Cold Gas at High Redshift: Proceedings of a Workshop Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, held in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands, August 28–30, 1995

447 Pages·1996·16.45 MB·English

by  Colin A. Norman, Robert Braun (auth.), M. N. Bremer, P. P. van der Werf, H. J. A. Röttgering, C. L. Carilli (eds.)

COLD GAS AT HIGH REDSHIFf
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
VOLUME 206
Executive Committee
W. B. BURTON, Ste"ewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. M. E. KUUPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E. P. J. V AN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University ofA msterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht,
The Netherlands
Editorial Board
I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany
J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A.
F. BERTOLA, Universittl di Padova, Italy
W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. P. CASSINELLI, University ofW isconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d' Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.sA.
P. O. MURDIN, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, U.K.
F. PACINI,Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.SA.
B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia
R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
S. TREMAINE, CITA, University of Toronto, Canada
Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University ofA msterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht,
The Netherlands
N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
COLD GAS AT
HIGH REDSHIFT
Proceedings of a Workshop
Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the
Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope,
held in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands, August 28-30, 1995
Edited by
M. N. BREMER
P.P. VANDER WERF
H. J. A. ROTIGERING
Leiden Observatory, The Netherlands
and
C. L. CARILLI
National Radio Astronomy Observatory,
Socorro, New Mexico, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7273-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1726-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2
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CONTENTS
Preface ................................ xi
Introduction: Cold Gas at High Redshift
Cold Gas at High Redshift. . . . . .
Colin A. Norman and Robert Braun
Cold Gas and Evolution at Low to Moderate Redshift
CO in Ultraluminous and High z Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
N.Z. Scoville, M.S. Yun, and P.M. Bryant
Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: Dissipation in Forming Spheroidal
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ;n
Paul P. van del' Werf
The Neutral Hydrogen Distribution in Luminous Infrared Galaxies 47
J.E. Hibbard and M.S. Yun
Molecular Gas and Dust in Infrared Luminous Galaxies . . 55
U.Lisenfeld, R.E. Hills, S.J.E. Radford, and P.M. Solomon
The Evolution of the Far-infrared Galaxy Population. 61
Michael Rowan-Robinson
The European Large Area ISO Survey: ELAIS 77
S.J. Oliver
Keck Observations of J-lJy Radio Sources: Hints to Galaxy Evolution 85
James D. Lowenthal and David C. Koo
VI
Theoretical Aspects
Small Scale Structure and High Redshift HI. . . . . . . . . . .. 93
D.H. Weinberg, L. Hernquist, N.S. Katz, and J. Miralda-Escude
Are the Lyman Alpha Forest "Clouds" Expanding Pancakes? Some
Theoretical Implications of the Recent Size Determinations
of Lyo: Absorbers ....................... , 109
M.G. Haehnelt
On the Distribution of Intergalactic Clouds 115
Stanislaw Bajtlik
Disk Galaxies at z = 0 and at High Redshift . 121
G. Kauffmann
Warm Gas at High Redshift. Clues to Gravitational Structure
Formation from Optical Spectroscopy of Lyman Alpha Ab-
sorption Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Michael Rauch
Gas in Clusters
H I Imaging of Clusters. 145
Jacqueline van Gorkom
An H I Survey of the Bootes Void 159
A. Szomoru
An H I Study of Ursa Major Spirals. Dark Matter in Spirals and
the TF -relations ........................ 165
M.A. W. Verheijen
H I at High Redshift 171
A. G. de Bruyn
Butcher-Oemler Effect and Radio Continuum
K.S. Dwarakanath and F.N. Owen
Warm Molecular Gas in AGNs and Cooling Flows 195
Walter Jaffe, Malcolm Bremer, and Roderick Johnstone
The Search for Cold Gas in the Intracluster Medium 199
Christopher P. O'Dea and Stefl A. Baum
X-ray Observations of Cold Gas in Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
R.M. Johnstone
Vll
Absorption Measurements
Absorption Measurements of Molecular Gas 215
F. Combes and T. Wiklind
ANew Molecular Absorption Line System. The Gravitational
Lens PKS 1830-211 at z = 0.88582 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227
T. Wiklind and F. Combes
Deep HST Imaging of a Damped Lyman a Absorbing Galaxy at
z = 2.81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~{3
P. M ¢ZZer and S.J. Warren
Associated X-ray Absorption in High Redshift Quasars. 239
Martin Elvis and Fabrizio Fiore
Opacity of Singly Ionized Helium from Very Tenuous Intergalactic
Absorbing Gas ........................ , :l45
W. Zheng
Heavy Elements in the Lyman-a Forest: Abundances and Clus-
tering at z = 3 ......................... 249
D.S. Womble, W.L. W. Sargent, and R.S. Lyons
Absorption Lines from Cold Gas in Extragalactic Superbu bbles.
Ti II and Ca II Absorption Towards the Superbubhle LMC2
in the Large Magellanic Cloud ................ 255
Adeline Caulet
Gravitational Lenses and Damped Lya Systems. 261
A. Smette
HI 21 em Line Observations of Damped Lya Systems. . . . . .. 267
C. Carilli, W. Lane, A.G. de Bruyn, R. Bral1,n, and G./(. Miley
