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College Algebra PDF

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ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee ii 99//1144//1122 66::4488 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess College Algebr a JOHN W. COBURN ST LOUIS COMMUNITY COLLEGE AT FLORISSANT VALLEY JEREMY P. COFFELT BLINN COLLEGE THIRD EDITION ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee iiii 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess TM COLLEGE ALGEBRA, THIRD EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2010 and 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 ISBN 978–0–07–351958–6 MHID 0–07–351958–8 ISBN 978–0–07–734087–2 (Annotated Instructor’s Edition) MHID 0–07–734087–6 Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. Strand Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange Vice President, Content Production & Technology Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Director of Development: Rose Koos Managing Director: Ryan Blankenship Brand Manager: Caroline Celano Director of Digital Content: Emilie J. Berglund Development Editor: Ashley Zellmer Marketing Manager: Kevin M. Ernzen Senior Project Manager: Vicki Krug Senior Buyer: Laura Fuller Senior Media Project Manager: Sandra M. Schnee Senior Designer: Laurie B. Janssen Cover Designer: Ron Bissell Cover Image: © Michael & Patricia Fogden/CORBIS Content Licensing Specialist: John C. Leland Compositor: Aptara®, Inc. Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman Printer: R. R. Donnelley All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Coburn, John W. College algebra / John W. Coburn, St. Louis Community College at Florissant Valley, Jeremy Coffelt, Blinn College. – Third edition. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978–0–07–351958–6 — ISBN 0–07–351958–8 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978–0–07–734087– 2— ISBN 0–07–734087–6 (annotated instructor’s edition) (print) 1. Algebra–Textbooks. I. Coffelt, Jeremy. II. Title. QA154.3.C594 2014 512.9–dc23 2012028108 www.mhhe.com ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee iiiiii 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess Contents Preface viii Index of Applications xvii R C H A P T E R A Review of Basic Concepts and Skills 1 R.1 The Language, Notation, and Numbers of Mathematics 2 R.2 Algebraic Expressions and the Properties of Real Numbers 13 R .3 Exponents, Scientifi c Notation, and a Review of Polynomials 21 R.4 Radicals and Rational Exponents 35 R .5 Factoring Polynomials 47 R.6 Rational Expressions 58 Overview of Chapter R: Prerequisite Defi nitions, Properties, Formulas, and Relationships 69 Practice Test 71 1 C H A P T E R Equations and Inequalities 73 1.1 Linear Equations, Formulas, and Problem Solving 74 1.2 Linear Inequalities in One Variable 86 1.3 Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 96 Mid-Chapter Check 104 1.4 Complex Numbers 104 1.5 Solving Quadratic Equations 114 1.6 Solving Other Types of Equations 128 Making Connections 140 Summary and Concept Review 141 Practice Test 144 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Using a Graphing Calculator as an Investigative Tool 145 II. Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 146 Strengthening Core Skills: Using Distance to Understand Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 146 2 C H A P T E R Relations, Functions, and Graphs 147 2.1 Rectangular Coordinates; Graphing Circles and Other Relations 148 2.2 Linear Graphs and Rates of Change 161 2.3 Graphs and Special Forms of Linear Equations 176 Mid-Chapter Check 188 2.4 Functions, Function Notation, and the Graph of a Function 188 2.5 Analyzing the Graph of a Function 202 iii ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee iivv 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess iv Contents 2.6 Linear Functions and Real Data 224 Making Connections 