Cocaine Abuse: Behavior, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications

471 Pages·1998·13.94 MB·English

by  Stephen T. Higgins

COCAINE A B U SE
BEHAVIOR, PHARMACOLOGY,
AND C L I N I C AL
APPLICATIONS
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C O C A I NE
A B U SE
BEHAVIOR,
PHARMACOLOGY,
AND CLINICAL
APPLICATIONS
STEPHEN T. HIGGINS
Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology
University of Vermont
Buriington, Vermont
JONATHAN L. KATZ
Department of Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
ACADEMIC PRESS
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To Tamra, Tara, and Lucy Higgins for
their loving support, understanding,
and companionship.
—S. T. H.
To my Carol, Brian, and Matthew, who
lovingly keep things in perspective; and
to the memory of Roger T Kelleher, who
was an outstanding scientist, editor, and
teacher, and remains a continuing
source of inspiration.
—J. L. K.
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CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS XV
FOREWORD XIX
PREFACE xxm
BASIC PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF COCAINE
SARI IZENWASSER
Introduction 1
Regulation of Transporter Function 2
Neurochemical Effects of Cocaine Measured in Vivo 5
Acute and Chronic Effects of Cocaine on Receptors 8
Molecular Mechanisms of Cocaine Effects 11
Summary 13
References 13
NEUROANATOMICAL BASES OF THE REINFORCING
STIMULUS EFFECTS OF COCAINE
S. BARAK CAINE
Introduction 21
The Mesoaccumbens Ascending Dopaminergic Pathway 22
VII
VIII CONTENTS
The Medial Prefrontal Cortex 31
The Amygdala's Role in Behavioral Effects of Self-Administered
Cocaine 35
Newly Charted Territories: Subiculum, Basal Nucleus,
and Pedunculopontine 39
Summary and ImpUcations for Cortico-Striato-Pallido-Thalamic
Circuitry 41
References 44
BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY
OF COCAINE AND THE DETERMINANTS
OF ABUSE LIABILITY
JACK BERGMAN AND JONATHAN L. KATZ
Introduction 51
Psychomotor-Stimulant Effects of Cocaine 52
Interoceptive Effects of Cocaine 56
Contextual Determinants of the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine 62
Alternatives to Cocaine Self-Administration 67
Suppression of Cocaine-Maintained Responding 70
Summary 74
References 74
BEHAVIORAL-ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS
OF THE REINFORCING FUNCTIONS
OF COCAINE
MARILYN E. CARROLL AND WARREN K. BICKEL
Introduction 81
Evaluation of Cocaine Reinforcement 82
Experimental Events Modulating Cocaine Reinforcement 87
Environmental Context 90
Processes Modulating Reinforcement 96
Summary 100
References 100
CONTENTS IX
TOLERANCE AND SENSITIZATION TO COCAINE:
AN INTEGRATED VIEW
WILLIAM L. WOOLVERTON AND SUSAN R. B. WEISS
Introduction 107
Tolerance 109
Sensitization 114
Tolerance and Sensitization in Cocaine Abuse 122
References 127
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF PHARMACOTHERAPIES
FOR COCAINE ABUSE
GAIL WINGER
Introduction 135
Drug Discrimination 137
Intravenous Drug Self-Administration 141
Antibodies to Cocaine 150
Conclusions 152
References 153
PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO COCAINE
KEVIN F. SCHAMA, LEONARD L. HOWELL, AND LARRY D. BYRD
Introduction 159
Case Studies 160
Epidemiological Studies 162
Nonhuman Experimental Studies 166
Conclusions 171
References 172