Cloud Computing with Security and Scalability: Concepts and Practices

417 Pages·2022·13.237 MB·English

by  Naresh Kumar Sehgal, Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt, John M. Acken

Naresh Kumar Sehgal
Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
John M. Acken
Cloud
Computing
with Security
and Scalability
Concepts and Practices
Third Edition
Cloud Computing with Security and Scalability
Naresh Kumar Sehgal • Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
• John M. Acken
Cloud Computing with
Security and Scalability
Concepts and Practices
Third Edition
Naresh Kumar Sehgal Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt
Cloud Engineering Group Bangalore, Karnataka, India
NovaSignal Corporation
Los Angeles, CA, USA
John M. Acken
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Portland State University
Portland, OR, USA
ISBN 978-3-031-07241-3 ISBN 978-3-031-07242-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07242-0
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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Pramod would like to dedicate this book to
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, inventor of
the World Wide Web, which revolutionized
the way we communicate information and
share knowledge.
Naresh wants to dedicate this book to his late
parents, Sh. Pawan Kumar Sehgal and Mrs.
Pushpa Sehgal. They taught him the value of
hard work and loyalty.
John wants to dedicate this book to his late
parents, John H. Acken and Mary Ann Acken.
Foreword to the Third Edition
In the past two decades Cloud computing has moved from the labs of computer
scientists to broad industry adoption. However, the pace of adoption has varied sig-
nificantly across market sectors. Healthcare is arguably the last industry to leverage
the benefits of cloud computing, with most hospitals still in the initial phase of
deployment. Legitimate concerns were raised as the technology emerged, with the
greatest being confidence in Cloud security and the ability to protect patient health
information. Over time it has been demonstrated that Cloud security is superior to
on-premise information technology, casting aside the frequently sited barrier to
adoption. At the same time, the explosion of healthcare start-ups has proven the
benefits to patient care, from telemedicine to personal healthcare devices to digitally
connected care teams. We have at last reached the tipping point for healthcare in
the Cloud.
This third edition explores the intersection of Cloud computing scalability and
the healthcare sector, the benefits, and future opportunity. The information con-
tained will serve practitioners and students alike. As one working in the med-tech
industry – alongside the lead author of this book – I’m optimistic in the acceleration
of Cloud adoption, and the positive impact it will have on the speed and quality
of care.
NovaSignal Corporation Diane M. Bryant
Los Angeles, CA, USA
January 27, 2022
vii
Foreword to the Second Edition
Since the advent of microcomputers, Internet, and open-source operating systems,
the world is continuously seeing revolutionary changes every decade in social and
economic activities due to digital transformation. This decade clearly belongs to the
common slogan “Cloud First, Mobile First” which we all routinely hear.
My three decades of experience in this digital economy world has taught me that
disruptions in technologies, solutions, and processes always continue to happen.
Knowing the current mega trends, either as a practitioner or as an academic, will
help one to be a change agent or a key enabler for the next disruption.
From this aspect, I see the second edition of the “CloudBook” from Dr. Naresh
Sehgal and his coauthors as a comprehensive text, which connects previous techno-
logical changes that led to the disruptive mega trend Cloud Computing, followed by
end-to-end technological and business capabilities that made Cloud Computing a
key driver of digital transformation in this decade. It touches on emerging trends
like edge computing and deep analytics for data democratization with synthesis and
access of data towards the next mega trend that is underway. This book has been
substantially enhanced with a security focus for the applications and data protection
in Cloud.
Intel Corp. Shesha Krishnapura
Santa Clara, CA, USA
May 28, 2019
ix
Foreword to the First Edition
The Cloud is a massive advancement in computer architecture. It is transforming the
way all digital services are delivered and consumed, accelerating the digitization of
all industries. With its high efficiency and scale, Cloud Computing enables the
democratization of technology worldwide.
With breakneck pace of technology innovation, broad education of the Cloud
lags the adoption. This book drives to close that gap and broaden the knowledge
base on what is a critical and foundational capability.
For all those looking to contribute to the digital economy, this book is a highly
valuable source of information.
Intel Corp. Diane  M. Bryant
Santa Clara, CA, USA
November 3, 2017
xi
Foreword to the First Edition
A Google search of “Cloud Computing” resulted in 90 million hits in December
2017. It is thus apparent that Cloud Computing is one of the hottest terms in com-
puting. It is a metaphor for computers connected to the Internet, which are enclosed
in a Cloud like boundary in figures that are used in power point presentations.
According to a Wikipedia entry (since removed) the term was first used academi-
cally in a paper entitled “Intermediaries on Cloud Computing” by Ramnath
