Table Of Content

Cognitive Computing for Internet of Medical Things Cognitive Computing for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers a complete assess- ment of the present scenarios, roles, challenges, technologies, and impacts of IoMT-enabled smart healthcare systems. It contains chapters discussing various biomedical applications under the umbrella of the IoMT. Key Features • Exploits the different prospects of cognitive computing techniques for the IoMT and smart healthcare applications • Addresses the significance of IoMT and cognitive computing in the evolution of intelligent medical systems for biomedical applications • Describes the different computing techniques of cognitive intelligent systems from a practical point of view: solving common life problems • Explores the technologies and tools to utilize IoMT for the transformation and growth of healthcare systems • Focuses on the economic, social, and environmental impacts of IoMT-enabled smart healthcare systems. This book is primarily aimed at graduates, researchers, and academicians working in the area of development of the applications of IoT in smart healthcare. Industry professionals will also find this book helpful. Cognitive Computing for Internet of Medical Things Edited by A Prasanth Lakshmi D Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj Balamurugan Balusamy Sherimon P C First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, A Prasanth, Lakshmi D, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, Balamurugan Balusamy and Sherimon P C; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 978-103-218-7884 (hbk) ISBN: 978-103-218-7891 (pbk) ISBN: 978-100-325-6243 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003256243 Typeset in Palatino by codeMantra Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................vii Editors ..............................................................................................................................................ix List of Contributors ........................................................................................................................xi 1. Toward the Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Review on Recent Innovations and Challenges ................................................................................................1 Arunkumar Gopu, Neelanarayanan Venkataraman, and M. Nalini 2. Introduction to Cognitive Computing .............................................................................23 M. Nalini, A. Prasanth, Arunkumar Gopu, and D. Lakshmi 3. IoT with 5G in Healthcare Systems ..................................................................................45 S. Vijayanand 4. Communication Protocols for IoMT-Based Healthcare Systems ...............................59 N. Pushpalatha, P. Anbarasu, and A. Venkatesh 5. Security and Privacy of Biomedical Data in IoMT ........................................................77 Ashish Kumbhare and Piyush Kumar Thakur 6. Cyber-Security Threats to IoMT-Enabled Healthcare Systems ................................105 S. Roobini, M. Kavitha, M. Sujaritha, and D. Rajesh Kumar 7. Using Self-Organizing Map to Find Cardiac Risk Based on Body Mass Index....131 Pon Bharathi A, Allan J. Wilson, S. Veluchamy, and S. Swathi 8. Embedded Medical IoT Devices for Monitoring and Diagnosing Patient Health in Rural Areas Peoples Using IoMT Technology ...........................................153 V. Karuppuchamy, S. Palanivel Rajan, and C. Manikandan 9. Case Studies: Cancer Prediction and Diagnosis in the IoMT Environment ..........173 C. Soundaryaveni, A. Prasanth, S. Lavanya, and K.K. Devi Sowndarya 10. A Deep Exploration of Imaging Diagnosis Approaches for IoMT-Based Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Diagnosis System – A Case Study .............................199 Preethi Sambandam Raju, Revathi Arumugam Rajendran, and Murugan Mahalingam Index .............................................................................................................................................217 v Preface Technology can help us in our personal and professional life in the quest to stay healthy. Our digital devices can help us to improve our diets, measure our workout activities, and keep track of our prescription compliance. Sensor-based devices such as physiological monitors, ventilators, infusion pumps, and bedside computer terminals are utilized in modern medical treatment for the reading of biomarkers and other clinical activities. Reducing human errors, increasing clinical outcomes, facilitating care coordination, enhancing practice efficiencies, and collecting data over time are all examples of how health informatics may help improve and revolutionize healthcare. Machine learning, the Internet of things (IoT), deep learning, embedded systems, augmented reality, and cognitive computing are among the technologies used. The usage of medical technological instruments ensures the safety of patients. First, there are medication warnings, flags and reminders, consultation and diagnosis reports, and improved patient data accessibility. Alerts, in particular, might assist someone in sticking to specified medications and treatment schedules. Digital technology in medicine and healthcare could help transform unsustainable healthcare systems into sustainable ones, ensure the equal relationships between medical professionals and patients, and provide cheaper, faster, and more effective disease solutions – technologies could help us win the cancer battle. Doctors and nurses now use mobile gadgets to record real-time data and update patients’ medical histories. Diagnoses and treatments become more accurate and efficient as a result. The centralization of key patient data and lab findings has significantly improved healthcare quality. The use of artificial intelligence-based analytical models to imitate the human thought process in complex settings where the solutions may be ambiguous and uncertain is known as cognitive computing. The goal of cognitive computing is to create a compu- tational model that mimics human thought processes. The computer may simulate the way the human brain works by using self-learning algorithms that leverage data mining, pattern recognition, and natural language processing. Cognitive computing systems are thinking, reasoning, and remembering systems that collaborate with humans to help them make better decisions. Its findings are meant to be consumed by humans. AI aims to produce the most accurate result or action by employing the best algorithm. Thanks to 5G’s 100 times more bandwidth than 4G for connecting with IoT devices, healthcare service providers can rely on remote patient monitoring or wearable devices to continuously gather, report, and transfer crucial information to a remote monitoring station. IoT has the potential to make healthcare more affordable and efficient in future. It can aid in the development of more personalized and patient-centered devices. Furthermore, IoT will enable patients to have better access to data and individualized care, resulting in fewer hospital visits. