Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience

480 Pages·2015·33.56 MB·English

by  E. Bruce Goldstein

About the Author Page: iv
Brief Contents Page: v
Contents Page: vi
CogLab Experiments Page: xvii
Demonstrations Page: xix
Methods Page: xx
Preface to Instructors Page: xxi
Preface to Students Page: xxvi
Acknowledgments Page: xxviii
Ch 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Page: 2
Cognitive Psychology: Studying the Mind Page: 4
Abandoning the Study of the Mind Page: 9
The Rebirth of the Study of the Mind Page: 12
Modern Research in Cognitive Psychology Page: 15
Something to Consider: Learning from This Book Page: 20
Chapter Summary Page: 21
Think about It Page: 22
Key Terms Page: 22
CogLab Experiment Page: 22
Ch 2: Cognitive Neuroscience Page: 24
Why Study Cognitive Neuroscience? Page: 27
Neurons: Communication and Representation Page: 28
Representation by Neurons Page: 33
Organization: Neuropsychology and Recording from Neurons Page: 39
Organization: Brain Imaging Page: 41
All Together Now: Neural Networks Page: 45
Something to Consider: What Neuroscience Tells Us about Cognition Page: 46
Chapter Summary Page: 48
Think about It Page: 48
Key Terms Page: 49
CogLab Experiment Page: 49
Ch 3: Perception Page: 50
The Nature of Perception Page: 52
Why is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? Page: 57
Information for Human Perception Page: 59
Conceptions of Object Perception Page: 63
Neurons and Knowledge about the Environment Page: 72
The Interaction between Perceiving and Taking Action Page: 74
Something to Consider: Where Perception Meets Memory Page: 79
Chapter Summary Page: 81
Think about It Page: 81
Key Terms Page: 82
CogLab Experiments Page: 83
Ch 4: Attention Page: 84
Attention as Information Processing Page: 87
Processing Capacity and Perceptual Load Page: 91
Attention as Selection: Overt and Covert Attention Page: 94
Divided Attention: Can We Attend to More Than One Thing at a Time? Page: 100
What Happens When We Don't Attend? Page: 105
Attention and Experiencing a Coherent World Page: 109
Something to Consider: Taking Possession by the Brain Page: 112
Chapter Summary Page: 115
Think about It Page: 116
Key Terms Page: 116
CogLab Experiments Page: 117
Ch 5: Short-Term and Working Memory Page: 118
The Modal Model of Memory Page: 121
Sensory Memory Page: 122
Short-Term Memory Page: 126
Working Memory Page: 133
Working Memory and the Brain Page: 141
Something to Consider: Math Performance and Working Memory Page: 146
Chapter Summary Page: 147
Think about It Page: 148
Key Terms Page: 148
CogLab Experiments Page: 149
Ch 6: Long-Term Memory: Structure Page: 150
Comparing Short-Term and Long-Term Memory Processes Page: 152
Episodic and Semantic Memory Page: 162
Imagining the Future Page: 166
Procedural Memory, Priming, and Conditioning Page: 168
Something to Consider: Memory Loss in the Movies Page: 172
Chapter Summary Page: 174
Think about It Page: 175
Key Terms Page: 176
CogLab Experiments Page: 176
Ch 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation Page: 178
Encoding: Getting Information into Long-Term Memory Page: 180
Retrieval: Getting Information out of Memory Page: 187
Consolidation: The Life History of Memories Page: 193
Something to Consider: Effective Studying Page: 202
Chapter Summary Page: 204
Think about It Page: 205
Key Terms Page: 205
CogLab Experiments Page: 205
Ch 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors Page: 206
Autobiographical Memory: What Has Happened in My Life Page: 208
Memory for "Exceptional" Events Page: 212
The Constructive Nature of Memory Page: 218
Memory Can be Modified or Created by Suggestion Page: 227
Why Do People Make Errors in Eyewitness Testimony? Page: 231
Something to Consider: The Power of Pictures Page: 238
Chapter Summary Page: 240
Think about It Page: 241
Key Terms Page: 242
CogLab Experiments Page: 242
Ch 9: Knowledge Page: 244
How are Objects Placed into Categories? Page: 247
Is There a Psychologically "Privileged" Level of Categories? Page: 253
Representing Relationships between Categories: Semantic Networks Page: 256
Representing Concepts in Networks: The Connectionist Approach Page: 260
The Representation of Concepts in the Brain Page: 264
Something to Consider: The Hub and Spoke Model Page: 270
Chapter Summary Page: 272
Think about It Page: 272
Key Terms Page: 273
CogLab Experiments Page: 273
Ch 10: Visual Imagery Page: 274
Imagery in the History of Psychology Page: 277
Imagery and Perception: Do They Share the Same Mechanisms? Page: 278
Imagery and the Brain Page: 284
Using Imagery to Improve Memory Page: 291
Something to Consider: Visual Imagery and Food Craving Page: 292
Chapter Summary Page: 294
Think about It Page: 295
Key Terms Page: 295
CogLab Experiments Page: 295
Ch 11: Language Page: 296
What is Language? Page: 298
Perceiving Phonemes, Words, and Letters Page: 300
Understanding Words Page: 303
Understanding Sentences Page: 308
Understanding Text and Stories Page: 317
Producing Language: Conversations Page: 322
Something to Consider: Culture, Language, and Cognition Page: 326
Chapter Summary Page: 330
Think about It Page: 331
Key Terms Page: 331
CogLab Experiments Page: 332
Ch 12: Problem Solving Page: 334
What is a Problem? Page: 336
The Gestalt Approach: Problem Solving as Representation and Restructuring Page: 336
Modern Research on Problem Solving: The Information-Processing Approach Page: 341
Using Analogies to Solve Problems Page: 348
How Experts Solve Problems Page: 355
Creative Problem Solving Page: 357
Something to Consider: Creativity, Mental Illness, and the Open Mind Page: 363
Chapter Summary Page: 365
Think about It Page: 366
Key Terms Page: 366
Ch 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning Page: 368
Making Judgments Page: 370
Decision Making: Choosing among Alternatives Page: 378
Deductive Reasoning: Syllogisms and Logic Page: 387
Something to Consider: The Dual Systems Approach to Thinking Page: 396
Postscript: Donders Returns Page: 398
Chapter Summary Page: 399
Think about It Page: 400
Key Terms Page: 401
CogLab Experiments Page: 401
Glossary Page: 402
References Page: 427
Name Index Page: 447
Subject Index Page: 454