236 Summary and Concept Review 236 Practice Test 240 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Linear Equations, Window Size, and Friendly Windows 241 II. Locating Zeroes, Maximums, and Minimums 242 Strengthening Core Skills: The Various Forms of a Linear Equation 243 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–2 244 3 C H A P T E R More on Functions 245 3.1 The Toolbox Functions and Transformations 246 3.2 Basic Rational Functions and Power Functions 259 3.3 Variation: The Toolbox Functions in Action 274 Mid-Chapter Check 285 3.4 Piecewise-Defi ned Functions 285 3.5 The Algebra and Composition of Functions 298 3.6 Another Look at Formulas, Functions, and Problem Solving 314 Making Connections 325 Summary and Concept Review 326 Practice Test 329 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Function Families 331 II. Piecewise-Defi ned Functions 331 Strengthening Core Skills: Finding the Domain and Range of a Relation from Its Graph 332 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–3 333 4 C H A P T E R Polynomial and Rational Functions 335 4.1 Quadratic Functions and Applications 336 4.2 Synthetic Division; the Remainder and Factor Theorems 348 4.3 The Zeroes of Polynomial Functions 360 Mid-Chapter Check 374 4.4 Graphing Polynomial Functions 375 4.5 Graphing Rational Functions 391 4.6 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities 407 Making Connections 418 Summary and Concept Review 419 Practice Test 422 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Complex Zeroes, Repeated Zeroes, and Inequalities 423 II. Removable Discontinuities 424 Strengthening Core Skills: Solving Inequalities Using the Push Principle 424 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–4 425 ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee vv 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess Contents v 5 C H A P T E R Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 427 5.1 One-to-One and Inverse Functions 428 5.2 Exponential Functions 438 5.3 Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions 451 Mid-Chapter Check 463 5.4 Properties of Logarithms 464 5.5 Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 473 5.6 Applications from Business, Finance, and Science 483 Making Connections 496 Summary and Concept Review 497 Practice Test 500 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Solving Exponential Equations Graphically 501 II. Investigating Logistic Equations 501 Strengthening Core Skills: The HerdBurn Scale—What’s Hot and What’s Not 503 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–5 504 6 C H A P T E R Systems of Equations and Inequalities 505 6.1 Linear Systems in Two Variables with Applications 506 6.2 Linear Systems in Three Variables with Applications 521 Mid-Chapter Check 532 6.3 Nonlinear Systems of Equations and Inequalities 532 6.4 Systems of Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming 542 Making Connections 556 Summary and Concept Review 557 Practice Test 559 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Solving Systems Graphically 560 II. Systems of Linear Inequalities 560 Strengthening Core Skills: Solving Linear Systems Using Substitution 561 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–6 562 7 C H A P T E R Matrices and Matrix Applications 563 7.1 Solving Linear Systems Using Matrices and Row Operations 564 7.2 The Algebra of Matrices 576 Mid-Chapter Check 589 7.3 Solving Linear Systems Using Matrix Equations 590 7.4 Applications of Matrices and Determinants: Cramer’s Rule, Partial Fractions, and More 605 Making Connections 619 Summary and Concept Review 619 Practice Test 621 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Solving Systems with Technology and Cramer’s Rule 623 II. Solving Systems with Matrices, Row Operations, and Technology 623 Strengthening Core Skills: Augmented Matrices and Matrix Inverses 624 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–7 