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title : Colloquial Turkish : The Complete Course for Beginners Colloquial Series author : Aarssen, Jeroen.; Backus, Ad publisher : Taylor & Francis Routledge isbn10 | asin : 0415157463 print isbn13 : 9780415157469 ebook isbn13 : 9780203977323 language : English subject Turkish language--Textbooks for foreign speakers--English, Turkish language--Self- instruction. publication date : 2001 lcc : PL127.5.E5A37 2001eb ddc : 494/.3582421 subject : Turkish language--Textbooks for foreign speakers--English, Turkish language--Self- instruction. Page ii The Colloquial Series Series adviser: Gary King The following languages are available in the Colloquial series: Afrikaans Japanese Albanian Korean Amharic Latvian Arabic (Levantine) Lithuanian Arabic of Egypt Malay Arabic of the Gulf and Saudi Arabia Mongolian Norwegian Basque Panjabi Bulgarian Persian * Cambodian Polish * Cantonese Portuguese * Chinese Portuguese of Brazil Croatian and Serbian Romanian Czech * Russian Danish Slovak Dutch Slovene Estonian Somali Finnish * Spanish French Spanish of Latin America German Swedish Greek * Thai Gujarati Turkish Hindi Urdu Hungarian Ukrainian Indonesian * Vietnamese Italian Welsh Accompanying cassettes (*and CDs) are available for all the above titles. They can be ordered through your bookseller, or send payment with order to Taylor & Francis/Routledge Ltd, ITPS, Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hants SPIO 5BE, or to Routledge Inc., 29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001, USA. COLLOQUIAL CD-ROMs Multimedia Language Courses Available in: Chinese, French, Portuguese and Spanish Page iii Colloquial Turkish The Complete Course for Beginners Jeroen Aarssen and Ad Backus London and New York Page iv First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. © 2001 Jeroen Aarssen and Ad Backus All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Backus, Ad. Colloquial Turkish: the complete course for beginners/Jeroen Aarssen and Ad Backus. p. cm. 1. Turkish language-Textbooks for foreign speakers-English. 2. Turkish language-Self-instruction. I. Aarssen, Jeroen. II. Title. PL127.5E5 B33 2000 494′.3582421–dc21 99–056874 ISBN 0-203-97732-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-15746-3 (Print Edition) (book) 0-415-15747-1 (Print Edition) (cassette) 0-415-15748-X (Print Edition) (book and cassette course) Page v Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 1 Nasılsın? How are you? 5 2 Tatil yapıyoruz We’re on holiday 20 Page vi 13 Geçmiş olsun! Get well soon! 209 14 Sayın öğrencilerimizin dikkat edeceği hususlar Matters to which our respected students should pay attention 223 15 Size öğretip öğretemediklerimiz The things we could and couldn’t teach you 241 Ready-reference grammar 256 Key to exercises 263 Turkish-English glossary 302 English-Turkish glossary 322 Index Page vii Acknowledgements This course-book of modern colloquial Turkish took quite a while to write. We are grateful to the people at Routledge for putting up with the endless delays we requested after missing yet another deadline. Our thanks to the following companies and individuals for allowing us to use their material. To Remzi Kitabevi for the use of the recipe for ‘Malzeme’ from Türk Mutfak Sanati by Necip Usta. For the reading extract in Lesson 15, which was taken from the booklet ‘Hollandaca. Yirmi milyon Hollandalı’nın ve Flaman’ın konustuğu dil’ by O.Vandeputte, H.van der Heijden and J.Schipper, published in 1996 by the Flemish- Netherlands Foundation ‘Stichting Ons Erfdeel’, Murissonstraat 260, B8930 Rekkem (Belgium). Special thanks go to the people who got us interested in the Turkish language, whose efforts as teachers have directly led to our enthusiasm for the language, and hence to this course. We particularly thank Rik Boeschoten in this respect. We would also like to take the opportunity to thank