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Cocteau: A Biography. PDF

596 Pages·1970·45.358 MB·English
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Books by Francis Steegmuller APOLLINAIRE: POET AMONG THE PAINTERS LE HIBOU ET LA POUSSIQUETTE THE CHRISTENING PARTY THE GRAND MADEMOISELLE THE TWO LIVES OF JAMES JACKSON JARVES MAUPASSANT, A LION IN THE PATH FLAUBERT AND MADAME BOVARY: A DOUBLE PORTRAIT STATES OF GRACE FRENCH FOLLIES AND OTHER FOLLIES THE MUSICALE THE SELECTED LETTERS OF GUSTAVE FLAUBERT (translator and editor) MADAME BOVARY (translator) GUSTAVE FLAUBERT: INTIMATE NOTEBOOK 1840--1841 (translator and editor) PAPILLOT, CLIGNOT ET DODO (with Norbert Guterman) SAINTE-BEUVE, SELECTED ESSAYS (translator and editor, with Norbert Guterman) Under the name BYRON STEEL 0 RARE BEN JONSON JAVA-JAVA SIR FRANCIS BACON Under the name DAVID KEITH A MATTER OF IODINE A MATTER OF ACCENT BLUE HARPSICHORD (hard cover; later, as a paperback under the name Francis Steegmuller) A IIIOGllAl,HY An Atlantic Monthly Press Book LITTLE, BROWN A:-.D COMPANY • BOSTON • TORONTO COPYRIGHT @ 1970 BY FRANCIS STEEGMULLER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRO· Dt:CED 1:S ANY FORM OR BY ASY ELECTRO:SIC OR MECHANICAL MEANS INCLUDISG INFORMATION STORAGE ASD RETRIEVAL SYS· TEMS WITHOt:T PERMISSION IS WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER, EXCEPT BY A RE\'IEWER WHO !\.IAY QUOTE BRIEF PASSAGES IN A REVIEW. LIB II.ARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD SO. 76-1 I 7039 FIii.ST EDITION Appendix XIV and portions of Chapters 5 and 6, Copyright© 1969 by The New Yorker Magazine, Inc. ATLANTIC-LITTLE, BROWN BOOlltS ARE PUBLISHED BY LITTLE, BROWS ASD COMPANY IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY PRESS P1<blislzed sim11ltaneomly in Canada by Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited PRINTED IS THF. t:SITED STATES OF AMERICA To Shirley Author's Nc,te I NVALUABLE assistance has been rendered to this work, since its inception, by the following persons, to whom I off er particular thanks: William Abrahams, Comte Henri de Beaumont, Douglas Cooper, Pierre Georgel, Mme. Albert Gleizes, M. and Mme. Maurice Goudeket, Norbert Guterman, Jean Hugo, the late Mme. Valentine Hugo, the late M. and Mme. Andre Maurais, Igor Stra• vinsky, Mme. Olivier Ziegel. My thanks are due to Edouard Dermit for his permission to quote from Cocteau's letters and other documents. I wish to ~xpress my gratitude also to the following persons: Miss Berenice Abbott, Harold Acton, Mme. Pierre Albert-Birot, Louis Aragon, Robert M. Asselineau, W. H. Auden, Georges Auric, Vander Barbette, Miss Natalie Barney, Jean-Louis Barrault, Jacques Barzun, Cecil Beaton, Yvon Belaval, Claude Benedick, Ingrid Bergman, Emmanuel Berl, Sir Isaiah and Lady Berlin, Dr. Charles Berlioz, Eugene Berman, Leonid Berman, Princesse Marthe Bibesco, Mme. Madeleine Bourret, Mrs. Erse Breunig, Reginald Bridgeman, Dr. Henry Brill, Richard Buckle, Wesson Bull, Roger Caillaud, M. and Mme. Julien Cain, Mlle. Gabrielle Chanel, Miss Geraldine Chaplin, Frarn_;ois Chapon, Morton N. Cohen, Leo Cole man, Lady Diana Cooper, Robert Craft, William Crawford, Mrs. Mina Curtiss, Colonel Deloste, Jean Denoel, the late Marcel Du champ, Jean-Claude Eger, John H. Field, the late Don Antonio de Gandarillas, Signora Liliana delli Ponti Garuti, Georges Geffroy, Mrs. Romaine Brooks Goddard, Vladimir Golschmann, Miss Peggy Guggenheim, Philippe Halsman, Jacques Hebertot, Miss Mary Hoeck, Georges Hugnet, Frarn;ois Hugo, Herbert Jacoby, Philippe Jullian, Miss Pauline Kael, Mme. Jeannette