Colloid and Interface Science. Biocolloids, Polymers, Monolayers, Membranes, and General Papers

486 Pages·1976·24.898 MB·English

by  Milton Kerker (Eds.)

Colloid and Interface
Science
VOL. V
BiocoUoids, Polymers, Monolayers,
Membranes, and General Papers
EDITED BY
MILTON KERKER
Clarkson College of Technology
Potsdam, New York
Academic Press Inc·
New York San Francisco London 1976
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1976, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces,
50th, San Juan, P.R., 1976.
Colloid and interface science.
CONTENTS: v. 2. Aerosols,
emulsions, and surfactants.-v. 3. Adsorption,
catalysis, solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension,
and water.—v. 4. Hydrosols and rheology. [etc.]
1. Colloids—Congresses. 2. Surface chemistry
-Congresses. I. Kerker, Milton, II. Title.
QD549.I6 1976 54l'.345 76-47668
ISBN 0-12-404505-7 (v. 5)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
List of Contributors
Arthur W. Adamson, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90007
Paul Ander, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07039
CD. Armeniades, Department of Chemical and Electrical Engineering, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77001
V.A. Arsentiev, visiting professor from Leningrad Mining Institute, The
University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, British Columbia, Canada
M. Bender, Chemistry Department, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck,
New Jersey 07666
Frederick A. Bettelheim, Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University,
Garden City, Long Island, New York 11530
B.H. Bijsterbosch, Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Agricultural
University, De Dreijen 6, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12181
Martin Blank, Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons
of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032
D.B. Boyer, Department of Dental Research, Iowa State University, Iowa City,
Iowa 52242
C.K. Butts, Departments of Public Health and Biochemistry, University of
Oregon Health Sciences Center, Portland, Oregon 97201
J. Chanu, Universite Paris VII, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique des Milieux
Ioniques et Biologiques, 2 Place Jussieu, 75221 Paris-Cedex 05, France
F.C. Chen, Chemistry Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook,
New York 11794
T-H. Chiu, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., 2385
Revere Beach Parkway, Everett, Massachusetts 02149
ix
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
B. Chu, Chemistry Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook,
New York 11794
Paul W. Chun, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Dale H. Cowan, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
E.L. Cussler, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University,
Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Lars Davidsson, The Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, Drottning
Kristinas vag 45, S-l 14 28 Stockholm, Sweden
M. Delmotte, Universite Paris VII, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique des
Milieux loniques et Biologiques, 2 Place Jussieu, 75221 Paris-Cedex 05, France
J.N. Desai, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
Richard J. Ditore, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
T.E. Dougherty, Chemistry Department, Fairleigh Dickinson University,
Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
M.E. Duffey, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University,
Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
N. Duzgunes, Department of Biophysical Sciences, State University of New
York at Buffalo, 4234 Ridge Lea Road, Buffalo, New York 14226
F.R. Eirich, Polytechnic Institute of New York, 333 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New
York 11201
M.S. El-Aasser, Emulsions Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
D. Fennell Evans, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon
University, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Lidia Roche Farmer, Gillette Research Institute, 1413 Research Boulevard,
Rockville, Maryland 20850
Janos H. Fendler, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843
Robert J. Fiel, Department of Biophysics Research, Roswell Park Memorial
Institute, 666 Elm Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
Joseph Finkel, Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, Garden City,
Long Island, New York 11530
G.J. Fleer, Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Agricultural
University, De Dreijen 6, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Mark P. Freeman, Dorr-Oliver Incorporated, 77 Hayemeyer Lane, Stamford,
Connecticut 06820
H.P.M. Fromageot, General Electric Research and Development Center, P.O.
Box 8, Schenectady, New York 12301
Yi-Chang Fu, Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Co., P.O. Box
39175, Cincinnati, Ohio 45239
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
J.G. Gallagher, Department of Chemical and Electrical Engineering, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77001
R.B. Gammage, Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, P.O.
Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Anesu Garuba, Department of Chemistry, The City College of the City
University of New York, New York, New York 10031
A.N. Gent, Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron,
Ohio 44325
A. Giniger, 15 Wellesley Avenue, Yonkers, New York 10705
D.R. Glasson, School of Environmental Sciences, John Graymore Chemistry
Labs, Plymouth Polytechnic, Plymouth PL 48 AA, England
A.M. Gotto, Jr., Department of Chemical and Electrical Engineering, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77001
Raymond T. Greer, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and
Engineering Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010
J.N. Groves, General Electric Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 8,
Schenectady, New York 12301
D.G. Hall, Unilever Research Laboratory, Port Sunlight, England
G.R. Hamed, Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron,
Ohio 44325
J. Fred Hazel, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
P.J. Herley, Department of Materials Science, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
H. Herman, Department of Materials Science, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
Willie L. Hinze, Chemistry Department, Wake Forest University,
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109
M. Hittmeier, Empire State Paper Research Institute, State University of New
York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York
13210
A.W. Horton, Departments of Public Health and Biochemistry, University of
Oregon Health Sciences Center, Portland, Oregon 97201
Horst W. Hoyer, Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, The City University
of New York, New York, New York 10021
S. Igbal, Emulsions Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
Y.H. Kao, Department of Materials Science, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
Robert L. Kay, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie-Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
xi
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Milton Kerker, Clarkson College, Potsdam, New York 13676
B. Khazai, Chemistry Department, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck,
New Jersey 07666
Dae M. Kim, Department of Chemical and Electrical Engineering, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77001
Alexander Kowblansky, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
07039
Peter Laggner, Institute für Rontgenfeinstruk-turforschung der Oster-
reichischen Akademi der Wissenschaften und des Forschungszentrums
Graz, Steyrergasse 17, A-8010 Graz, Austria
E.P. Lancaster, Empire State Paper Research Institute, College of Environmental
Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York
13210
D.M. Lederman, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc.,
2385 Revere Beach Parkway, Everett, Massachusetts 02149
Beatrice B. Lee, Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons
of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032
James C. Lee, Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brand eis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
K.H. Lee, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
J. Leja, Department of Mineral Engineering, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver 8, British Columbia, Canada
Harold I. Levine, Department of Biophysics Research, Roswell Park Memorial
Institute, 666 Elm Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
C.H. Lin, Department of Materials Science, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
Tom Lindström, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Box 5604,
S-l 14 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Nan-I Liu, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213
P. Luner, Empire State Paper Research Institute, State University of New York,
College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210
J.D. Morrisett, Division of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor
College of Medicine and Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77025
Susan K. Nevin, Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, The City University
of New York, New York, New York 10021
E. Nyilas, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., 2385
Revere Beach Parkway, Everett, Massachusetts 02149
C.B. Ohki, Department of Biophysical Sciences, State University of New York
at Buffalo, 4234 Ridge Lea Road, Buffalo, New York 14226
xii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
S. Ohki, Department of Biophysical Sciences, State University of New York at
Buffalo, 4234 Ridge Lea Road, Buffalo, New York 14226
Gary R. Olhoeft, Petrophysics Laboratory, United States Department of the
Interior, Geological Survey -Stop 964, Box 25046 - Denver Federal Center,
Denver, Colorado 80225
James J. O'Malley, Webster Research Center, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New
York 14580
B.A. Pethica, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, New York 13676
Eugene P. Pittz, Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
John A. Quinn, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
Owen M. Rennert, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
O.K. Rice, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514
Kelvin Roberts, The Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, Drottning
Kristinas vag 45, S-l 14 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Alejandro Romero, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843
Henri L. Rosano, Department of Chemistry, The City College of the City
University of New York, New York, New York 10031
M. Rosoff, 15 Wellesley Avenue, Yonkers, New Y ork 10705
Eugene E. Saffen, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
L.S. Sandell, Empire State Paper Research Institute, College of Environmental
Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York
13210
Robert A. Sasso, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07039
B.J.R. Scholtens, Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Agricultural
University, De Dreijen 6, Wageningen, The Netherlands
A.R. Schuff, Departments of Public Health and Biochemistry, University of
Oregon Health Sciences Center, Portland, Oregon 97201
Dinesh O. Shah, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 32610
H.S. Shah, Regional College of Engineering and Technology, Surat, India
Howard S. Sherry, Mobile Research and Development Corporation, Research
Department, Paulsboro, New Jersey 08066
Jayesh B. Shukla, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Vida Slawson, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, University of California at Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024
L.E. Smith, Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D:C. 20234
xiii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Christer Söremark, Swedish Forest Products Research Institute, Box 5604,
SI 14-86 Stockholm, Sweden
D. Dewey Solomon, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Hans Stabinger, Institute für Rontgenfeinstruk-turforschung der Oster­
reichischen Akademi der Wissenschaften und des Forschungszentrums Graz,
Steyrergasse 17, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Junzo Sunamoto, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843
Bun-Ichi Tamamushi, Nezu Chemical Institute, Musashi University, 1-26
Toyotama-kami, Nerima-ku, Tokyo 176, Japan
W. Jape Taylor, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Serge N. Timasheff, Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
S.I. Tu, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook,
New York 11794
D.B. Vaidya, Gujarat College, Ahmedabad-380006, India
J.W. Vanderhoff, Emulsion Polymers Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
John Van Düsen, Webster Research Center, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New
York 14580
A.G. Walton, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
F.F. Y. Wang, Department of Materials Science, State University of New York,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
Paul F. Waters, Department of Chemistry, The American University, Washington,
D.C. 20016
James H. Whittam, The Gillette Company, Personal Care Division, Gillette Park
1-T-l, South Boston, Massachusetts 02106
Jaime H. Wong, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Univer­
sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
Joel L. Zatz, College of Pharmacy, Busch Campus, Rutgers, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903
Preface
This is the fifth volume of papers presented at the International Conference
on Colloids and Surfaces, which was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 21-25,
1976.
