Colloquial Tibetan A Textbook of the Lhasa Dialect PDF
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~·~a.·~~ ·~l·iq~ q·~~ ·fil~ 4~1 Colloquial Tibetan A Textbook of the Lhasa Dialect with reference grammar and exercises (A contextual approach) by Tsetan Chonjore with Andrea Abi nanti LIBRARY OF TIBETAN WORKS & ARCHIVES © Copyright 2003 Tsetan Chonjore All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN: 81-86470-30-1 Published by the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala, District Kangra, H.P. India and printed at lndraprastha Press (CBn, Nehru House, New Delhi. Dedication This textbook is dedicated to His _Holiness The Dalai Lama, the personification of Avalokiteswara, the Lord of Compassion. He works selflessly not only for the well-being of Tibetans, but for the well-being of every person and country in the world. I also dedicate this textbook to Ven. Lobsang jinpa (Ku-ngo Ponpo) Dhen Nyir Tsang who served both the 13th and 14th Dalai Lama with great sincerity and dedication. ~1 1t;l~Q]~·~:2\~1·~·1~rcJ.J~1·fl~~·1s·q_'(~·~:2\·'J·G~~·cJ.Jg.~.~~~~·q_'(~·a~·Q]~~· t;l~·~t;J~r~·1?J·cJ.J~1·~~~1·~·~1·~Q]·1s1·~t;l·'J·G·'it;l~·~·t;l;~·i"~·q_s:2\·~Q]~·~·1s~~1· ~~t;l~Q]~cJ.J·~Q]"Q]~~·t;l~·~·t;l~·~~·tJ·t;J~~·~Q]~·q_~:2\·cJ.J(1~~1~ltJ·cJ.J~1lS·q_'(~·Q]~:2\· 'J~·cJ.Ji"Q]·~~·G·~1·~~~1·~·1tJ·cJ.J~1·fl~~·q_'(~·a-~·s1·'J~·~t;l~·~·1s~~1·it;l~t;l·~Q]~· fcJ.J·cJ.J~Q]~~~~·~·~~·~~·~1·it;J~t;l·Q]~-t11~4~·~~·cJ.Jtb~·Q]lf~~·t;l~~~·q_s:2\·~~·~~·t;la~· :2\ t;l~ls·q_'(~ ~~·'J·1~·, ¥cJ.J·'J:rJ-~·t;l;~ ·i"~·q_s ·~cJ.J·'J·Q]~~·Q]:2\ ·1CJ·OJ~1·~·tbt;l·s~·~1·~~· "Ul11 ~Q]~·~ ·~ "CI)t;l~~Q]~ ·~·~~ Q,1~·'J~·&l·~ ~0 ~~·s~·Q,s-:2\~1·&l·~Q]~·~~·1s~~1·~1·0J~OJ·t;J~~·s1·~~~~· :2\t;l~·q_(cJ.J~~·4:2\.~t;l·~~·~·q_-s~·t;J·~·~·Q]~~·~~·~~·t;l~·q_s~·s:2\, t;l~~·q_s~·~·¥~~·q_~· ~1·1·a;·4~·~~~·Q]~~·tb1"0J~~·~~·'J·~·it;l~t;l·~·~·tb1"~~·~~·1ilEf:2\·Q]~~·t;l~·~cJ.J·'J·cJ.J~cJ.J· lf1~~·'J~1 ¥cJ.J"'J~·~~·~~~1"15~·~1·~~·Q]~~·'ll·it;l~1·Q]~~·t;l~·4~·~~·~~·'J~Q]· ~~·~~·, ¥cJ.J"~Q]"Q]~~·t;l~·~t;l·q_~~1·Q]~~·~~·1~·q_tbcJ.J~·'J:2\~~·q_'(~·~·~·cJ.J·~11 ~~·4~· 1·a; ·s 'l.tbcJ.J~·~·~~~·t;l a~·z:::~ ·~l;J~·t;Jz:::~~·~~·q_Q]~ ~Q]·~~wU!~, ~·131·~·i1·:2\t;l~·Q]~:2\ ·'J~· tr1·~·~1-t11Q]·q_'(~·~~·Q]~~·z:::~·Q.rr:2\~Q]·Q]~:2\·'J~·~~·, tr1·~1·il·4~·'J~·~·~·1~·, tr1·~1· a;·&l·tb~·z:::~·:2\~"~Q]~·~·Q]~~·~cJ.J~·~~:2\·cJ.Jf-~1·~t;J·'J~·Ef~·Q]~:2\·~·~Q]·;Q]~·~Q]·~~·'J·1~·, tr1~~Q]"Q]~~~·~Q]~"Q]~~·t;l~ltJ"cJ.J~1·~·cJ.J(1~0J·~·~~·~:2\~1·~·1"?J·cJ.J~1"fl~·~·tt:2\"Z:::~~· Q]~~·~:2\·r·t;l~·¥cJ.J·'J~:2\·~Q]~·~·~·~·~·1~·~Q] ~·~~i'Q]·'J~:2\·Cl.(1·'J·~1·'J~·fz:::·z:::a1· · ~z:::·'J~ ·~1·~~·~·~ ·z:::~~, t;l~Q]~·~:2\ ~1·~·1tJ·cJ.J~1·fl~~·1s·q_'(~ ~·cJ.Ji"Q]·~~·~·fz:::~~ ~z:::·z:::~~·q_~~·~~·cJ.J6~·:2\Z:::"UJ"4~·~·cJ.J¥:2\·Q.tr1·'J~·~·~ ~00~ ~·~· ~~ ~~· ~~ ~~,, Preface Colloquial Tibetan: A Textbook oft he Lhasa Diakct was composed by Tibetan Language Analyst Mr. Tseten Chonjore at the behest of Mr. Gyatsho Tshering, the former Director of Library of Tibetan Works &Archives (LTWA), Dharamsala. Although the initial composition was under taken during the former director, I am extremely happy to see it go through the final phases of completion in my tenure. Therefore, on behalf of LTWA, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the former Director Mr. Gyatsho Tshering and the author Mr. Tseten Chonjor for making this publication possible. During the 40 years in exile, Tibetans relied heavily on bilingual usage of1ibetan and English, thereby resulting in significant relations with modern developing countries throughout the east and west. The consequential growth ofliteracy and widening of experiential exposure in Tibetan community entailed the need for an unanticipated advancement in the field of Tibetan language. Situation