C O‐OPERATIVE S TORMWATER M ANAGEMENT I NITIATIVE Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options FINAL APRIL, 2014 Disclaimer This report has been prepared under the direction of the Cooperative Stormwater Management Initiative (CSMI). The ideas/thoughts/details given in it are conceptual, and the diagrams/figures included within are for illustrative purposes only. Recommendations presented within the context of the report are for the intended use of CSMI and does not reflect endorsement or policy of each CSMI member’s council or board. Any use that a third party makes of this report or reliance on or decisions made based on it is the responsibility of the third party. CSMI members: Calgary Regional Partnership Chestermere Utilities Incorporated City of Calgary Rocky View County Town of Strathmore Wheatland County Western Irrigation District Suite 260, East Atrium 2635 – 37 Ave NE Calgary, AB T1Y 5Z6 Phone: 403-250-1362 1-800-351-0929 Fax: 403-250-1518 Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative April 23, 2014 c/o Western Irrigation District File: N:\29\159 CSMI\Reports\Final Box 2372 Strathmore, Alberta T1P 1K3 Attention: CSMI Partners Dear Partners: Re: Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options MPE Engineering Ltd. (MPE) is pleased to submit the “Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options Report” to the Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative (CSMI). MPE has been proud to be part of this CSMI regional collaborative process. The initiative being undertaken by the CSMI respects the interests of all parties concerned. The willingness and cooperation demonstrated in the development of the preferred solution by all partners will form a solid basis to move forward with the regional stormwater management solution proposed. MPE looks forward to the opportunity to assist CSMI in implementing the next phases of this long‐term solution. Should you have any inquiries with regards to the report, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned. Yours truly, Daniel Parker, P.Eng. Senior Engineering Manager DLP/bl Enclosure Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative (CSMI) was formed to assist municipalities and Western Irrigation District (WID) to work together to find an effective and feasible solution to an issue that affects each sector in different ways. In late 2011, both the municipal partners and WID ascertained there was a need to undertake a collaborative process with the aim to develop a sustainable stormwater management (SWM) solution for the region in order to assist future land development. CSMI required an engineering assessment of a preferred SWM option that they had developed. CSMI had previously completed a comprehensive evaluation of SWM options. This evaluation established a shared understanding of: Current stormwater technology and options, Each partner’s interests, and Potential regional stormwater options that CSMI identified as meeting each partner’s interest. CSMI has proceeded to a more detailed engineering assessment of potential SWM (SWM) alternatives. The objective is to develop a SWM solution that: Meets necessary water quality objectives for stormwater runoff, Provides capacity for the projected stormwater discharge, and Supports the various requirements of the CSMI Partners’ interests. CSMI is comprised of the: Calgary Regional Partnership (CRP), Chestermere Utilities Incorporated (CUI), City of Calgary, Rocky View County (RVC), Town of Strathmore, Wheatland County, and Western Irrigation District (WID). The objective is to ensure that both the municipal and irrigation sectors work together, share resources, and develop a mutually beneficial solution. The shared solution will provide: 1. WID with long‐term sustainability for an irrigation system that supports a vibrant agricultural economy, and 2. Municipalities with the certainty of growth and cost to allow continued urban development and economic development that will arise from it. THE REGION AND GROWTH The irrigation distribution infrastructure has become central to the regional drainage patterns of the CSMI area. The general nature of drainage is from west to east; starting just within the eastern boundary of the City of Calgary. The general study boundaries of the area are the City of Calgary on the west, Irricana and Rockyford on the north, the Bow River on the south and with its eastern reaches extending as far as the Standard and Crowfoot Creek. Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options ii Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 The region’s proximity to the burgeoning economies of Calgary and surrounding region has meant steady and continuous land development. Population growth within the Calgary region has fueled the expansion of goods and services, and the need for residential and other types of development. The specific growth areas studied include an area on the eastern side of Calgary, and areas in and around Chestermere, Conrich, Langdon, and Strathmore. As this development grows, so too does the impact on water quality for the downstream receiving bodies. The area encompassed within CSMI area is separated into six study areas (See Table 1 and Figure 1). Each study area is experiencing its own development pressures, challenges, and