Collecting Data

19 Pages·2008·3.905 MB·English

by  Dawn McMillan

Collecting Data
Number and
Estimating with Multidigit Numbers
Operations
Dawn McMillan
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Collecting Data
Estimating with Multidigit Numbers
Dawn McMillan
Table of Contents
Publishing Credits
Editor
Sara Johnson
Editorial Director Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed.
Meteorologists 6
Editor-in-Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sharon Coan, M.S.Ed.
Predicting the Weather 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creative Director
Lee Aucoin Getting the Forecast 11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publisher
Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed. Storm Chasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tornado Data 14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counting People 16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collecting the Census 19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data for All 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Image Credits Cities and Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Town Planners 24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The author and publisher would like to gratefully credit or acknowledge the following for permission to
reproduce copyright material: cover; Istock Photos; title page, NOAA; p.4, U.S. Census Bureau; p.6, Jeff
Planning for the Future 26
Greenberg / Alamy; p.7, JUPITERIMAGES / Brand X / Alamy; pp.8–9, NOAA; p.10, Getty Images; p.12, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corbis RF; p.13, NOAA; p.14 (left), Corbis RF, (right) NOAA; p.15, Jim Reed / CORBIS; p.16, U.S. Census
Problem-Solving Activity 28
Bureau; p.17, Shutterstock; p.18, Getty Images; p.19, U.S. Census Bureau; p.20, Photos.com; p.21 FEMA; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p.22, David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc. / Alamy; p.23, Istock Photos; p.24, U.S. Census Bureau; p.25,
Bigstock Photos; pp.26–27, 123rf; pp.28–29, Photodisc Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Information on pages 16–19, 20–21, 22, 24 obtained from United States Census Bureau.
Index 31
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
While every care has been taken to trace and acknowledge copyright, the publishers tender their
apologies for any accidental infringement where copyright has proved untraceable. They would be Answer Key 32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pleased to come to a suitable arrangement with the rightful owner in each case.
Teacher Created Materials Publishing
5301 Oceanus Drive
Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030
http://www.tcmpub.com
ISBN 978-0-7439-0891-7
© 2008 Teacher Created Materials Publishing
Data
Data can be shared once it is collected. Tables and
graphs make data easy to see and understand.
Many people collect ddaattaa (DAY-tuh), or information,
as part of their jobs. This data helps us better understand
what happens in our world.
Frequency Table
This book looks at how sscciieennttiissttss and ccoommmmuunniittyy
A frequency (FREE-kwun-see) table shows how
(kuh-MYU-nuh-tee) workers collect data.
often each item happens in a set of data.
Precipitation from February to April
Type of Precipitation Number of Days
sleet/hail 5
snow 17
rain 27
no precipitation 40
Bar Graph
A bar graph uses rectangles or bars. Each bar
shows how often a piece of data occurs.
Precipitation from February to April
50- sleet/hail
40
s snow
y 40-
a
D 27 rain
f 30-
o no precipitation
r 17
What Is Data? e 20-
b
m
5
u 10-
Data is another word for information. N
0-
People collect data for research (rih-SUHRCH).
Type of Precipitation
4 5
Meteorologists
Many meteorologists work at wweeaatthheerr ssttaattiioonnss. Some
work on TV. Watch a local weather report. You might be
watching a meteorologist!
Meteorologists (mee-tee-uh-RAW-luh-jistz) collect
and learn about weather data. They make weather maps.
They ffoorreeccaasstt weather changes. Meteorologists use
computers to help them make sense of their weather data.
Wild Wind
In April 1934,
a wind gust of
231 miles per
hour (372 km/h)
raced across the
top of Mount
Washington in
New Hampshire.
This is still the
record for the
fastest wind gust
ever measured
on Earth.
6 7
Predicting the Satellites
SSaatteelllliitteess (SAT-uh-lites) also collect weather data.
Weather This data might be how much rainfall an area had.
It might be wind speed.
Meteorologists use satellite data to help them
Weather Balloons
forecast weather for a day. They also use satellite data
to help them forecast cclliimmaattee (KLY-muht) changes.
Weather balloons carry instruments used to measure
the weather. Meteorologists launch weather balloons
from weather stations. In the United States, the National
Weather Service launches more than 90 balloons a day.
Weather Balloon Data
Height (Feet) Air Temperature
Above Sea Level (Farenheit)
2,050 55°
4,100 43°
6,150 32°
8,200 23°
10,250 18°
12,300 9°
A weather balloon collected this
air temperature data.
Satellite map of Hurricane Katrina in 2005
A meteorologist launches a weather balloon.
8 9
Radar Getting the
Meteorologists also use rraaddaarrss (RAY-dars) to collect
Forecast
data. Radars scan the skies. They beam back data about
storms. Radars can even give information about which
storms may turn into tornadoes (tore-NAY-dohs).
Meteorologists show weather data in ways we
can understand. Weather maps and charts may show
tteemmppeerraattuurree (TEM-puhr-chur) and rainfall. We can
find the weather forecast on the radio, the TV, and
even on the Internet.
Daily Data
You use data when you look at weather forecasts.
This data helps you to decide how to dress for the day.
LOS ANGELES FORECAST High Low
Wed Clear 71° | 57°
Thu Clear 70° | 55°
Fri Warm 77° | 60°
Sat Partly cloudy 68° | 51°
Sun Rain 66° | 55°
Radar image as Hurricane Isabel hits land in 2003
10 11
Storm Chasers
In the tornado season, scientists want to learn more
about the storms. So, they become “storm chasers.” They
use data from weather maps and satellite photos to find
The American Midwest has the world’s most
the storms. Then, they go out and follow the storms to
dangerous thunderstorms and tornadoes. May 2003
collect more data.
made weather history. There were 543 tornadoes
counted that month. This is still a weather record today.
Terrible Twisters
(cid:53)(cid:53) (cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:52)(cid:52) (cid:38)(cid:38) (cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:38) (cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:73) There were 2 terrible days in 1974. During
(cid:38)(cid:38)
(cid:45)(cid:45) these days, 148 tornadoes hit the Midwest.
In 6 of these tornadoes, winds were faster
The U.S. tornado season starts from late
than 261 miles per hour (420 km/h).
winter and can last through mid-to-late
summer. The table below shows the
number of tornadoes in the 2007 season.
This storm chaser uses equipment to collect data.
U.S. 2007 Tornado Season
Month Number of Tornadoes
March 171
April 165
May 251
June 128
July 69
August 73
a. Round the number of tornadoes each
month to the nearest ten.
b. Add your rounded numbers to
estimate how many tornadoes there
were during these 6 months.
12 13
Tornado Data
Dr. Bluestein decided that this type of storm chasing
was too difficult. It was also too dangerous! Now he
chases storms in a special truck. Dr. Bluestein drives
Dr. Howard Bluestein is a university professor. He is
near the storm but not in front of it. He measures the
also a storm chaser! For many years, Dr. Bluestein and
wind in and around the tornado.
his team would race in front of a tornado. They would
Scientists are still learning how a tornado forms from
place weather instruments in its path to get data.
a thunderstorm. Storm chasers are helping them learn.
Tornado Strengths
Type of
Wind Speeds
Tornado
weak <110 miles per hour (177 km/h)
strong 110–205 miles per hour (177–330 km/h)
violent >205 miles per hour (330 km/h)
14 15