625 ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee vvii 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess vi Contents 8 C H A P T E R Analytic Geometry and the Conic Sections 627 8.1 A Brief Introduction to Analytic Geometry 628 8.2 The Circle and the Ellipse 635 Mid-Chapter Check 647 8.3 The Hyperbola 647 8.4 The Analytic Parabola; More on Nonlinear Systems 659 Making Connections 667 Summary and Concept Review 667 Practice Test 669 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. The Graph of a Circle 670 II. Elongation and Eccentricity 670 Strengthening Core Skills: More on Completing the Square 671 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–8 672 9 C H A P T E R Sequences and Series; Counting and Probability 673 9.1 Sequences and Series 674 9.2 Arithmetic Sequences 682 9.3 Geometric Sequences 690 Mid-Chapter Check 700 9.4 Counting Techniques 701 9.5 Introduction to Probability 712 9.6 The Binomial Theorem 724 Making Connections 731 Summary and Concept Review 732 Practice Test 735 Calculator Exploration and Discovery: I. Infi nite Series, Finite Results 736 II. Calculating Permutations and Combinations 737 Strengthening Core Skills: Applications of Summation 737 Cumulative Review: Chapters R–9 738 Appendix I Geometry Review A-1 Appendix II More on Matrices A-12 Appendix III Deriving the Equation of a Conic A-14 Appendix IV Proof Positive—A Selection of Proofs from College Algebra A-16 Student Answer Appendix (SE only) SA-1 Instructor Answer Appendix (AIE only) IA-1 Index I-1 Additional Topics Online Geometry Review with Unit Conversion Expressions, Tables, and the Graphing Calculator Mathematical Induction Conditional Probability; Expected Value Probability and the Normal Curve ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee vviiii 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess About the Authors John Coburn John Coburn grew up in the Hawaiian Islands, the seventh of sixteen children. In 1977 he received his Associate of Arts Degree from Windward Community College, where he graduated with honors. In 1979 he earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Educa- tion from the University of Hawai’i. After working in the business world for a number of years, he returned to teaching, accepting a position in high school math- ematics, where he was recognized as Teacher of the Year in 1987. Soon afterward, a decision was made to seek a Master’s Degree, which he received two years later from the University of Oklahoma. John is now a full professor at the Florissant Val- ley Campus of St. Louis Community College, where he has taught mathematics for the last twenty-one years. During this time he has received numerous nominations as an outstanding teacher by the local chapter of Phi Theta Kappa, earned recogni- tion as a “Prime Time Teacher” by Eastern Illinois College in 2003, and was recog- nized as Post-Secondary Teacher of the Year in 2004 by Mathematics Educators of Greater St. Louis (MEGSL). John has made numerous presentations at local, state, and national conferences on a wide variety of topics, and maintains memberships in several mathematical organizations. Some of John’s other interests include music, athletics, and the wild outdoors, as well as body surfi ng, snorkeling, and beach combing whenever he gets the chance. He is also an avid gamer, enjoying numerous board, card, and party games. John hopes that this love of life comes through in his writing, and helps to make the learning experience an interesting and engaging one for all students. Jeremy Coffelt Jeremy Coffelt grew up in the small town of Archer City, Texas, made (in)famous as the inspiration and fi lming location of T he Last Picture Show . After graduating from Archer City High School in 2000, he continued his education at Midwestern State University, where he graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Mathematics in 2002. From there, he completed