of significance, they all share a single stormwater discharge point with an irrigation conveyance system. Table 1 Study Areas MUNICIPAL JURISDICTIONS LAND DEVELOPMENT ADJACENT STUDY AREA WITHIN AREA AREAS RURAL AREAS City of Calgary Belvedere, Shepard (Janet) Industrial 1 Highway 1 South Rocky View County None and West Chestermere Town of Chestermere 2 Highway 1 North Rocky View County Conrich, Delacour RVC North East Chestermere 3 Chestermere Town of Chestermere None South Chestermere 4 Langdon Rocky View County Hamlet of Langdon RVC South Wheatland Wheatland 5 Wheatland County Wheatland Industrial Industrial County Strathmore and Town of Strathmore West/North/East/South Strathmore Wheatland 6 Eagle Shores Wheatland County Eagle Shores County The growth areas (“Land Development Areas”) are expected to experience significant growth over the next 25 years. As part of the planning process, three milestone dates were used for estimating population and land use absorption. These were years 2016, 2024 and 2039. The population forecasts for each of these milestone dates were calculated based on existing planning documents for each study area. Generally, the growth rates for the CSMI region are approximately 2% to 4%. It was calculated that over the next 25 years there is an approximate population increase of 77,000 people. This will create a demand of approximately 7,621 ha of urban residential, industrial/commercial and country residential land development. Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options iii WHEATLAND COUNTY ROCKY VIEW COUNTY KEOMA KATHRYN MACDONALD 21 LAKE WY H C CANAL HWY 564 DELACOUR 9 Y W HWY 1 H SERVICEBERRY NORTH DALROY CREEK LYALTA B CANAL CONRICH HARTELL CITY COULEE OF CALGARY HWY 1 CHESTERMERE HWY 1 STRATHMORE CHESTERMERE WEED LAKE CHEADLE HWY 1 STRATHMORE AND SOUTH LANGDON WHEATLAND EAGLE LAKE EAGLE 24 INDUSTRIAL 7 LAKE HWY WY 81 H LANGDON L ESRD WH NA CANAL A C A CA A N A L SIKSIKA I.R. CSMI MAIN CANAL STUDY AREAS MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY STUDY AREA BOUNDARY DEVELOPMENT AREA/ASP BOUNDARY (Ha) SCALE: N.T.S. DATE: APRIL 2014 JOB: 29159-001 FIGURE: 1 Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND OPTIONS Stormwater runoff within the region flows naturally towards the irrigation canal distribution system. Control of the nutrient loadings from planned and existing urban land development has proven to be a challenge. Stormwater runoff from rural areas also contributes to nutrient loading into receiving water bodies. High nutrient loads are a concern for receiving water bodies (natural and irrigation distribution systems). The impact of water quality affects the operation of an irrigation distribution system. The aim of CSMI is to develop “Sustainable Stormwater Management Options” for the region that is designed to meet the needs of both the municipal and irrigation sectors. Nutrient loading not only results from urban land development, but also from rural areas in the form of agricultural practices and natural processes that occur in the environment (i.e. erosion, nutrient cycling). Therefore, the SWM solution should consider both urban and rural, structural and non‐structural options and strategies. In essence, the overall SWM system to service the CSMI study area should strive to: Manage runoff pollutants at source, Control runoff volumes to minimize impacts on the receiving water body, Ensure peak flow rates from urban land development meet ESRD Stormwater Drainage Standards and Guidelines, Convey the stormwater to its ultimate end‐use or destination, and Provide an ultimate end‐use (or destination) of the stormwater. To minimize the impact of increased runoff volumes and poor water quality in the CSMI’s study area, the types of key stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) that can be employed in future land development areas include: Minimize generation of runoff. Retain runoff on‐site through evapotranspiration, infiltration and/or reuse. Capture, hold and use runoff within a development or municipal area for reuse (green space irrigation). Treat stormwater using filtering and settling systems. Specific options reviewed included: 1) Source Control: Low Impact Development and Source Control Practices. 2) End‐of‐Pipe Control: Urban constructed wetlands and traditional wetponds stormwater facilities with or without reuse. It was found that a number of these practices are applicable for CSMI, particularly the application of Low Impact Development (LID) practices for reduction of runoff volumes. Although these water quality treatment techniques are being applied more broadly in other parts of the world, there is still significant local knowledge to be gained within Alberta (i.e. the design of these practices require “optimization” for phosphorus management). This is true for all SWM BMPs, including wetponds and wetlands. Therefore, water quality monitoring, together with research and development, is required in the CSMI area for evaluation and acceptance of these types of BMPs as an assured method of meeting water quality guidelines or SWM guidelines. Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options v Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 Improvements to the rural stormwater runoff water quality will further enhance irrigation water quality, and possibly recreation water quality. Therefore, as part of the development of an overall SWM alternative for the CSMI rural region, an analysis and overview of the rural phosphorus contributions, as well as discussion of opportunities for reducing phosphorus loads for rural areas, was undertaken. Deterrents to implementation of Rural BMPs are: The uncertainty producers face in the effectiveness of the management practices, The age of the farm operator, and The cost to implement. Generally, agricultural producers are innovative and implement management practices that are economically viable and compatible with operations. There are, however, a percentage of producers that may never adopt these practices. There are three generic options that are available to convey the stormwater runoff within the CSMI area. In general, they are: a) In‐Canal during the “Irrigation Season” (May 1 through to September 30), b) In‐Canal during the “Off‐Season” (September 30 through to May 1), and c) Out‐of‐Canal. The In‐Canal during the Irrigation Season conveyance option would permit stormwater runoff conveyed through the irrigation system during the period of time that the canals are in operation. Runoff would enter the distribution system at specific inlet locations and be required to meet specific water quality targets. The In‐Canal during the Off Season Release conveyance option is defined as the catching and storing of stormwater runoff from development areas and then releasing into the canal system after the irrigation season is completed. Rural runoff would continue to be accepted as is the current practice; or in the interest of improving the irrigation water quality ‐ Rural BMPs could be implemented. The Out‐of‐Canal conveyance option aims to limit or prevent runoff discharges into the main irrigation supply canal system to avoid impacting the canal’s water quality. This option creates a conveyance system independent of the irrigation distribution system. In some components, a parallel conveyance system to the main irrigation canal is developed. This system could be staged and implemented over time as development occurs. The initial stages would use a “Catch, Store and Off‐Season Release” concept. The system would be designed based on the pre‐development stormwater flows for the full catchment areas. This is described as follows: For initial land development phases, the developer may be required to construct stormwater facilities as necessary to store all runoff during the irrigation season. Sizing of the facilities will be appropriate for the development area to achieve the short‐term operation scenario in accordance with the CSMI proposed guidelines. The intent would be to eventually incorporate these facilities into the ultimate SWM facilities for the long‐term continuous discharge as per the Out‐of‐Canal SWM alternative. The “Off‐Season” release would discharge into the existing irrigation canal system as it is currently constructed, with the exception that a Chestermere Lake bypass would have to be put in place. Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options vi Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 Rural stormwater runoff can continue to be accepted as the current practice; or in the interest of improving the irrigation water quality, Rural BMPs should be implemented. DEVELOPED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES Considerations used to develop SWM alternatives were: Alternatives that encapsulate established technologies and practices that are already being applied within the local region, Emerging technologies and practices that are being implemented locally or that have an excellent chance of becoming a recommended practice in the near (<10 year) future, Practices that are easily adaptable to each study area, and Rural BMPs that are coupled with underdrains at strategic locations. The alternatives developed include: Stormwater Collection and Treatment Stormwater Conveyance End‐Use (Irrigation [Agricultural] or into a Natural Receiving Water Body) The Rural BMPs are included in each alternative because rural areas are a contributor to nutrient loading during significant runoff events. SWM alternatives have been developed according to the following two categories: 1. In‐Canal 2. Out‐of‐Canal The four main SWM alternatives reviewed are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Proposed Stormwater Management Alternatives – Generic STORMWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT STORMWATER END USE ALTERNATIVE CONVEYANCE DESTINATION URBAN RURAL Irrigation – 1‐1 Wetponds Only BMPs In‐Canal (Agriculture) Wetponds with Urban Irrigation – 1‐2 BMPs In‐Canal Greenspace Irrigation (Agriculture) Intensive LID Practices Irrigation – 1‐3 BMPs In‐Canal with Wetponds (Agriculture) Reduced LID Practices Release to Natural 2‐1 BMPs Out‐of‐Canal with Wetponds Water Body The In‐Canal SWM alternatives are all considered long‐term solution. Figure 2 provides an overall schematic of the different routing options for the stormwater flows. Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options vii Co‐operative Stormwater Management Initiative Final – April, 2014 Engineering Assessment of Preferred Stormwater Management Options viii
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