendid photographs, and for her consummate skill in managing
the whole effort.
A number of people and organisations provided assistance during the course
of producing the book. We extend our thanks to the following: Initial funding for
the project was provided by Gower Medical Publishing. The task of preparing
and caring for the specimens before and during the dissections was undertaken
by Andrew Crook and Graham Hagger. A number of the dissections of the cat
received assistance from Fay Cullingham.
Animals were loaned for photography by Mrs J. Lonsdale, Mrs V. Pritchard,
Mr I. Bailey, and Mr J. Moseley.
Film processing was undertaken by Lightbox Creative Services of Camden
Town – their rapid and efficient turnaround service was most appreciated.
Library Services were provided by The Royal Veterinary College in Camden
Town and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in Weybridge.
Assistance in the interpretation of radiographs in the first edition was provided
by Mr S. Dean BVetMed DVR MRCVS, to whom we are indebted. We are
grateful to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food for the liberal
interpretation of ‘flexitime’ working and annual leave provision without which
SHD could not have found the time for dissection. We are also indebted to