further demanded that Tibetans move with time, thus motivating us in the production of literature with quality par excellence. Taking into account the author's long experience in teaching Tibetan and English as a language, I am confident that this book proves its relevance for all learners' of1ibetan language, especially in this most crucial period of our history. I congratulate him for his priceless contribution made through this virtuous endeavour. At this time, when new generation Tibetans are making an enormous effort in the preservation and dissemination of1ibetan language, I am hopeful that this book serves as an invaluable gift for the non-1ibetans seeking to learn and the ·libetans aspiring to improve their Tibetan skills. This book also adds to the treasure of other valuable texts published by LTWA and fulfills the main objectives of preserving Tibetan culture and tradition. I once again thank the author for collaborating in the publication of this book. Finally, I pray that the book provide inexhaustible joy to all its readers. Achok Rinpoche Losang Thupten Thinley Director, LTWA 21 November, 2002 UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN • MADISON COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE D£PARTIIENT OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES OF ASIA 1141 VAll Hill HALL, 1221 LIIIDE. Dlt1VI IIIADIIOII, WIICOII... 13701, U. I.A. SOUTH. SOVTHEAST, WEST AND CENTRAL ASIA Foreword It gives me great pleasure to write this Foreword to Tsetan Chonjore's Colloquial Tibetan. In 1983 Tsetan began teaching "Second Year Modem Tibetan" to the students in Kathmandu with the University of Wisconsin's College Year in Nepal program. Tsetan's unique gifts as a Tibetan language teacher were immediately apparent, and he was encouraged to author a Tibetan language textbook using his classroom approach. During the next decade and a halfTsetan 's book gradually evolved, both assisted and delayed by his multiple teaching commitments. By 2000 enough por tions of Colloquial Tibetan had been completed so that Tsetan could use them when he taught our Department's "Elementary Modem Tibetan" course in Madison in summer school. In 200 I Tsetan once again taught "Elementary Modem Tibetan" in Madison in summer school, this time using a virtually completed version of Colloquial Tibetan. Tsetan's students have universally praised his book for its contents and style. Best of all, they have learned a great deal of colloquial modem Tibetan using his book. Tsetan Chonjore's Colloquial Tibetan is an exciting new addition to the growing list of available Tibetan-language textbooks. Our Department and our University are pleased to have provided the academic context within which Tsetan has developed his book that is now, after eighteen years of his hard work, at last being published. Ellen Rafferty, Chair Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia August 10, 2001 University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. TELEPHONE: 608/262~524, 6081262·3012 FAX: 6081265·3538 EMAIL: [email protected] ~ ~~_94 ~J1 ~ll flll _A 1.U? .E? -Ai _1i E. .m !!? E. 8tl .2! J!J! 6J1 --" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6t 1..& 1:! --" 1:! lJ _!I _!I -'! 11 E. Jl --" ..2 .....5li ,cl lJ lJ oU )4 )4 _!I ~ ~ ~ ~ _.94 _.94 _.94 ---= J! .c..:. • '! ui -E. -..9! J!J! • _A _A _A_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CoLO ~ ~I) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~f) .8 .8 --" dt1 s ali -'! vi? E.' 0 Ji? ..J1/ _fil ----= Jtl( -3!' '! '! '! ...:# .l5 -..9! .2! E. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J!j? _Ji _!I .i! .P112 ;JUJ ~ ~. ~ ll~.2! ~. 1:! )4 •• )4-_.94 111!'