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cogeneration in the cane sugar industry SUGAR SERIES Vol. 1. Standard Fabrication Practices for Cane Sugar Mills (Delden) Vol. 2. Manufacture and Refining of Raw Cane Sugar (Baikow) Vol. 3. By-Products of the Cane Sugar Industry, 2nd edition (Paturau) Vol. 4. Unit Operations in Cane Sugar Production (Payne) Vol. 5. Noel Deerr: Classic Papers of a Sugar Cane Technologist (Payne, Compiler) Vol. 6. The Energy Cane Alternative (Alexander) Vol. 7. Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering (Hugot, 3rd edition) Vol. 8. Management Accounting for the Sugar Cane Industry (Fok Kam) Vol. 9. Chemistry and Processing of Sugarbeet and Sugarcane (Clarke and Godshall, Editors) Vol. 10. Modern Energy Economy in Beet Sugar Factories (Urbaniec) Vol. 11. By-Products of the Cane Sugar Industry, 3rd edition (Paturau) Vol. 12. Cogeneration in the Cane Sugar Industry (Payne) sugar series, 12 cogeneration in the cane sugar industry JOHN HOWARD PAYNE Elsevier Amsterdam — Oxford — New York — Tokyo 1991 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 211,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for the United States and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 655, Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10010, U.S.A. ISBN 0-444-88826-8 © Elsevier Science Publishers Β. V., 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V./ Physical Sciences & Engineering Division, P.O. Box 330, 1000 AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any meth ods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper Printed in The Netherlands ν PREFACE This writing is the result of requests for infor mation on the practical aspects of utilizing the cane plant as a source of both food and energy. The writer sought out technologists with long-time experience to contribute chapters in their field of expertise to strengthen the material from his own experience. The result is an overview of the subject of cogeneration in the cane sugar industry. Details of agriculture, factory practices, and equipment design are the scope of many other works. This, therefore, would be only the starting point for those considering an implementation project. John Howard Payne Honolulu 1990 VI ACKNOWLEDGMENT Recognition is given gratefully to Jacques R. Albert-Thenet for reviewing the entire manuscript, Alan S. Lloyd for assistance in matters electrical, Jacqueline S. Lowe who typed the original manuscript and Misue Okino Sakamoto for assistance in editing and proofreading. VII CONTRIBUTORS Jacques R. Albert-Thenet, Factory Superintendent, Oahu Sugar Company Limited, Waipahu, Hawaii Alex G. Alexander, Plant Physiologist, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico E. W. Broadbent, Consulting Engineer, Honolulu, Hawaii John W. Herkes, Consulting Engineer, Honolulu, Hawaii J. Robert Kwok, Vice President Production and Maintenance Group, Hawaiian and Commercial Sugar Company, Puunene, Hawaii Richard P. Lawler, General Superintendent, Electronics Control and Services, Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company, Puunene, Hawaii Alan S. Lloyd, Executive Staff Engineer, Hawaiian Electric Company Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii William E. McCraw, Vice President, Amfac Energy, Amfac Hawaii Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii George E. St. John, President, Amfac Energy, Amfac Hawaii Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii T. W. Vorfeld, President, Thermal Engineering Corporation, Honolulu, Hawaii This page intentionally left blank IX CONTENTS PREFACE V ACKNOWLEDGMENT VI CONTRIBUTORS VII INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1. SUGAR CANE 5 Chapter 2. HARVESTING 13 Chapter 3. FIBER IN A CANE CROP 27 Chapter 4. CANE CLEANING 37 Chapter 5. SEPARATING FIBER AND JUICE 45 Chapter 6. BAGASSE 61 Chapter 7. STEAM GENERATION FROM BAGASSE 75 Chapter 8. STEAM CYCLES 8 5 T.W. Vorfeld Chapter 9. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY 97 Chapter 10· BOILER CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION 107 Richard P. Lawler Chapter 11. A CONTEMPORARY INSTALLATION 127 William E. McCraw and T.W. Vorfeld Chapter 12. BAGASSE DRYING 143 Chapter 13. THE EFFICIENT USE OF PROCESS STEAM 159 Jacques R. Albert-Thenet Chapter 14. MUNICIPAL WASTE AS COGENERATION FUEL IN BAGASSE BOILERS 191 George St. John Chapter 15. PUBLIC UTILITY INTERCONNECTION 203 From the Standpoint of the Producer George St. John

Description:

The cane plant is probably the most efficient utilizer of sun energy for food production, and at the same time provides an equivalent quantity of biomass. The purpose of this book is to set down the unique position of sugar cane in the cogeneration field. Simultaneous with the development of distanc