A Radio Search for High Redshift H I Absorption . . . . . . 279
J.N. Chengalur, A.G. de Bruyn, R. Braun, and C. Carilli
Testing z ~ 0 Analogs for the Damped Lyman a Absorbers 285
F.H. Briggs and E. Sorar
Vlll
Interstellar Medium in Distant Galaxies
Molecular Gas in High Redshift Galaxies ....
Simon J. E. Radford
CO, C I and (Possibly) HCN in the Cloverleaf Quasar 301
Richard Ba'rvainis
Searching for Molecular Gas in a Radio Galaxy at Redshift ;{.8 :W5
R.J. Ivison, P. Papadopoulos, E.R. Seaquist, and S.A. Eales
Thermal Emission from Dust in High-z Galaxies .. . . 311
David H. Hughes
Submillimetre Observations of QSOs at Redshifts z > 4 :{25
K. G. Isaak, R. E. Hills, S. Wlzitlzington, and R. G. McMahon
1.25 mm Detection of 7 Radioquiet QSOs with Very High z .. :{31
A. Omont, R.G. McMahon., P. Cox, E. Kreysa, and J. Berge-ron
Radiative Transfer Models for IRAS F10214+4724 and other Hy-
perluminous Galaxies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :{:n
S.M. Green and M. Rowan-Robiniwn
IR and X-rays from IRAS F10214+4724: a Hidden AGN? 34;{
G.L. Granato, A. Franceschini, and L. Danese
Gas and Dust in high z radio galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
P.J. McCarthy
Kinematics and H I Absorption in Lya Halos around z > 2 Radio
Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;{6;{
Huub Rottgering
The Lya Velocity Field of the Radio Galaxy 4C41.17 (z = :{.8)
with TIGERjCFHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;{67
B. Rocca- Volmerange
The Effect of a Surrounding Cooling Flow on a Powerful Radio
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . :H3
M.N. Bremer, A.C. Fabian, and C.S. Crawford
An HST Look at Dust in 3CR Galaxies ....
S.A. Baurn, S. de Kojj, W. Sparks, J, BiTetta, D. Golornbek, D.
Macchetto, G. Miley, and P. McCarthy
Detailed Studies of the Lyman Alpha Kinematics in 2104-242 . ;{85
A.M. Koekernoer, W.J.M. van Breugel, P.J. McCarthy, and
J. Bland-Hawthorn
Orientation Effects in Quasar Spectra: Dust and Obscuration . . ;{91
Joanne C. Baker and Richard W. Hunstead
IX
Effects of Dust and Resonance Scattering on the UV Spectrum of
Radio Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. :{97
M. Villar-Martin, L. Binette, and R.A.E. FosbuTY
HST Observations of Radio Galaxies at z"" 1 ........ 403
P.N. Best
Instrumental Developments
Studies of Cold Gas in the Early Universe with Large Millimeter
Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Robed L. Bmwn
Strategies for Galaxy Surveys in the Submillimetre Waveballd . . 42;{
A. W. Blain
Considerations for Detecting CO in High Redshift galaxies. . . . 129
Frank P. ismel and Paul P. van deT Wer!
Future Possibilities for Detecting H I at High Redshift .. . . . . 4:H
Robed Bmun
SPH Simulations ofthe Early Universe. Performance of the Dwinge-
100 Square Kilometer Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
D.R. ingmm, N. Katz, D.H. WeinbeTg, and L. Hernq'llist
Searches for H I Emission from Protoclusters using the Giant Me-
trewave Radio Telescope - Observational Strategies . . . . . 457
C. SwaTup
Index ................................. 46:1
PREFACE
Recent years have seen increasing evidence that the main epoch of galaxy
formation in the universe may be directly accessible to observation. An-
gular fluctuations in the background relict radiation have been detected
by various ground-based instruments as well as by the COBE satellite, and
suggest that the epoch of galaxy formation was not so very early. Combined
optical and radio studies have found galaxies at redshifts above 2.0, systems
that at least superficially show the characteristics expected of large galaxies
seen only shortly after their formation. And absorption lines in the spectra
of quasars seem to be telling us that most cold gas at early to intermediate
cosmological epochs was in clouds having roughly galaxy sized masses.
What kinds of new observations will best help us study this high redshift
universe in future? What new instruments will be needed?
These are questions that loom large in the minds of the Dutch astronom-
ical community as we celebrate 25 years of operation of the Westerbork
Synthesis Radio Telescope. Celebration of this Silver Jubilee has included
a birthday party (on 23 June, 1995), a commemorative volume looking at
both the history and the future of the facility ("The Westerbork Observa-
tory, Continuing Adventure in Radio Astronomy," Kluwer 1996), and an
international workshop, held in the village of Hoogeveen on 28-30 August,
1995. That workshop, the proceedings of which are presented in this vol-
ume, focussed on one of the main scientific activities of the instrument,
indeed of the Dutch community in general, exploration of the extragalactic
universe via the observation of cosmic gas in its various manifestations. Of
course, astronomy these days seldom confines itself to a single portion of
the electromagnetic spectrum, so the scope of the workshop covered not
only studies at radio frequencies but also in millimeter, infrared, optical
and even higher frequency bands.
In the event, 79 participants from 9 countries came to Hoogeveen to con-
sider what can be learned about the early universe from the study of cold
gas. As readers of the proceedings will agree, the state of knowledge in the
field was well summarized at the workshop, even though the definition of
"cold" used by participants clearly covered quite a broad range of temper-
atures! The interest of the Dutch community in the field was if anything
strengthened and broadened at the workshop and our thinking about the
future stimulated.
On the short term that future will in any case include an upgraded and