Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 1996: Vol 12 Index

21 Pages·1996·4 MB·English

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996
Volume 12
February CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY, pages 1-236
May CARE OF THE TERMINALLY ILL PATIENT, pages 237-433
August PAIN MANAGEMENT, pages 435-633
November GAIT AND BALANCE DISORDERS, pages 635-902
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type
Abdominal pain, as reason for physician Alarm systems, for fall prevention, in nurs-
visit, 445 ing home, 897
Academy of Hospice Physicians, 263 Allodynia, with nerve injury, 503
Acceptance, in dying process, 361 Alpha, agonists, for neuropathic pain, 512
Accidental falls, in nursing home, 885-886 Alpha blockers, for left ventricular hyper-
Acetaminophen, for cancer pain, 287-288 trophy, 64
Active euthanasia, definition of, 624 Alzheimer’s disease. See Cognitive impair-
moral issues of, 625-626 ment; Dementia.
near end of life, 373-374 Ambularm, for fall prevention, in nursing
patient requests for, 624-625 home, 897
with pain, 623-626 Ambulatory electrocardiography, in inyo-
Acupuncture, for pain management, in ter- cardial infarction diagnosis, 93-97
minal care, 303-304 Amitriptyline, adjuvant, for cancer pain,
Acute myocardial infarction, therapy for, 295
141-168. See also Myocardial infarc- for neuropathic pain, 508
tion. Amsler grid, for central visual field evalua-
Adenosine, for pharmacologic stress test- tion, 813-814
ing, 113 Analgesics, administration of, routes for,
Advance directives, in end of life decision 495
making, 372-373 for neuropathic and sympathetically
Aerobic capacity, changes with aging, 81 maintained pain, 501-515
Aerobic conditioning, interventions and for postoperative pain management, 586—
outcomes with, 770-771 594
studies of, 769-772 narcotics, 588-594
in healthy elders, 769-772 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
in impaired elders, 771-772 586-588
Aerobic exercise, recommendations for, 216 opioid, in elderly, 489-500. See also
Age(ing), decline in fitness with, 210-211 Opioid(s).
decline in function with, 209-210 pain clinic use of, 567
effect on exercise capacity, 102 Anesthetic procedures, for back pain man-
effect on maximal heart rate, 102-103 agement, 522-523
effects on biomechanics and physiology Anger, in dying process, 360
of gait, 659-678 Angina, as reason for physician visit, 444
hypertension and, common features of, in coronary artery disease, 89-91, 121-
45 140
normal, pain in, 461-462 stable, drug treatment of, 132-134
physiologic decline with, and cardiac unstable, coronary angiography for, 136
disease, 208-211 management of, 134-137
Agonists, opioid, 490, 492-495. See also pathogenesis of, 134
Opioid(s). with hypertension, 47
904 CUMULATIVE INDEX
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in- Aspirin, after acute myocardial infarction,
hibitors, after acute myocardial in- 174
farction, 172-174 for acute myocardial infarction, 143-144
for acute myocardial infarction, 150-151 for coronary heart disease prevention, in
for atherosclerotic lesions, 14 diabetes mellitus, 75
for hypertension, 49 Assisted suicide, with pain, 623-626. See
for hypertension prevention, 51-52 also Suicide.
for left ventricular hypertrophy, 64 Atenolol, for acute myocardial infarction,
Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase ac- mortality in, 144
tivator complex (APSAC), for acute Atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus, as
myocardial infarction, 147-148 cardiovascular disease risk factors,
Ankle, gait kinetics of, 672 70-71
kinematics of, 667—668, 670 lesions of, future approaches to, 13-15
Antiadrenergic drugs, peripherally acting, initiation of, 1-2
for hypertension prevention, 52 morphology of, 4
Antiarrhythmic agents, for acute myocar- progression of, 2-11
dial infarction, 151-152 plaque rupture and occlusive throm-
Anticholinergics, for dyspnea, in terminal bus formation, 7-10
illness, 318 rapid thrombus-mediated, 7
Anticoagulant(s), after acute myocardial in- slow, 3-5
farction, 174-175 stable collagen-rich plaque forma-
for acute myocardial infarction, 149 tion, 11
for unstable angina, 136 unstable lipid-rich plaque formation,
Anticonvulsants, adjuvant, for cancer pain, 5-7
294-296 regression of, 13-15
for neuropathic pain, 510 thrombogenic factors in, local, 8-9
Antidepressants, adjuvant, for cancer pain, degree of plaque disruption, 8
294-296 degree of stenosis, 8-9
and falls, 850-851 residual thrombus, 9
for neuropathic pain, 507-510 surface roughness, 9
in terminal illness, for anxiety, 332 tissue substrate, 8
for depression, 334 systemic, 9-10
Antiemetics, dosages of, in terminal illness, cholesterol levels, 9-10
316 enhanced coagulation activity, 10
Antihypertensive treatment, and falls, 851- enhanced platelet activity, 10
852 high catecholamine levels, 9
benefit in very old, 48 high Factor VII levels, 10
in primary and secondary prevention, high fibrinogen levels, 10
50-53 impaired fibrinolysis, 10
Antiviral agents, for neuropathic pain, 512- lipoprotein(a) levels, 9-10
513 metabolic state, 9-10
Anxiety, in terminal illness, 330-333 vulnerability to rupture, 6-7
Anxiolytic medications, for terminally ill Attention-diversion techniques, in pain
patients, 331 management, 466
Arm movements, compensatory, control of, Attention span, with aging, 467
649-653 Autonomy, cultural differences concerning,
Aromatherapy, for pain management, in
399-400
terminal care, 306-307
cultural perspectives on, 397-399
Arrhythmia(s), in acute myocardial infarc- in pain management, 621
tion, management of, 155-156
in coronary artery disease, 89-91
in myocardial infarction diagnosis, 94 Back pain, as reason for physician visit, 443
in myocardial infarction prediction, 94, 95 Baclofen, for neuropathic pain, 512
Arterial compliance, decreased, in hyper- Balance. See also Gait.