Master’s Degrees in Mathematics from Kansas State University (2005) and in Civil Engineering from Texas A&M University (2008). During his graduate studies, Jeremy published several papers in topics ranging from analytic number theory to Bayesian regression and engineering systems reliability. In 2007, he joined the faculty at Blinn College, where he has since been nominated for several teaching awards. When not teaching or writing, Jeremy enjoys spending time with his ladies—his wife Vanessa, his Chihuahua Buttons, and his Catahoula Abby. His other interests include traveling and all things competitive, including cycling, pool, chess, poker, and tennis. Dedication I dedicate this work to each of my seven children, in hopes it will help them discover a love of mathematics from their father, as I discovered a love of mathematics from my own. John Coburn • I dedicate my contributions to this text to my wife, Vanessa. For the times you left me alone to work, I thank you. For the times you interrupted my work, I love you. Jeremy Coffelt vii ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee vviiiiii 99//1144//1122 66::4499 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess Making Connections A Focus on Applications (cid:2) Chapter Openers highlight Chapter Connections, an interesting application exercise from the chapter, and provide a list of other real-world connections to give context for students who wonder how math relates to them. (cid:2) Application Exercises at the end of each section are CHAPTER CONNECTIONS the hallmark of the Coburn-Coffelt series. Never If you could start from scratch and build your Exponential and own island,how many different types of contrived, always creative, and borne out of the flowers,birds,and other plants and animals Logarithmic wit osueledm yosu l iklieke a t hsiell yis qlauneds ttioo ns,uaptpteomrtp?t As ltthoough authors’ lives and experiences, each application tells a answer it led to the development of a new field Functions of science called islandbiogeography. The field story and appeals to a variety of teaching styles, hspaes csieinsc ed iveexrpsaitnyd oend aton yi nisclouldaete tdh ela nsdtusdcya poef, including: sky islands (mountains surrounded disciplines, backgrounds, and interests. The authors CHAPTER OUTLINE bbyy ddeesfoerrets),tawtoioond)l,oat nisdl aenvdesn (fpreasshtuwraetse rc lleaakreesd have ensured that the applications refl ect the most 5.1One-to-One and Inverse Functions428 (swhaotwesr ihsolawn dthse? )n. uEmxebrecris oef 8s6pe icni eSse cotnio ann 5.4 5.2Exponential Functions438 “island” can be predicted when little more than common majors of college algebra students. 5.3Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions451 the size of the island is known. 5.4Properties of Logarithms464 Check out these other real-world connections: 5.5Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations473 (cid:2)Fines for Speeding 5.6Applications from Business,Finance,and Science483 (Section 5.1,Exercise 84) (cid:2)Memory Retention (Section 5.3,Exercises 107 and 108) (cid:2)Saving for a Down Payment (Section 5.6,Exercise 43) (cid:2)Carbon Dating (Section 5.6,Exercises 61 and 62) 427 Clear and Timely Examples WATCH CAUTION(cid:2)The notation f(cid:2)11x2is simply a way of denoting an inverse function and has nothing to YOUR STEP do with exponential properties. In particular, f(cid:2)11x2does notmean f 11x2. (cid:2) Examples are designed with a direct focus on the skill at EXAMPLE 2 (cid:2) Finding the Inverse of a Function Find the inverse of each one-to-one function given: hand while linking to previous concepts and laying the a.f(cid:3)51(cid:2)4, 132, 1(cid:2)1, 72, 10, 52, 12, 12, 15, (cid:2)52, 18, (cid:2)1126 b.p1x2(cid:3)2x3(cid:2)5 groundwork for concepts to come. The examples provide Solution (cid:2) a.When a function is defined as a set of ordered pairs, the inverse function is found by simply interchanging the coordinates: students with a starting point for solving a variety of f(cid:2)1(cid:3)5113, (cid:2)42, 17, (cid:2)12, 15, 02, 11, 22, 1(cid:2)5, 52, 1(cid:2)11, 826. b.Using the diagram, we reason p(cid:2)1will add 5, divide by 2, and take problems. a cube root: p(cid:2)11x2(cid:3)23x(cid:4)25. p (cid:2) Caution Boxes signal students to pause so that they x Cube x3 Multiply by 22x3 Subtract 52x3 2 5 Cube Root Divided by 2 Add 5 avoid common errors. p21 As a test, we find that 1(cid:2)1, (cid:2)72, 10, (cid:2)52, and (2, 11) are points on p(x), (cid:2) Check Points alert students when a specifi c learning B.You’ve just seen how and note that 1(cid:2)7, (cid:2)12, 1(cid:2)5, 02, and (11, 2) are indeed points on p(cid:2)11x2. we can explore inverse objective has been covered to reinforce correct functions using ordered pairs Now try Exercises 25 through 36 (cid:2) mathematical terms. EXAMPLE 8 (cid:2) Applying an Exponential Function—Newton’s Law of Cooling (cid:2) “Now Try” b oxes immediately following examples guide A pizza is taken from a 425°Foven and placed on the counter to cool. If the temperature in the kitchen is 75°F, and the cooling rate for this type of pizza is students to specifi c matched exercises at the end of the k(cid:3)(cid:2)0.35, a.What is the temperature (to the nearest degree) of the pizza 2 min later? b.To the nearest minute, how long until the pizza has cooled to a temperature section and connect concepts to homework problems. below 90°F? c.If Zack and Raef like to eat their pizza at a temperature of about 110°F, how many minutes should they wait to “dig in”? (cid:2) Graphical Examples show students how the calculator Solution (cid:2) Begin by substituting the given values to obtain the equation model: can be used to enhance their understanding. T1x2 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)77T55R(cid:4)(cid:4)(cid:4)3114T52005e(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:2)0T.37R552xe2kex(cid:2)0.35x gssiuembnpsetlriiatfuyl teeq 7u5at ifoonr TmRo,d4e2l5 for T0,and (cid:2)0.35 for k For part (a) we simply find T(2): a. T122(cid:3)75(cid:4)350e(cid:2)0.35122 substitute 2 for x Figure 5.15 (cid:2)249 result Two minutes later, the temperature of the pizza is near 249°F. b.In Figure 5.15, we see that the TABLE feature of a graphing calculator shows the pizza reaches a temperature of just under 90°after 9 min: T192(cid:2)90°F. c.We elect to use the intersection-of-graphs Figure 5.16 mwa5n:ieidnnt dhtYooe2rwds.(cid:3), e Awcft1et.1e Ae0rn f,s ttteeehtrrte iYpnnr g1ep sr(cid:3)asenisn 7sag 5p p2(cid:4)EnNrTdEoRp3trh5TRi0rAaeCetEee(cid:2)0.35x 400 times, the coordinates of the point of 0 15 intersection appear at the bottom of the screen in Figure 5.16: x(cid:2)6.6,y(cid:3)110. It appears the boys should wait about 612min for the pizza to cool. (cid:2)100 Now try Exercises 77 and 78(cid:2) viii ccoobb1199558888__ffmm__ii--xxxx..iinndddd PPaaggee iixx 99//1144//1122 66::5500 PPMM uusseerr--ff449988 //220033//MMHH0011550033//ccoobb1199558888__ddiisskk11ooff11//00007733551199558888//ccoobb1199558888__ppaaggeeffiilleess Comprehensive Exercise Sets (cid:2) Mid-Chapter Checks provide students with MID-CHAPTER CHECK a sampling of exercises to assess their 1.Write the equation of the function that has the same 7.After semesters of trial and error, you have discovered khnaolf wolfe tdhgee c bheafpotreer .m oving on to the second 2.gF(inaro)flar pfe tuhchnt eiaco stgni rof app1nxpo 2fhian (cid:3)mgt,ii vil1eny,ntx e(,, rb icbd)e ueepptnn tstdsih,-f ibyfe ttehhdae v leiofrt, 4 unitsE axnedr5 cuiypse 2 2units. gdyfuorenatuedcrrte mig oarinfant deeGer ( 1osaht)n2u yd(cid:3)moyoui1nsr0 tgg 0e rfxao(cid:2)adrm ehh si2hf(cid:4) 0c r0y.a4 onU,u wbs deeh o temnhr’eiost d Gsfeto(ulhredm)dy iu bsal yaty aottholule,r End-of-Section Exercise Sets (((((Aincddcd3s))t)))es ddvvvgu.ooaaaem6lllmmruuu ev eeeaa ra iiEeooonnluqfff Xaa eukkknnsir.ddEiiiefff rrdfRaa 11fnnkeCgg22aee(cid:3)t,,uI aarS22enns.dd55E h. aSve (cid:2)5 fffffffff((((xxxxx)))) 5x (h(hnmbbooea))euu kdyyrresseoo daaauurr rrtee1 ogg 0nn rr0meeaa?eeddaddeekee eiiddff a ttyyoo 9oo mm0uu. aa ss(kktteuuee) dd aaIyynnf tff88hoo00err,,, aamaannnno ddhhd oo(((edduul))) rrh ,,hh o((oolccwwd))s hhmm, oocaawwannn yyyyymmm yhhaaooonnuuuyy rressv aaerrree (cid:2) Concepts and Vocabulary exercises help F(cid:2)illC inO eNacCh3 E.bPlpUgai1Tnsvxe2ekS (cid:3)nt wr afA1uixntnshN(cid:2)fc ottDihr3ome2 n2 Va,sat pOiinop nCrtqsho1A expto 2rBs (cid:3)aigamUrt(cid:2)aeeLp 1whwxA (cid:2)otiRhnredd3Yo2 2ow,r. phrr1axs2e(cid:3). 