Collins' etymological dictionary, containing roots and derivations and embracing the most recent ...

424 Pages·2011·49.4 MB·English

COLLINS
MOLOGICAL
CTIONARY
For use in
the Library DITION
ONLY
1
Presented to the
library of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
by
ESTATE OF THE LATE
PROFESSOR J, R.
COCKBURN
A

COLLINS'
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY
Collins* 'Dictionaries
Continually Revised
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COLLINS'
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
CONTAINING ROOTS AND DERIVATIONS AND
EMBRACING THE MOST RECENT WORDS
ILLUSTRATED
a S cVv©<A ***-& 3
LONDON AND GLASGOW
COLLINS* CLEAR-TYPE PRESS
"RE
FtB -91965
1 1)4 r» n o 2
Manufacturedin GreatBritain
PREFACE
The Etymological Dictionary of the English Language has been
compiledwithadouble purpose inview. The vast circulationattained
bythe cheaper forms of literature, together with the greatly increased
range of criticism in periodicals and ne—wspapers, has brought intouse
a considerable —number of new words some of them technical and
scientific terms which require explanation. The incorporation of
many such words and phrases in the Etymological Dictionary brings
the book fully abreast of modern requirements, thus making it a boon
tothe general reader. In addition, its comprehensiveness, conciseness,
clarity, and accuracy render it eminently suitable for the schoolroom.
The Orthography is that usuallyacceptedby lexicographers; but
^here authorities differ about the spelling or pronunciation of words,
both forms are given.
The Pronunciation of all words is indicated by a system of
Phonetics, the correct sound being exhibited by re-spelling eachword
inphonetic form, the syllabification, marked vowel sounds, and proper
accentuation being distinctly shown.
With the exception ofg, the consonants employed in the phonetic
spellingretaintheirname sounds,andthevowels, unless marked,retain
their short sounds; h represents the guttural h heard in 'loch.' The
digraph aw represents the sound of a heard in 'fall'; ou the sound of
ow heard in 'now'; oo, unmarked, the sound heard in 'book'; 6d the
sound heard in 'moon.' The surd (sharp, unvoiced) sound of th is indi-
cated by common letters, as in 'thin,' the sonant (flat, voiced) sound
by small capitals, as in 'THen.' The following key to the long and
peculiar vowel sounds,
Fate, far, ado; mS, her; mine; note; tune; moon.
being repeated at the foot of each page, should prove ofmuch service.
The two Appendixes of Abbreviations and Foreign Words and
Phrases give additional value to the book.
The careful attention paid to the Etymology will result, it is
hoped, in its being really instructive, and not merely formal. The
most recent work in philological research has been consulted, and, as
in the 'Home' Dictionary, the steps by which a word has reached
its present form have been noted moreprecisely than is usual in such
compilations.
;;
List of Abbreviations
a. , . adjective i.e. . id est (that ppr. . present parti-
abl. . ablative is) ciple
ace. . accusative imp. . imperative pref. . prefix
ad. . adverb intens. . intensive prep. . preposition
aux. . auxiliary inter. . interjection pret. . preterite
cf. . confer (com- masc. . masculine pron. . pronoun
pare) n. . noun smg. . singular
comp. . . comparative neg. . negative suff. . suffix
conj. . conjunction neut. . neuter superl. . superlative
contr. . contraction orig. . originally svn. . synonym
dim. . diminutive p.orpart. . participle v. . verb
e.g. . exempli oralia pass. . passive v.i. . verb intransi-
(forexample) Pi. . plural tive
fem. . feminine PP. . pastparticiple r.t. . verbtransitive
A. . Arabic Ger. . German orig. . originally
A.F. . Anglo-French Goth. . Gothic Per. . Persian
Afr. . African Gram. . Grammar perh. . perhaps
Amer. . . American H. . Hebrew pert. . pertaining
Anat. . . Anatomy Her. . Heraldry Peruv. . Peruvian
Astr. . Astronomy Hind. . Hindustani Pg. . Portuguese
Astrol. . . Astrology Hung. . Hungarian Phil. . Philology
Austr. . . Australian Icel. . Icelandic Pol. . Polish
Biol. . . Biology Imit. . Imitative prov. . provincial
Bot. . Botany Ind. . Indian riv. . river
BBrreatz.. . .. BBrraeztiolnian IIrt.. .. IIrtiaslhian rEt.. .. rEoootm.an
C. . Centigrade L. . Latin Eiver
cap. . capital 1. . line Khet. . Rhetoric
Carib. . . Caribbean" m. . miles Puss. . Russian
Celt. . . Celtic Mai. . Malayan Scand. . Scandinavian
ch. . chapter Math. Mathematics Scot. . Scotland;Scot-
Chin. . . Chinese M.D. . MiddleDutch tish
cog. . cognate M.E., . MiddleEnglish Sculp. . Sculpture
corr. . corruption Med. . Medicine Singh. . Singhalese
D. . Dutch M3X. . Mexican Skr. . Sanskrit
ED.an. . .. EDaasnti;sh M.H.(ler. . MidGdelremaHnigh SS.laAvf.r.I>. .. SSloauvtohnicAfrican
English mi. . mountain Dutch
Egypt . . Egyptian Mus. . Music Sp. . Spanish
E. Ind. . East Indian Myth. . Mythology sq. . square
Eestph.n. . .. Eestphencoiallolgyy NNa.t. Hist. .. NNaotrutrhal His- SSuwr.g. .. SSuwregdeirsyh
Etym. . Etymology tory Syr. . Syriac
FFa.hr. . .. FFarhernecnhheit NNaourtw.. .. .. NNaourtwiecgaliaafnfairs Ttne.ut. . .. Tteouwtnonic ^
fr. . from O.E. . . Old English Turk. . . Turkish
ft. . feet O.F. . . Old French U.S. . . United States
6GGGae.eeoollm... ... ,... GGGGaeereooellemiokecgtyry 00.. LH..C<Jleert.. .. OOllmmddaaHLnniogwh GGeerr-- Zwo.ol. .. WZoeoWllesohsgty