i COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF AGING ii iii COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF AGING Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging SECOND EDITION Edited by Roberto Cabeza Lars Nyberg Denise C. Park 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 First Edition published in 2005 Second Edition published in 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Cabeza, Roberto, editor. | Nyberg, Lars, 1966– editor. | Park, Denise C., editor. Title: Cognitive neuroscience of aging : linking cognitive and cerebral aging / edited by Roberto Cabeza, Lars Nyberg, Denise C. Park. Description: Second edition. | New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2017. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016030377 (print) | LCCN 2016031903 (ebook) | ISBN 9780199372935 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780190660222 (UPDF) | ISBN 9780190660239 (EPUB) Subjects: LCSH: Brain—Aging. | Cognitive neuroscience. Classification: LCC QP356.25 .C64 2017 (print) | LCC QP356.25 (ebook) | DDC 612.8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016030377 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v Contents Contributors vii Introduction 1 I Methods and Issues 1 MRI Measures of Aging: Methodological Issues 9 Hanzhang Lu and Peiying Liu 2 Molecular Imaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease 35 Anna Rieckmann, Randy L. Buckner, and Trey Hedden 3 Age Differences in Structural Connectivity: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and White Matter Hyperintensities 71 David J. Madden and Emily L. Parks 4 Age Differences in Functional Connectivity at Rest and During Cognitive Tasks 105 Cheryl L. Grady 5 Multi modal Imaging of the Aging Brain 131 Anders M. Fjell and Kristine B. Walhovd 6 Structural and Functional Imaging of Aging: Longitudinal Studies 155 Lars Nyberg, Sara Pudas, and Anders Lundquist 7 Interpreting Age- Related Differences in Memory- Related Neural Activity 183 Michael D. Rugg vi vi Contents II Cognitive Processes 8 Selective Attention and Inhibitory Control in the Aging Brain 207 Theodore P. Zanto and Adam Gazzaley 9 Working Memory and Executive Functions In the Aging Brain 235 Patricia A. Reuter- Lorenz and Cindy Lustig 10 Neural Correlates of Age- Related Slowing 259 Timothy A. Salthouse 11 The Aging Hippocampus: Linking Animal and Human Research 273 Shauna M. Stark and Craig E. L. Stark 12 Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in the Aging Brain 301 Wei- Chun Wang and Roberto Cabeza 13 Emotion and Emotional Memory 337 Elizabeth A. Kensinger and Jaclyn H. Ford III Health and Disease 14 The Middle- Aged Brain: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective 363 Denise C. Park and Sara B. Festini 15 The Modifying Role of Hypertension in Cognitive and Brain Aging 389 Karen M. Rodrigue and Gerard N. Bischof 16 Genetics and Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging 415 Goren Papenberg, Ulman Lindenberger, and Lars Bäckman 17 Effects of Exercise on Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function in Older Adults 439 Kirk I. Erickson and Lauren E. Oberlin 18 The Link of Intellectual Engagement to Cognitive and Brain Aging 461 Martin Lövdén, Lars Bäckman, and Ulman Lindenberger 19 The Challenges of Disambiguating Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease from Cognitive Aging 485 Reisa Sperling 20 Late- Life Depression: Translating Neurobiological Hypotheses into Novel Treatments 507 George S. Alexopoulos and Robert E. Kelly Index 529 vii Contributors GeorGe S. AlexopouloS roBerto cABezA Weill-C ornell Institute of Geriatric Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Psychiatry Duke University White Plains, NY, USA Durham, NC, USA lArS BäckmAn kirk i. erickSon Aging Research Center Department of Psychology Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University of Pittsburgh University Pittsburgh, PA, USA Stockholm, Sweden SArA B. feStini GerArd n. BiSchof School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, TX, USA Dallas, TX, USA AnderS m. fjell rAndy l. Buckner Department of Psychology Department of Psychology and Center University of Oslo for Brain Sciences Blindern, Oslo, Norway Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA vii viii viii Contributors jAclyn h. ford AnderS lundquiSt Department of Psychology Department of Statistics Boston College Umeå University Boston, MA, USA Umeå, Sweden AdAm GAzzAley cindy luStiG Center for Integrative Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of California, San Francisco University of Michigan San Francisco, CA, USA Ann Arbor, MI, USA cheryl l. GrAdy dAvid j. mAdden Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Toronto, Ontario, Canada Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA trey hedden Department of Radiology lArS nyBerG Harvard Medical School Departments of Radiation Science Cambridge, MA, USA Umeå University Umeå, Sweden roBert e. kelly Weill-C ornell Medical College lAuren e. oBerlin White Plains, NY, USA Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh elizABeth A. kenSinGer Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Psychology Boston College Goren pApenBerG Boston, MA, USA Aging Research Center Karolinska Institutet ulmAn lindenBerGer Gävlegatan, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human deniSe c. pArk Development Center for Vital Longevity Berlin, Germany The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas, TX, USA peiyinG liu Advanced Imaging Research Center emily l. pArkS UT Southwestern Medical Center Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Dallas, TX, USA Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA mArtin lövdén Aging Research Center SArA pudAS Karolinska Institutet Integrative Medical Biology Gävlegatan, Stockholm, Sweden Umeå University Umeå, Sweden hAnzhAnG lu Department of Radiology pAtriciA A. reuter- lorenz Johns Hopkins University School of Department of Psychology Medicine University of Michigan Baltimore, MD, USA Ann Arbor, MI, USA ix Contributors ix AnnA rieckmAnn crAiG e. l. StArk Department of Radiology Department of Neurobiology & Behavior Massachusetts Geneneral Hospital University of California, Irvine Charlestown, MA, USA Irvine, CA, USA kAren m. rodriGue ShAunA m. StArk School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences Department of Neurobiology & Behavior The University of Texas at Dallas University of California, Irvine Dallas, TX, USA Irvine, CA, USA michAel d. ruGG kriStine B. WAlhovd Center for Vital Longevity Department of Psychology University of Texas at Dallas University of Oslo Dallas, TX, USA Blindern, Oslo, Norway timothy A. SAlthouSe Wei- chun WAnG Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive Neuroscience University of Virginia Duke University Charlottesville, VA, USA Durham, NC, USA reiSA SperlinG theodore p. zAnto Center for Alzheimer Research Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Treatment University of California, Harvard Medical School San Francisco Cambridge, MA, USA San Francisco, CA, USA