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(cid:2) Developing Your Skills exercises provide (cid:2)DEVELOPING YOUR SKILLS 5.Given that point (x, y) is on the graph of y(cid:3)4(cid:2)x2, A rectangle is drawn inside a y sctoundceenpttss wwitithh p inraccretiacsei nogf elesvseelns toiafl diffi culty. 6.eoGxfi pvxre.ens sth tahte p doiisntat n(xc,e yf)r oism o (n3 t,h 4e) gtora (pxh, yo)f ays(cid:3) a f1unxc(cid:4)tio5n, asthenmed x i(c-xiar,x cyil)se o,a nwn ditth hve e ogrntrieac pesishd .aet a(l(cid:2)onxg, y) (x, y) oeoxff ppxxr..ess the distance from ((2,, 5)) to ((x,, yy)) as a function 13.Issfee mmthiiecc iierrqcculleea tiiisso yyn (cid:3)of t22he9(cid:2)x22,, xx (cid:2) Working with Formulas exercises 7.The area of a rectangle is 50 cm222. Express the wtwwhrrreiii tttreeee caaat afffuuunnnngcccletttiii oooinnnn tfffeooorrrrm (((saaa )))o tttfhhh xeee. aaarrreeeaaa aaannnddd (((bbb))) ttthhheee pppeeerrriiimmmeeettteeerrr ooofff demonstrate contextual applications of (cid:2)WORKpvaeIrrNiiamGbel etWe.r oITf tHhe FreOctRanMgleU aLsA a Sfunction of a single 14.If the equation of the semicircle is y(cid:3)27(cid:2)x2, write well-known formulas. 21.Fmr8oo.rmeTp temhhreaie mnma reooetnraeye ro moofr fa a btt chryihe gp ihtrsrot i pcatorenissgassln ieobg flal eese. liaism f1ui5nna ccttimioon2n., Emofxa patcr sehis nesga tclhehe formula to the rearlea fctuetandnc ggtieloeon mi nfeo ttrer ir(cma )fis tg houefr exas.r esah oanwdn (. bF)o trh seo pmeeri mfoermteru loafs ,the a.vAar(cid:3)iabLlWe. b.V(cid:3)(cid:2)r2h c.V(cid:3)LAW rHight triangle is dd.raSwAn(cid:3) in2(cid:2)r2(cid:4)2(cid:2)ryh (cid:2) Extending the Concept exercises Atrei.anVgl(cid:3)ei331s (cid:2)drra2hwninthefirstf.A(cid:3)b22h y g.P(cid:3)2QLu(cid:4)ad2rWant I with lehg.s Palo(cid:3)nga t(cid:4)he b(cid:4)2a2(cid:4)b2 challenge students to extend their ii..A(cid:3)(cid:2)r22 jj..SA(cid:3)4(cid:2)r22 kk..P(cid:3)4s ll..SSAA(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:2)rr222rrr22(cid:4)(cid:4)hh22 knowledge and skills. m(cid:2).aE2X(cid:4)TbE2(cid:3)NDc2ING THE nC.OCN(cid:3)C2E(cid:2)PrT o.A(cid:3)s2 p.V(cid:3)34(cid:2)r3 q.4A1(cid:3).Tm2hha e1nb um1faa(cid:4)crktbue2rtei2nr gi sd geopianrgtm rt.oe nApta o(cid:3)cfk aa2 gs4ep3 otshr2teiinrg n gewoo pdlsay sb.aldl (cid:3)2r 42.Ase mNiocrimrcalten. owSniA nad (cid:3)roewc2t ai1snL gWslhea.(cid:4)p (eaLd) HIlfik t(cid:4)eh eaW peHri2meter (cid:2) Maintaining Your Skills exercises address 1. in an attractive conic2a.l package. (a) If the p3la.y ball has a 4. of the window is 1705 i.n., find a formula for radius of 15 cm, find a formula for the volume of the the area of the window in terms of the single skills f rom previous sections to help choenigeh itn o tfe trhmes c oofn teh. e( bs)in Fgilned v tahreia dbilme ehn, swiohnesr eo hf tihse t hrieght vseamriaicbilrec lxe,. w(bh)e Frei nxdi sth teh ed idmiaemnseitoenr so of ft hthee circular cone that will have a minimum volume. window that give a maximum area (hence students retain knowledge after learning letting in a maximum amount of light). new concepts. (cid:2)MAINTAINING YOUR SKILLS 43.(1.5)Solve the quadratic equation by completing the 44.(3.2)Find the zeroes of the function and the location of square: x2(cid:4)11(cid:3)8x. the horizontal and vertical asymptotes: v1x2(cid:3)1x(cid:2)1222(cid:2)1. 45.