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a collection of medical equipment and apps that use online computer networks to link to healthcare IT systems. Machine-to-machine communication, which is the foundation of IoMT, is enabled by medical devices equipped with Wi-Fi. vii viii Preface A communication protocol is a set of rules that allows two or more entities in a communications system to send data using any physical quantity variation. The protocol specifies the communication rules, syntax, semantics, and synchronization, as well as error recov- ery techniques. IoT protocols are classified according to the role that each of them plays in the network. Protocols for network infrastructure (e.g., 6LowPAN), communications (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), data transmission (MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP), security (DTLS), device manage- ment, and telemetry (LwM2M) are just a few examples. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a network of sensors, wearable devices, medical devices, and clinical systems that are all connected. The embedded medical device takes the user’s inputs and compares them to a pre-loaded symptom dossier and then attempts to match the symptoms with the appropriate ailment. If the disease is not detected by evaluating the symptoms, it undertakes tests suggested by the pre-loaded symptom file to find a precise match for the condition. Embedded systems are also used in glucose monitors, pacemakers, CPAP machines, and a range of biomedical sensors. Embedded systems in biomedical applications allow clini- cians to use telemedicine and other remote systems to remotely monitor patients’ health and make diagnostic and treatment decisions. The security of data and devices has become a serious problem in the field of healthcare automation. This book covers a variety of tools and approaches for dealing with the safety and security systems of medical equipment. This book is a collection of chapters written for health professionals, academicians, undergraduates, graduates, and researchers who want to learn more about the cutting- edge technologies employed in modern drugs. Editors Dr. A Prasanth is an Assistant Professor at Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumpudur, India. He earned a B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, and an M.E degree in Computer Science and Engineering (with specialization in networks) from Anna University, Chennai, and also earned a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, India. Recently, he has received the Young Scientist Award from International Scientist Awards 2020 for his excellent research performance. He also received the Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from “2nd International Business and Academic Excellence Awards (IBAE)”, in Delhi, held on December 26, 2020. Moreover, he received the Young Researcher Award from “Institute of Scholars Awards” 2020. He has published more than 25 research articles in reputed international journals, among which 7 articles are indexed in SCI and 15 articles are indexed in Scopus. He has published and granted two patents. Further, he has published more than eight books under reputed publishers. He has served as a resource person in 20 AICTE-Sponsored STTP programs. Moreover, he has served as an Editorial Board Member in various reputed SCI journals. He has 8 years of teaching experience, and his research interests include Internet of things, edge computing, cloud computing, and 5G network. Dr. Lakshmi D i s a Senior Associate Professor (Grade 2) in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at VIT Bhopal University, Madhya Pradesh, India. Since February 2021, she was designated as an Educational Research Officer at Vishnu Educational Development and Innovation Centre (VEDIC) and an Associate Professor at B V Raju Institute of Technology run by Shri Vishnu Educational Society, Hyderabad, from 2016 to Feb 2021. She has been working in the educational sector since 1998. Her key focus is on exploring the dynamics of learning, dynamics of learner, and classroom dynamics, suitable to accelerate the learning efficacy of higher education students. With her expertise, she has delivered more than 150 sessions on various titles. Her research areas include machine learning, deep learning, Internet of things, educational technology, educational data mining, virtual education, and educational psychology. She holds a Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, India. She has published 28 articles in various journals and conference proceedings and contributed chapters to books. She has won two best paper awards: one in IEEE and one in Springer conference. One book publication titled, “Theory of Computation”, seven Indian patents provisionally published and waiting for examinations and filed one copyright waiting for grant. One copyright has been granted, two Australian patents have been granted, and one is filed and waiting for a grant. Dr. Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj is an Associate Professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering at Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. He holds a Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering from Anna University, India. He has presented papers at conferences, published articles and papers in various journals, and contributed a chapter to a book. His research and publication interests include wireless sensor networks and cloud computing. He is an Expert Advisory Panel Member of Texas Instruments Inc., the USA. ix