CO2 Conversion - ARPA-E

19 Pages·2009·1.43 MB·English

Joint Stanford-Berkeley
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Workshop
Berend Smit
UC Berkeley/LBNL
www.lbl.gov/dir/eih/ccs/
Conclusions
•
There will be many ideas that turn CO into money, but not many of these will
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have any noticeable impact on global CO levels (quote from Sally Benson)
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•
Yes we we would like to generate as many options as possible, but we also
need these ideas but we need to ensure that we can provide a feedback what
the research targets will be if employed on a global scale
•
A gigaton is beyond comprehension; evaluating targets is a research topic that
includes economical and sociological impacts
•
The targets depend on how the world will look like in 30 years;
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a 50% reduction of total CO emissions is sufficient
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•
zero CO emissions
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•
negative emissions
What to do with a GIGATON
of CO ?
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Abhoyjit S. Bhown (EPRI):
Let’s convert CO into “Dreamium™”
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www.TwentyThousandMinusThreeAppsOfDreamium.com
Making Dreamium™
Estimate +13% for
GWeif equimolar
2007
Rank Chemical 2002 Production rxwith CO2 90%
Mt* Mt Gmol capture
443.08 502.16 10339.12 66.95
GIGATON!
•
Useless options: Geological sequestration:
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there is the space for a gigaton and it is more or less proven
technologies
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Useful options: none at the gigaton scale!
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... but, with an increasing cost of producing CO there will an
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increasing number of niche applications below the gigaton scale ...
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... and these find a “scientific dessert”
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... who in its scientific right might would be working on
something as unexciting as CO ?
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McKinsey & Company (2008)
Carbon Capture and Storage
Successful CCS involves two aspects: capture and storage.
Capture is currently
considered to be the most
expensive part of CCS.
Geologic storage involves
uncertainties and risks
when considered at full
scale.
Carbon Cycle 2.0
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Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies
Berend Smit and Jeff Long (UC Berkeley)
The aim of this EFRC is to develop new
strategies and materials that allow for energy
efficient selective capture or separation of
CO from gas mixtures based on molecule-
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specific chemical interactions.
RESEARCH PLAN AND DIRECTIONS
Capture of CO from gas mixtures requires the molecular control offered by
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nanoscience to tailor-make those materials exhibiting exactly the right adsorption
and diffusion selectivity to enable an economic separation process.
Characterization methods and computational tools will be developed to guide and
support this quest.
Carbon Cycle 2.0
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Integrating Carbon Capture R&D
Needs to work in < 5 years
Pilot Power plant
Engineering Materials
With CCS
NETL Optimizing known concepts
EFRC
Needs to work in 10, 15, and 25 years
1000 US
Pilot Power plant
Power
Engineering Materials
With CCS
Plants
NETL Developing new concepts
Carbon Cycle 2.0
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In-silico Process Development
Configurational-
Bias Monte Carlo
Sorption isotherms
simulations
Ideal
Adsorbed
Solution
Theory
Permeation
Equations fluxes across
Molecular
Maxwell- of membranes;
Dynamics
Stefan continuity Breakthrough
Simulations; Maxwell-Stefan
theory of mass curves in
Transition diffusivities
for Zeolite and packed bed
State
Diffusion momentum adsorbers
theory
Kinetic Monte Carlo
Mixture diffusion
simulations
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