the folks at our workplace, at Tilburg University in Holland, for providing us with an ideal base from which to operate. Work on the book benefited from, among other things, discussions on didactic matters and the opportunity to try out bits of this material in class. We owe a lot to the countless native speakers of Turkish who have helped us second language learners come to grips with the language’s particular difficulties and perhaps most of all at steering us away from the sorts of things learners traditionally obsess about, and in the direction of true colloquial language use. Thank you, Mustafa Güleç, Asli Özyürek, İlhan Solmaz, Emel Türker, Kutlay Yağmur. We hope the end result does not offend their feel for their mother tongue. Most of all, Saliha Şahin and Hanneke van der Heijden’s help proved crucial. Their work on our behalf went far beyond what could be expected of a friend/proofreader; we are indebted to them forever. Page viii The people at Routledge, most of all James Folan, Louise Patchett, Jane Butcher and Sophie Oliver, deserve our gratitude, not only for their patience, but also because they were reliable and efficient editors. We’d like to single out Gary King, without whom this book simply wouldn’t have been possible. Finally, we apologise to our families for spending all that time at the computer while fun could have been had. Jeroen Aarssen Ad Backus Tilburg, April 2000 Page 1 Introduction Turkey is sometimes referred to as the bridge between Europe and Asia, since a small part of it is located in Europe (west of the Bosporus, called Trakya ‘Thrace’) and the larger part in Asia (Anadolu ‘Anatolia’). Turkish is the official language of the Republic of Turkey, and the native language of around 55 million people (90% of the population of 64 million). Worldwide, the number of speakers is 60 million. Outside Turkey, you’ll find speakers of Turkish in, for instance, Germany (1.8 million), Bulgaria (800,000), Cyprus (177,000), The Netherlands (200,000) and the UK (40,000). The language family to which Turkish belongs is called Turkic. Other Turkic languages, most of them spoken in Central Asia, are Uzbek, Azerbaidjani, Turkmenian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Uyghur and Yakut. Some believe that Turkish and Mongolian are related, although this is still somewhat controversial. An eye-catching characteristic of Turkish is that it has long words. Turkish words are relatively long, since the language is agglutinative. In the word ‘agglutinative’ you can detect the English word ‘glue’. In fact, Turkish has a special way of ‘glueing’ parts of sentences to one another. First, you have words (nouns or verbs) which you can find in a dictionary. Second, there are so-called suffixes, little parts which have a meaning, but which cannot be used on their own. These suffixes have to be ‘glued’ to nouns or verbs. A big challenge for you as a language learner will be to understand this process of agglutination. How this course works This book is mainly organised around dialogues. Grammatical explanations are usually followed by exercises. In these exercises, you can practise newly learned information as well as information already digested in previous lessons. The key at the back of this Page 2 book plays a central role (a key role, if you like). Apart from providing the right answers to the exercises, it contains additional information and explanations about specific grammatical features of Turkish. Therefore, it is essential to use the key every time you have finished an exercise. The main focus of this course is on the colloquial spoken language. In addition, we’ve included a number of written texts, taken from various sources. Some of these are most likely a bit too difficult to grasp in their totality: the key is again an important instrument for tackling these texts. It will tell you exactly on which elements to focus your attention. There is