The morning sessions consisted of ten plenary lectures and thirty-four invited
lectures on the following topics: rheology of disperse systems, surface thermo­
dynamics, catalysis, aerosols, water at interfaces, stability and instability, solid
surfaces, membranes, liquid crystals, and forces of interfaces. These papers
appear in the first volume of the proceedings along with a general overview by
A. M. Schwartz.
The afternoon sessions were devoted to 221 contributed papers. This volume
includes contributed papers on the subjects of biocolloids, polymers, mono-
layers, membranes, and general papers. Three additional volumes include con­
tributed papers on aerosols, emulsions, surfactants, adsorption, catalysis, solid
surfaces, wetting, surface tension, water, hydrosols, and rheology.
The Conference was sponsored jointly by the Division of Colloid and Surface
Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the
Division and the 50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium.
The National Colloid Symposium originated at the University of Wisconsin in
1923 on the occasion of the presence there of The Svedberg as a Visiting
Professor (see the interesting remarks of J. H. Mathews at the Opening of the
40th National Colloid Symposium and also those of Lloyd H. Ryerson in the
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 22, 409, 412, (1966)). It was during
his stay at Wisconsin that Svedberg developed the ultra centrifuge, and he also
made progress on moving boundary electrophoresis which his student Tiselius
brought to fruition.
The National Colloid Symposium is the oldest such divisional symposium
within the American Chemical Society. There were no meetings in 1933 and
during the war years 1943-1945, and this lapse accounts for the 50th National
Colloid Symposium occurring on the 53rd anniversary.
However, these circumstances brought the numerical rank of the Symposium
into phase with the age of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. The
Division was established in 1926, partly as an outcome of the Symposium.
Professor Mathews gives an amusing account of this in the article cited above.
The 50th anniversary meeting is also the first one bearing the new name
XV
PREFACE
Colloid and Surface Science Symposium to reflect the breadth of interest and
participation.
There were 476 participants including many from abroad.
This program could not have been organized without the assistance of a large
number of persons and I do hope that they will not be offended if all of their
names are not acknowledged. Still, the Organizing Committee should be men­
tioned: Milton Kerker, Chairman, Paul Becher, Tomlinson Fort, Jr., Howard
Klevens, Henry Leidheiser, Jr., Egon Matijevic, Robert A. Pierotti, Robert L.
Rowell, Anthony M. Schwartz, Gabor A. Somorjai, William A. Steele, Hendrick
Van Olphen, and Albert C. Zettlemoyer.
Special appreciation is due to Robert L. Rowell and Albert C. Zettlemoyer.
They served with me as an executive committee which made many of the
difficult decisions. In addition Dr. Rowell handled publicity and announce­
ments while Dr. Zettlemoyer worked zealously to raise funds among corporate
donors to provide travel grants for some of the participants.
Teresa Adelmann worked hard and most effectively both prior to the meeting
and at the meeting as secretary, executive directress, editress, and general over­
seer. She made the meeting and these Proceedings possible. We are indebted to
her.
Milton Kerker