Collected Works of J. D. Eshelby: The Mechanics of Defects and Inhomogeneities (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 133)

994 Pages·2006·238.928 MB·English

by  Xanthippi Markenscoff (editor), Anurag Gupta (editor)

SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 133
Series Editor: G.M.L. GLADWELL
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3GI
Aims and Scope of the Series
The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much?
The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers
giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it
relates to solids.
The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes
the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics;
statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies: vibrations of solids and
structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and
viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural
control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental
mechanics; biomechanics and machine design.
The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are
monographs defining the current state of the field; others are accessible to final year
undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For a list of related mechanics titles, see final pages.
Collected Works of
J. D. Eshelby
The Mechanics of Defects and Inhomogeneities
Edited by
XANTHIPPI MARKENSCOFF
University of California, San Diego, CA, US.A.
and
ANURAG GUPTA
University of California, Berkeley, CA, US.A.
~ Springer
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4416-X (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4416-8 (HB)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the articles which have been
reproduced from other sources. Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact
the publishers, so that due acknowledgements may be made in subsequent editions.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
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Printed in the Netherlands.
Table of Contents
Biographical Data
IX
Preface
X1
Foreword by D. M. Barnett xvu
Foreword by B. Bilby
XXV
Foreword by A. Seeger
XXJX
Foreword by J. R. Willis
XXXlll
Full List of J.D. Eshelby's Publications and Acknowledgements
XXXV
Collected Works of J. D. Eshelby
#1 Dislocations as a Cause of Mechanical Damping in Metals 3
#2 Uniformly Moving Dislocations 25
#3 Edge Dislocations in Anisotropic Materials 33
#4 The Fundamental Physics of Heat Conduction 43
#5 The Equilibrium of Linear Arrays of Dislocations 47
#6 The Force on an Elastic Singularity 61
#7 Dislocations in Thin Plates 87
#8 Anisotropic Elasticity with Applications to Dislocation Theory 93
#9 Screw Dislocations in Thin Rods 103
#10 The Equation of Motion of a Dislocation 107
#11 A Tentative Theory of Metallic Whisker Growth 115
#12 Geometrical and Apparent X-Ray Expansions of a Crystal Containing Lattice Defects 117
#13 Distortion of a Crystal by Point Imperfections 119
V
Table of Contents
v1
#14 The Elastic Interaction of Point Defects 127
#15 Note on the Heating Effect of Moving Dislocations 131
# 16 Supersonic Dislocations and Dislocations in Dispersive Media 135
#17 The Continuum Theory of Lattice Defects 143
# 18 The Determination of the Elastic Field of an Ellipsoidal Inclusion,
and Related Problems 209
#19 A Note on the Gomer Effect. Discussion to "Some observations on field
emission from mercury whiskers" by R. Gomer (1958) 231
#20 Charged Dislocations and the Strength of Ionic Crystals 235
#21 The Twist in a Crystal Whisker Containing a Dislocation 251
#22 The Elastic Model of Lattice Defects 259
#23 Stress Induced Ordering and Strain-Ageing in Low Carbon Steels 265
#24 Scope and Limitations of the Continuum Approach 269
#25 The Elastic Field Outside an Ellipsoidal Inclusion 287
#26 Elastic Inclusions and Inhomogeneities 297
#27 Dislocations in Visco-Elastic Materials 351
#28 The Interaction of Kinks and Elastic Waves 363
#29 The Energy and Line Tension of a Dislocation in a Hexagonal Crystal 389
#30 The Distortion and Electrification of Plates and Rods by Dislocations 397
#31 The Distribution of Dislocations in an Elliptical Glide Zone 405
#32 On the Elastic Interactions between Inclusions 409
#33 A Simple Derivation of the Elastic Field of an Edge Dislocation 413
#34 The Velocity of a Wave along a Dislocation 419
#35 The Interpretation of Terminating Dislocations 429
#36 Stress Analysis: Theory of Elasticity 435
#37 Stress Analysis: Fracture Mechanics 453
#38 The Flow of Energy into the Tip of a Moving Crack 473
#39 Dislocations and the Theory of Fracture 479
Table of Contents vu
#40 The Elastic Field of a Crack Extending Non-Unifonnly under General Anti-Plane
Loading 563
#41 Axisymmetric Stress Field around Spheroidal Inclusions and Cavities in a
Transversely Isotropic Material 587
#42 The Starting of a Crack 589
#43 Energy Relations and the Energy-Momentum Tensor in Continuum Mechanics 603
#44 The Fracture Mechanics of Flint-Knapping and Allied Processes 643
#45 Fracture Mechanics 657
#46 Dislocation Theory for Geophysical Applications 677
#4 7 The Calculation of Energy Release Rates 685
#48 Point Defects 701
#49 The Change of Shape of a Viscous Ellipsoidal Region Embedded in a Slowly
Deforming Matrix Having a Different Viscosity 743
#50 The Elastic Energy-Momentum Tensor 753
#51 The Change of Shape of a Viscous Ellipsoidal Region Embedded in a Slowly
Deforming Matrix Having a Different Viscosity- Some Comments on a Discussion
by N. C. Gay 769
#52 Interaction and Diffusion of Point Defects 771
#53 Boundary Problems 779
#54 The Force on a Disclination in a Liquid Crystal 835
#55 The Energy-Momentum Tensor of Complex Continua 845
#56 Aspects of the Theory of Dislocations 861
#57 The Stresses on and in a Thin Inextensible Fibre in a Stretched Elastic Medium 903
#58 Lectures on the Elastic Energy-Momentum Tensor (Brown University, 1977) 907

Biographical Data
1916 December 21: John Douglas Eshelby born in Puddington, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
1937 First Class Honours in Physics, University of Bristol, UK.
1950 Ph.D. in Physics, University of Bristol, with a thesis on "Stationary and Moving Dislocations".
1953 Research Associate in the Physics Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana, USA.
1954 Lecturer in the Department of Physical Metallurgy at the University of Birmingham, UK.
1963 Visiting Professor at the Technische Hochschule and the Max Planck Institute in Stuttgart,
Germany.
1964 Senior Visiting Fellow in the Metal Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge
University, and thereafter Fellow and Lecturer at Churchill College, Cambridge, UK.
1966 Reader in the Department of the Theory of Materials at the University of Sheffield.
1971 Elected to a Personal Chair in the Department of the Theory of Materials, University of
Sheffield.
1974 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society for being "distinguished for his theoretical studies of the
micromechanics of crystalline imperfections and materia1 inhomogeneities".
1977 Awarded the Timoshenko Medal by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
1981 December 10: Dies in Sheffield, UK.
For a detailed biography the reader is referred to: "John Doug]as Eshelby. 21 December 1916-10
December 1981" , by B. A. Bilby, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 36, 1990,
pp. 126-150.
IX