~~ ~~~,~~~~,,A~ ~{'~~-1~*~~ d1_Aj~~~1~~~~~~~Ai~~~~~ -w 61i • 2' 11 112 .u ...:# ~ ~ ~ ll .2! • .!JI}) J!J! _5i? _.94 • lJ c!l Jf ..1 ";;:! • IJ -j 'IJJ Bffi ~ ~· ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Jt£? -'! 11 li li Ji _2 .2! 1 ~~~~J~~~~{~~~~~1~1~~~~J 1P A w J!' 1, _j' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j~ ~ ~ '! -'! 6tl J4 _An ..2J, • ..2 .......... • J!J! • --" 1:! • 1i -!., ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ --!:! ail .l5 E. --" JjJ ""'" lJ n . 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E. ~ ~' ~ ~. ~ ~ jl' '"':. _A aK )4 _!I _!I _.94 w q} '! ,21 ~ ~· ~ ji~ ~ ~· ~ ~ ~ ~ 4,j )4 {ij m )4 _.94 --" uJ• ii -'! .u E. ~ ,~ ~ ft~., jl' ;:i n --" n n n )4 _!I A2 • m .8 £? 64' ~ ~ ~ ~ ..:~A ~ ~ ~· ~ ~ L:i E. li li 01 _A lJ ~~~ji ~j~~ ~~ali_!~~~ ail~~~~~~ f~w_ii?j~~~~~~J~~~~1P~~~~ 'll '! . .. in.! • fl . ;i? ;i? _A ~I) ~I) ~ ~ j4J _Ji • _!I w --" _.94 _)11 li • • -!rt «!i? li E. fl E. E. 3V ;:i .)4? ~ .11~ .lD w _Ji )4 1.\:Y _}IV .8 __, --" E. 01 'll .2! _!I ji? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lJ _Ji )4 --" _!I _.94 n --" E -'! a'.X li Ji .2! .2! ;i --" ~ ~ ~ ~ .;d _A _A Jt Jt Jt m ,; n --" n n n' n 2 £? J1i2 Ji . . . . . . .....5li .......... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . :A? _!] E. .l5 ;i? ;i? ..2 ..2 --" ji:) ~ ~ )4 )4 )4 )4 --" _!I _!I _!I _.94 .. Table of Contents Page xm Aclcnowledgment Author's Introduction XV Homage to the Great Scholar Thu mi Sam Bhota XVI Overview XVII xxm Text Format xxm Key of Symbols Key to Linguistic terms XXV Phonetic Introduction XXIX I. The Tibetan Syllabic Letters XXIX II. Places and Manner of Articulation XXXI m. Phonetic Qualities of the Tibetan letters according to English Phonology XXXV IV. Pronunciation: Practice Drill XXXVI V. The Seven Elements of Word Formation XXXVII A. How to Identify the Root Letter XXXVIII B. Change of Pronunciation with Superjoined Letters XL C. Change of Pronunciation with Subjoined Letters XLI D. Change of Pronunciation with the Five Prefixes XLIII E. Change of Pronunciation with the Ten Suffixes XLV F. The two Post-Suffixes: XLVIn VI. Reading Exercises XLVIn VII. Vowel Harmony [External Sandhi] L Vlll. The 'Natural' Classes of the Letters u IX. Categories of Tibetan Nouns Lil How to Write Tibetan Letters LV Lessont Expanded Table of Contents 1 Text 3 Vocabulary for Lesson 1 16 Exercises 18 Vocabulary for Lesson 2 18 Lesson2 Expanded Table of Contents 21 Text 23 Excercises 39 Vocabulary for Lesson 3 40 Colloquial Tibetan Lesson3 LessonU Expanded Table of Contents 0 Expanded Table of Contents 205 Text 45 Text 207 Excercises 58 Excercises 221 Vocabulary for Lesson 4 59 Vocabulary for Lesson 12 221 Lessont Leseon12 Expanded Table of Contents 61 Expanded Table of Contents 223 Text 63 Text 225 Excercises 72 Excercises 239 Vocabulary for Lesson 5 73 Vocabulary for Lesson U 239 LessonS LeseonU Expanded Table of Contents .7,5 Expanded Table of Contents 241 Text Text 20 Excercises 90 Excercises 269 Vocabulary for Lesson 6 91 Vocabulary for Lesson 14 270 Leseon6 Lesson It Expanded Table of Contents 93 Expanded Table of Contents 273 Text 95 Text 275 Excercises 120 Excercises 299 Vocabulary for Lesson 7 121 Vocabulary for Lesson 15 299 Lesaon7 Lesson15 Expanded Table of Contents 123 Expanded Table of Contents 301 Text 125 Text 303 Excercises 140 Excercises 323 Vocabulary for Lesson 8 140 Answers to the Exercises 325 LessonS Index of 0\arta 337 Expanded Table of Contents 10 Text 145 Excercises 159 Vocabulary for Lesson 9 159 Lesson9 Expanded Table of Contents 163 Text 165 Excercises 180 Vocabulary for Lesson 10 181 Lesson10 Expanded Table of Contents 183 Text 185 Excercises 202 Vocabulary for Lesson 11 203 XII
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