Kandaouroff, Jean Jacques Kihm, Lincoln Kirstein, Boris Kochno, Philip Kolb, Pierre de Lacretelle, Vincent Laloy, Richard Lane, Paul Leake, Henri X Author's Note Lefebvre, Raoul Leven, Harry Levin, William Lieberman, Serge Lifar, James Lord, G. Magistry, Jean Marais, Miss Sylvia Marlowe, Leonide Massine, the late Pierre de Massot, Robert Medley, Andre Meyer, Bernard Minoret, Paul Morand, Raymond M~rtimer, Dr. Werner Muensterberger, Comte Anne-Jules de Noailles, Vicomte Charles de Noailles and the late Vicomtesse de Noailles, :Miss Georgia O'Keefe, Alain Ollivier, George D. Painter, Francis Pal mero, Henry Pearlman, Lady Penrose (Lee Miller), Jacques Perry, Saint-John Perse, Jean Petithory, Roger Peyrefitte, Mme. Franc,;ois Porche (Mme. Simone), Jacques Porel, Rene Radiguet, Miss Vicky Rippere, Mme. Denise Roche, Ned Rorem, Sir Rohert and Lady Sainsbury, Mme. Raphael Salem, Michel Sanouillet, Vanni Schei willer, Mme. Elsa Schiaparelli, Mme. Robert Singer, the late Sir Osbert Sitwell, Mlle. Suzy Solidor, Mlle. Nicole Stephane, Roger Stephane, Miss Enid Starkie, Donald Ogden Stewart, Marchese Uberto Strozzi, Daniel Talbot, Richard Thoma, Jean Vallier, Rene Varin, the late Denise Van Moppes, Seymour de Vaulchier, Duca Fulco di Verdura, the late Louise de Vilmorin, Paolo Vivante, Baronne Wasmer (Marie Delle Donne), Mme. Alec Weisweiller, Glenway Wescott, Monroe Wheeler, Henry Wibbels, Jean Wiener, Edmund Wilson, the late Leonard Woolf, Princess X, Mrs. Marie Shabelska Y akofleff. And to the following institutions: Bibliotheque de I' Arsenal, Bibliotheque Nationale, Bibliotheque Litteraire Jacques Doucet de l'Universite de Paris ( Comite Andre Gide), Musee National d' Art Moderne, Cinematheque Fran~aise (Mme. Mary Meerson), Biblio theque Royale de Belgique. New York Public Library ( especially its Library and Museum of the Performing Arts), the New York Society Library, George Eastman House, Museum of Modern Art ( especially its Department of Film), American Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Libraries, the Library of Congress. Also: Manuscript Division, Syracuse University Library; Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University: The Hough ton Library, Harvard University. And to Janus Films, Inc. (fora private screening of Orphee) and Universal Education and Visual Arts ( for a private screening of Egypte 6 Egypte). In addition, my thanks go to the many others who have kindly responded to my requests for information or other assistance. Except where otherwise specified, translations from the French and the Italian are my own. F .S. Contents Author's Note ix 1. THE POET AS FREGOLI 1 2. THE POET OF THE SALONS 31 3. A KIND OF FIREWORKS 63 4. THE FIRST WORLD WAR OF JEAN COCTEAU 119 5. INVENTING THE TWENTIES 217 6. OPIUM, ORPHEUS, AND THE BLOOD OF A POET 319 7. COCTEAU, JEAN MARAIS, AND THE TENTH MUSE 417 Appendices I. Portions of Cocteau's Military Dossier 503 II. Two Poems (Cocteau's "Quand Nous Serons 'Ceux de la Guerre'" and Louis Aragon's "Les Lilas et les Roses") 504 III. Bernard Fay, excerpt from Les Precieux 506 IV. A Troupe of Actors Visits the Front 507 v. Cocteau "Leaves the War" 508 VI. An unpublished poem by Cocteau: "Rome, la Nuit" 511 VII. "Parade," by Guillaume Apollinaire 513 VIII. "La Mort de Guillaume Apollinaire," by Cocteau SIS IX. Prince Firouz described by Reginald Bridgeman 516 X. From "The Aesthetic Upheaval in France," by Edmund Wilson, Jr. 517 XI. An anecdote from Le Mot 518 XII. From Maurice Sachs's novel, Chronique !oyeuse et Scan- daleuse 519

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