Colonial Urban Development: Culture, Social Power and Environment

347 Pages·2007·8.707 MB·English

by  Anthony D. King

THE CITY
COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CITIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Culture, Social Power and Environment
ANTHONY D. KING
Routledge
Taylor &. Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published in 1976
This edition published in 2007
Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Transferred to Digital Printing 2007
© 1976 Anthony D. King
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
The publishers have made every effort to contact authors and copyright
holders of the works reprinted in the The City series. This has not been
possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence
from those individuals or organisations we have been unable to trace.
These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases
the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to
great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out
that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Colonial Urban Development
ISBN10: 0-415-41814-3 (volume)
ISBN10: 0-415-41923-9 (subset)
ISBN10: 0-415-41318-4 (set)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-41814-0 (volume)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-41923-9 (subset)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-41318-3 (set)
Routledge Library Editions: The City
COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Culture, social power and environment
Anthony D King
Departments of Sociology and Building Technology
Brunei University
Routledge & Kegan Paul
London, Henley and Boston
First published in 19 76
by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd
39 Store Street,
London WC1E 7DD
Broadway House,
Newtown Road,
Henley-on-Thames,
Oxon RG9 1EN and
9 Park Street,
Boston, Mass. 02108, USA
Typed by Jeanne Bellovics
Printed and bound in Great Britain
by Unwin Brothers Limited,
The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey
A member of the Staples Printing Group
© Anthony D King 1976
No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without permission from the
publisher, except for the quotation of brief
passages in criticism
ISBN 0 7100 8404 8
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
PREFACE xii
Part one 1
1 COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE PROBLEM STATED 2
1 The basic themes 2
2 The origins of the study 3
3 The urban structure of Delhi 6
4 Culture as variable in man-environment
studies 11
5 The colonial city as a laboratory for cross-
cultural research 13
6 Methodology 16
7 Data 18
2 TOWARDS A THEORY OF COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT 22
1 The need for a theory of colonial urban
development 22
2 A conceptual framework for the study of
colonial urbanisation 26
3 Socio-spatial structure in the colonial
ci ty 33
4 The component parts of the colonial city 34
3 THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF COLONIAL
URBAN DEVELOPMENT 41
1 Institutions as the core of culture 41
2 Institutions as instruments for the
examination of urban form 44
3 The colonial third culture 58
v
vi Contents
Part two 67
4 THE LANGUAGE OF COLONIAL URBANISATION 68
1 Language and culture 68
2 Aims, data sources and method 70
3 Key terminology in the language of
colonial urbanisation 71
4 Principles of classification 73
5 Political-administrative units in the
colonised society 75
6 The terminology of colonial urbanisation:
the urban and urban sector level 78
7 The terminology of colonial urbanisation:
the unit and micro level 82
8 Ethnoscience and urban analysis 94
5 MILITARY SPACE: THE CANTONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 97
1 The cantonment as culture-specific environment 97
2 Location and lay-out 98
3 Modifications in the man-environment
relationship 102
4 Levels of environmental control: a descriptive
model 103
5 Locational responses to disease: the choice
of site 108
6 Developmental responses to disease: the
modification of the local environment 112
7 The micro environment 115
8 The behavioural element in the man-environment
relationship 115
9 The inter-dependence of environment and
behaviour 118
10 Conclusion 121
6 RESIDENTIAL SPACE: THE BUNGALOW-COMPOUND COMPLEX
AS A STUDY IN THE CULTURAL USE OF SPACE 123
1 The bungalow-compound as a culturally constituted
behavioural environment 123
2 The settlement context of the complex 124
3 Structural differences in economy, society
and urban form: a comparison 127
4 The complex as culture area and territory 130
5 Factors in the utilisation of space: the site 131
6 Factors in the utilisation of space:
the compound 132
7 Territorial markings 144
8 Factors in the utilisation of space: the
bungalow 146
9 Factors in the utilisation of space: the
verandah 148
10 Factors in the orientation of the bungalow 153
11 Conclusion 154
vii Contents
SOCIAL SPACE: THE HILL STATION AS A CULTURAL
COMMUNITY 156
1 The hill station in the colonial urban
system 156
2 Explanatory variables: the political system 157
3 Explanatory variables: culture 159
4 Explanatory variables: technology 165
5 Social place: the hill station as alternative
environment 165
6 Institutions and their physical-spatial
environment 170
Part three 180
8 DELHI: A CASE STUDY IN COLONIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT 181
1 Introduction 181
2 Delhi as case-study 182
3 Phases of development 184
4 The indigenous city and its environs 185
5 The accommodation of a colonial culture, 1803-57 189
6 Government: military and civil provision 189
7 The accommodation of kinship requirements 19 5
8 The institution of religion 198
9 The educational requirement 200
10 Economic institutions 200
11 Social institutions 201
12 The accommodation of recreational activity 202
13 Summary 205
9 THE TRANSFORMATION OF A PRE-INDUSTRIAL CITY,
1857-1911 209
1 Introduction 209
2 The institution of government: the effects of
total control 210
3 The accommodation of residential requirements 213
4 The institution of religion 214
5 Government: the extension of civil and military
provision 216
6 Economic institutions 217
7 Social institutions 219
8 The accommodation of recreational activity 220
9 Extensions of government: the political space
of the durbars 22 3
10 Summary 228
lO IMPERIAL DELHI, 1911-47: A MODEL OF COLONIAL URBAN
DEVELOPMENT 2 31
1 Introduction 231
2 The temporary capital, 1911-21 232
3 The new colonial urban settlement located 2 34
4 Government: the military requirement 236
5 Government: the civil requirement 2 37
6 The effects of cultural change 239