(3.3)The sales of an item varies directly with its 46.(3.1)Draw the graph of y(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:3)x(cid:4)1(cid:3)(cid:4)3using End-of-Chapter Review Material popularityratingandinverselywithitspriceAtarating transformationsofabasicfunctionClearlystatethe (cid:2) Making Connections are matching exercises that help students interpret graphical and MAKING CONNECTIONS algebraic information. Making Connections: Graphically,Symbolically,Numerically,and Verbally (cid:2) Chapter Summary and Concept Reviews Eight graphs (a) through (h) are given. Match the characteristics shown in 1 through 16 to one of the eight graphs. (a) 5y (b) 5y (c) 5y (d) 5y present key concepts by section and are paired with corresponding exercises. SUM(cid:2)55555MARY AN55555Dx CON(cid:2)55555CEPT RE55555VxIEW (cid:2)5 5x (cid:2)5 5x (cid:2) Practice Tests enable students to check their (cid:2)5 (cid:2)5 (cid:2)5 (cid:2)5 SECTION 3.1 The Toolbox Functions and Transformations knowledge and prepare for assessments. KEY CONCEP(eT)S 5y (f) 5y (g) 5y (h) 5y •The toolbox functionsand graphs commonly used in mathematics are (cid:2) (cid:2) CcetGhhaureraamilrpipe tsuhrek licrain,lh ltgrsiaev. p Cveti saeRilrtcse iu vmslioaep twotohrsrtaa , t i cn asottt uncthsdoe ena nceptenpspde ct aosar fn f nre oreaemxcttah ti no •FFF••••••••oorrotsctttco hhhhaaqquuffeeee n ubbbbbbyy yaiiigggannd (cid:3)(cid:3)rrrrsfeggeaaauii cn ppprnffff 123ot hhhuu11oci...xxo tnntroooyi22t ccSSFoap fff ssfttf n.aooaiiuhhyyyuooc rllniixnyvvetnn(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)ff3coceentt::(cid:3)eettr tt(cid:2)iffiff ddff o otooff 1111 hfuxxnnxxlurrf 11ee n22::2p1xxR f(cid:4) xcffe(cid:3)(cid:3)fw2Ct:(cid:4) : 2tt 11x1 axhiixxaR1ihopnxxUs22rk2(cid:4)u2nr2dd(cid:3)33(cid:3)et(cid:3)ni i h1ysMsskhie s tR,t(cid:4)1t(cid:3)sxu1i h1hogknUee(cid:4)nrxi1f a 7ts gg11sp:Lx(cid:3)rrR1haa2220A,pp o,xtthh2fhhT (cid:2)e5 bIg1.VenxE3er(cid:2) allR 3eqxE2uaV(cid:2)ttiioI••••••••4nEx sactttycoohhhW(cid:4)qubufff(cid:3)eee u bsbytt oahhee1ggg (cid:3)rlf e2rrru rriC1aaa nooxtttppperfgoo2 ahhhH 1 ttvsxnf hffoooua2suuAiffflnffsfunn ochyyyteccPerti mitt(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)dffoiitu ooTeenrnnn1idfffdd:g Ec ::1110 f xxdhfft ff.1iu 2oRtx11o(cid:2) xnxxDdwh(cid:2)2n2c22iS:o(cid:3)nsuttih (cid:3)(cid:3)iiscffekwn2o u11stixinxai hRsts1111111s2trs22 s33eh iidtt/s(cid:3)ehxx–he g k Jyxeerra3 pae uS00g(cid:3)cgxpllnakrara00hariaititaaeipnpsooh fh Jh fn w11oM x oyhsf(cid:7)cnhyLeo rnawh-coK22nhte.(cid:7) lraresnepker. esent a funTAcetnsitnorionsn? Sa Iutfat rnot, exercises where concepts can be supported 4.Sexoalvcte aunsdin agp tphreo xqiumadatrea tfiocr fmor: m2xu2la(cid:4). W4rxit(cid:4)e a1ns(cid:3)we0r.s in both HiSllaalrlyy CRliidneton PoSliintigceiran by graphing technology. 5.Solve the following inequality: x(cid:4)365or5(cid:2)x64. Venus Williams Track Star 6.Name the eight toolbox functions, give their equations, then draw a sketch of each. 11.The data given shows the profit Exercise 11 (cid:2) Hsuogmgeeswteodr kh oSmeleewctoirokn e Gxeuricdisee As lhisats o bf een 78.UGx2siv(cid:2)ee snu4fbx1sx(cid:4)t2itu(cid:3)1t3io3(cid:3)nx 2t0o(cid:2). ve6rxifayn tdhagt1 xx2(cid:3)(cid:3)2x(cid:2)(cid:2)32ifiisn ad :so1flu#tgio2n1x t2o mo6thf moe a deo neqnleutwthahst iic sooonfdm aboptufaas ani(n ylbei )nfsoAesr. ts (thsahau)etm Ffiwiirnnislgdtl Mo12nth Profi(cid:2)t (22179000s) provided for each section of the text y; , HOMEWORK SELECTION GUIDE (Annotated Instructor’s Edition only). The guide BCoarseic ( 2(283 E Exxeercrcisiseess):):15,–27,75 –e8v1e reyv oetrhye or tohdedr ,o8d3d,,8853,,8875,,9877,89,95,97 Standard (37 Exercises):1,2,5–23 odd,25–81 every other odd,83–87 all,89,91,95,97,98 provides preselected assignments at four Extended (41 Exercises):1–4 all,5–23 odd,25–81 every other odd,83–87 all,89,91,93,95–98 all levels: Basic, Core, Standard, and Extended. ix

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