Chellappa in 1997. A start up called Net Centric (now defunct) applied for a trade
mark for “Cloud Computing” in 1999 for educational services that was rejected.
The terms became popular after it was used in 2006 by Eric Schmidt (then the CEO
of Google). The idea of Cloud Computing as a computing utility, that is, “pay for
what you use” computing was foreseen in 1961 by John McCarthy. In 1957 (the
mainframe era) MIT had one of the most powerful computers at that time, an IBM
704, that was used in a batch mode with punched cards as input. It was time con-
suming to write complex programs and make them work on this computer. John
McCarthy, who had joined the faculty of MIT in 1959, found it very difficult to use
this computer for his research. He wrote, in frustration, a note to the Director of the
Computer Centre suggesting that tele-typewriters from the offices of faculty mem-
bers be connected to the IBM 704 permitting interactive time-shared use of the
computer by several persons simultaneously. Both hardware and software technol-
ogy were not available to implement this idea. Fernando Corbató, who was then the
Associate Director of the MIT Computer Center, took up the challenge and led a
team that designed the hardware and the software of what is known as the Compatible
Time Sharing System (CTSS) on an IBM 709, the successor of IBM 704. The sys-
tem became operational in 1961 that happened to be the centennial year of MIT. John
McCarthy in a lecture during the centennial year celebration said that time-shared
computers someday in the future will be organized as a public utility just as a tele-
phone system is a public utility and that such a computing utility could become the
basis of a new and important industry. It took over five decades to realize the dream
of John McCarthy and now Cloud Computing is an important industry that provides
not only as much computing and storage as one wishes from one’s desk but also
application programs “on tap”, on a pay only for what you use basis. A number of
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xiv Foreword to the First Edition
technologies had to mature to provide what we now call Cloud architecture. Among
these are the emergence of the high-speed Internet, rapid development of high band-
width communication at competitive rates, availability of huge storage at throw-
away prices, and accessibility of powerful and highly reliable computers at low cost.
In addition, developments in software had to mature that include, advances in oper-
ating systems, powerful high-level language compilers, service oriented architec-
ture, and cryptography. The major features of the Cloud model of computing are:
service orientation, on-demand provisioning, virtualization, multi-tenancy, self-
healing, and SLA driven. Pay as you use is an added business model, which is the
main feature of a utility.
The architecture model of Cloud Computing is a paradigm shift and will be the
way data centers will be architected in the future. In the curriculum of undergradu-
ates in computer science and engineering a number of discrete subjects such as
programming, computer logic design, computer architecture, computer networks,
Internet architecture, operating systems, World Wide Web software, and object-
oriented design are taught. A synthesis of many of the concepts learnt in these
courses is required to design Cloud architecture. Cloud Computing will become a
very important course taken by students in their final year of the undergraduate cur-
riculum and text books are needed to teach such a course. A number of books on
Cloud Computing have appeared since 2015. Many of them are addressed to work-
ing professionals and are not comprehensive. The book by Dr. Naresh Sehgal and
Professor P.C.P. Bhatt is written primarily as a textbook. A look at the table of con-
tents shows that the coverage of the book is comprehensive. It starts from basic
principles of Cloud Computing, describes its historical evolution, outlines various
models of the Cloud, types of services, how to characterize workloads, customers’
expectations, management of Cloud, security issues, problems in migrating applica-
tions to a Cloud, analytics, economics, and future trends. A uniform feature of the
book is a nice combination of a scholarly exposition with a practical orientation. I
particularly appreciated their treatment of workload characterization, management,
and monitoring. The authors have conducted experiments on the performance of the
providers of Cloud services using diverse workloads and have analyzed the results.
They have devoted considerable effort to explain the problems of Cloud security.
Every chapter has a large number of references to original sources that will provide
the students enough information to explore beyond what is in the text. Exercises are
well thought out and there is a project orientation in these so that students can learn
by doing.
Dr. Naresh Sehgal has a wealth of experience in the design and development of
Intel products, and has been training professionals in the industry. This has resulted
in the practical orientation of the book. Professor P.C.P. Bhatt has over 40 years of
experience in teaching students in reputed academic institutions internationally and
also to professionals in industries. He is one of the pioneer teachers of India. This
book has gained a lot by this admirable collaboration of an experienced professional
with a reputed academic. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and learnt a lot
form it. I am confident that both students and working professionals will gain a lot