also a number of tapes with dialogues and exercises from the textbook. Use these tapes for improving your pronunciation and listening proficiency. New words in a dialogue or an exercise are always listed below the text. If you don’t know a word and it’s not there, you must have seen it before but forgotten it. The thing to do in that case is to look for it in the glossary; you’ll find the English translation there. Example sentences will also contain new words once in a while. As these sentences are always accompanied by a translation, you can easily find the meaning of any unfamiliar words. As a general point, we would advise you to go back a few lessons once in a while and read through dialogues and example sentences, especially if you notice there are quite a few words in the lesson you are currently working on that you were apparently supposed to know already. But even if that is not the case, reading through Turkish dialogues and sentences in previous lessons is a good way of refreshing your command of vocabulary and turns of phrase. In the process, it will probably improve your self-confidence, as you will notice that, no matter how much you’re struggling with the current lesson, you have obviously learned a lot already. From this book you will learn Turkish. You will at least be able to handle everyday situations in Turkey and to read some Turkish texts. However, there is not a single language course in the world that can teach you every aspect of a language. We therefore strongly recommend that you complement this textbook with other activities and materials: Buy a Turkish newspaper! Purchase a dictionary! Get hold of a grammar book! Go to Turkey for a holiday! Page 3 Practise your Turkish in a Turkish restaurant! Please enjoy this course. İyi çalışmalar! Alphabet and pronunciation Before the ‘writing reform’ of 1928 the Arabic alphabet was used. Nowadays, Turkish uses the Latin script, with a small number of modifications. It has 29 characters: Page 4 ü as ü in German für Elise, which is pronounced in front of the mouth, with rounded lips. You could try to imagine Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau pronouncing the ‘oo’ in ‘my room’ v as w in English water y as y in English you z as z in English zebra Now listen to the pronunciation of the following words on tape: av—Avrupa—bacak—bahar—can—Cengiz—çıktı—çekirdek—duvar—düz—ellerinde —emin—foya—fuar—gittik—göl—ağır—dağ—sabah—hasret—ılık—kılıç—jeton— jandarma—kadar—keçi—leblebi—lamba—mum—melek—niye—nihaye—Orhan— otobüs—örneğin—öperim—pul—piyasa—radyo—rüya—siyaset—sandalye—şöyle— şalgam—tuvalet—tebrik—umarım—Urfa—ünlü—üzüldüm—var—vezir—yavru— yoksa—zaman—zemin Page 5 1 Nasılsın? How are you? In this lesson you will learn how to: • say ‘hello’, ‘goodbye’, and greet people • say the names for family members • understand and make simple introductions • use the present tense • say ‘with’, ‘my’, and make plurals Dialogue 1 Merhaba Hello Mustafa and Ayhan run into each other at the bus station. However, they don’t have all that much to say to each other MUSTAFA: Merhaba, Ayhan, nasılsın? AYHAN: İyidir, teşekkür ederim. Sen nasılsın? MUSTAFA: Ben de iyiyim. AYHAN: Peki, görüşürüz. MUSTAFA: Hello, Ayhan, how are you? AYHAN: Fine, thank you. And you? MUSTAFA: I’m fine too. AYHAN: Well, see you. Page 6 Key vocabulary merhaba hello nasılsın? how are you? iyi good iyidir it is good teşekkür ederim thank you ederim I do sen you ben I de too iyiyim I’m fine peki OK görüşürüz see you Language point Greetings The greetings used in the dialogue above are relatively informal. They are used between friends, colleagues or acquaintances. The dialogues in this lesson are all informal. In Dialogue 2, John meets Mehmet for the first time, and greets him with merhaba ‘hello’. However, if the situation had been more formal, for instance, if Mehmet and Cengiz hadn’t known each other so well, the slightly more formal günaydın ‘good morning/afternoon’, would have been better. John takes leave with iyi günler ‘goodbye’, a little bit less informal than görüşürüz ‘see you’. Also note how Cengiz greets his friend Mehmet: with the colloquial ne haber? ‘what’s up?’ (literally ‘what’s the news?’), an equivalent of merhaba. The standard reply to ne haber? is iyilik ‘I’m fine’, which is based on the same word as iyiyim above: iyi, ‘good’. Literally, iyilik means ‘goodness’, and iyiyim means ‘I am good.’ Mehmet answers with another informal form, which has the same meaning as sen nasılsın: senden ‘and you?’ (literally: ‘from you?’). Dialogue 2 Ne haber? What’s up? Cengiz has spotted Mehmet on the street and walks up to him to introduce him to John CENGİZ: Merhaba, Mehmet, ne haber? Page 7 MEHMET: İyilik. Senden? CENGİZ: İyiyim, teşekkürler. Bu John. İngiliz arkadaşım. JOHN: Merhaba. MEHMET: Memnun oldum. Türkiye’yi beğeniyor musunuz? JOHN: Evet, çok seviyorum. MEHMET: Çok güzel. Cengiz, şimdi eve gidiyorum. CENGİZ: Tamam, yarın görüşürüz. MEHMET: Peki, görüşürüz. John, iyi günler. JOHN: İyi günler. CENGİZ: Hello, Mehmet, how are things? MEHMET: Fine. How are you? CENGİZ: Fine, thanks. This is John. He’s my English friend. JOHN: Hello. MEHMET: Nice to meet you. Are you enjoying being in Turkey? JOHN: Yes, I like it very much. MEHMET: That’s good. Cengiz, I have to go home. CENGİZ: OK, see you tomorrow. MEHMET: OK, see you. John, goodbye. JOHN: Goodbye. Key vocabulary teşekkürler thanks bu this İngiliz English arkadaşım my friend arkadaş friend Türkiye1 Turkey beğenmek to like (something) beğeniyor he/she likes musunuz? do you? evet yes çok much, many, very seviyorum I love sevmek to love (something) güzel çok güzel that’s good (literally: very nice) nice, beautiful, good şimdi now ev house gitmek to go tamam OK (similar to peki) yarın tomorrow Exercise 1 Rearrange the words on the right to match the English translations on the left. 1 The -yi ending indicates that Türkiye is a direct object. The ending is discussed in Lesson 6. Page 8 thanks görüşürüz hello nasılsın? yes iyiyim goodbye teşekkürler what’s up? tamam how are you? memnun oldum see you ne haber? OK iyi günler pleased to meet you evet I’m fine merhaba Language point Introducing people In the dialogue above, Cengiz uses bu ‘this’ to introduce John to his friend. Note that the phrase he uses simply consists of bu and the name John. Turkish does not use a word for ‘is’ in these types of sentences. In the last of the examples below, the word öğretmen ‘teacher’ is followed by the ending -im, which means ‘I am’. It can also mean ‘my’, so that öğretmenim can mean both ‘I’m a teacher’ and ‘my teacher’. In arkadaşım and adım, the ending -ım indeed means ‘my’. It is stuck on to the nouns arkadaş ‘friend’ and ad ‘name’. The word benim also means ‘my’. The two meanings of the ending -im will be explained more fully later on, starting in this lesson. Ben Cem. I am Cem. Adım Cem. My name is Cem. Bu benim arkadaşım. This is my friend. Öğretmenim. I’m a teacher. Dialogue 3 Bu babam ve annem This is my mum and dad John now introduces his family members to Cengiz Page 9 CENGİZ: Merhaba, dostum, nasılsın. Beni ailenle tanıştırır mısın? JOHN: İşte, bu babam. Dad, this is Cengiz. CENGİZ: Hoş geldiniz, beyefendi. JOHN: You are supposed to say ‘Hoş bulduk’ now, dad. Evet, bu da annem. Mum, Cengiz. CENGİZ: Hoş geldiniz, hanımefendi. JOHN’S MUM: Hoş bulduk (to John: I heard that!) JOHN: Bu gençler kardeşlerim: Jimmy ve Eileen. CENGİZ: Siz de hoş geldiniz. NB: In the following translation, ‘(…)’ stands for the things that are said in English in this dialogue. CENGİZ: Hello, my friend, how are you? Won’t you introduce me to your family? JOHN: Well, this is my dad. (…) CENGİZ: Welcome, sir. JOHN: (…) Yes, and this is my mother. (…) CENGİZ: Welcome, madam. JOHN’S MUM: The pleasure’s mine. (…) JOHN: Those young people are my brother and sister: Jimmy and Eileen.