tension, 44—46 control of, during gait and volitional
Arthralgia, as reason for physician visit, movement, 653-654
444 definition of, 706
Arthritis, and pain, in nursing home, 602 disorders of, in Parkinson’s disease, 825-
and risk of fall, treatment of, 755 845
as reason for physician visit, 444 clinical manifestations of, 825-827
CUMULATIVE INDEX 905
laboratory studies of, 828-838 sympathomimetic properties of, 129
functional assessment of, 705-723 types of, 127
evaluation framework for, 719-720 for atherosclerotic lesions, 14
existing measures for, 710-718 for hypertension, 49
practicality of, 710 for hypertension prevention, 50
properties and potential uses of, 717- for left ventricular hypertrophy, 63
718 for unstable angina, 136
rationale for, 706-708 with calcium channel blocker, for stable
reliability and validity of, 708-709 angina, 133
responsiveness of, 709-710 with nitroglycerin, for stable angina, 133
in gait, 662-664 Bile acid sequestrants, as lipid-lowering
interventions and outcomes with, in agents, 37
healthy elders, 774 Bioethics, in pain management, 619-621
problems with, and risk of fall, treatment Blind spot, paracentral, effect of, 807
of, 755 Blood pressure, effect of physical activity
studies of, 772-773 on, 80
Balance function, assessment of, in dizzi- Body, disposal of, customs related to, 396-
ness, 797 397
Balance Scale, for functional balance and Body composition, decline with aging, 210
gait measures, 717 Body fat distribution, effect of physical ac-
reliability of, 711-712 tivity on, 80
responsiveness of, 712 Body weight, effect of physical activity on,
validity of, 713 80
Bargaining, in dying process, 360-361 Bone pain, adjuvant treatment for, 296
Base of support, definition of, 636 Bowel obstruction, in terminal illness, clini-
Bedcheck, for fall prevention, in nursing cal features of, 323
home, 897 management of, 322-324
Behavior, as evidence of pain, in cogni- Bowel regimens, for constipation, in termi-
tively impaired persons, 484 nal illness, 321
Behavior modification, for pain manage- Bradykinesia, in Parkinson’s disease, 834
ment, in terminal care, 305-307 Breathing pattern change, in impending
aromatherapy, 306-307 death, 364
guided imagery, 305-306 Buprenorphine, for postoperative pain
Behavioral-cognitive techniques, in pain management, 589
management, 464—466 Bupropion, for depression, in terminal ill-
Beneficence, in pain management, 621 ness, 338
Benzodiazepine(s), and falls, 850-851 Bursitis, as reason for physician visit, 445
in terminal illness, for anxiety, 330-332
for depression, 340
for dyspnea, 318 Calcium channel blocker(s), after acute
myocardial infarction, 171-172
Bereavement care, in terminal illness, 273—
for acute myocardial infarction, 150
277
age-appropriate models and interac- for angina, 130-132
for hypertension, 49
tional styles, 276-277
intervention in abnormal grief process, for hypertension prevention, 50-51
for left ventricular hypertrophy, 64
276
with long-acting nitrate, for stable an-
progress of grief process, 274-276
use of medications, 274 gina, 133
validate and normalize feelings, 274 Cancer pain, analgesics for, 285-296
Best interests, definition of, 377 non-opioids, 285-287
Beta blocker(s), after acute myocardial in- acetaminophen, 287-288
farction, 169-171 dosing of, 287
for acute myocardial infarction, 144-146 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
contraindications to, 146 drugs, 285-287
mortality in, 144-145 tramadol, 288
for angina, 127-130 opioids, 288-292. See also Opioids.
adverse reactions to, 129-130 assessment of, 283-284
antiarrhythmic properties of, 129 causes of, 283
lipid solubility of, 127, 129 in nursing home, 602
pharmacology of, 128 incidence and impact of, 280-281
906 =CUMULATIVE INDEX
Cancer pain (continued) Central nervous system depressants, for
management of, ethical issues in, 617 neuropathic pain, 506-507
initial strategies for, 611 Central pain, 505
pharmacologic management of, 284-285 Cerebrovascular disease, postural control
treatment of, 280 and gait assessment in, 735
types of, 283-285 Cervical dizziness, 792
undertreatment of, factors contributing Chest pain, in myocardial infarction, 92
to, 282 Chlorpromazine, for anxiety, in terminal
Capacity, definition of, 377 illness, 332
Capsaicin, adjuvant, for cancer pain, 295 Cholesterol, elevated, and coronary disease
for neuropathic pain, 511 risk, 35
Captopril, after acute myocardial infarc- levels in atherosclerotic thrombogenesis,
tion, 172 9-10
Carbamazepine, adjuvant, for cancer pain, lowering of, and cardiovascular disease
295 prevention, 36
Cardiac disease, exercise training for, out- special considerations in elderly, 36-38
comes of, 223-226 Clonidine, for neuropathic pain, 512
physiologic decline with aging and, 208- Coagulation activity, enhanced, in athero-
211 sclerotic thrombogenesis, 10
Cardiac events, major, with left ventricular Codeine, as opioid agonist, 492-493
hypertrophy, 61-62 for cancer pain, 291
Cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training Cognitive-behavioral therapies, in pain
and, goal of, 213 management, 465-466, 523-524
guidelines for, 221-224 Cognitive changes, with aging, implica-
Cardiogenic shock, in acute myocardial in- tions for treatment, 469
farction, management of, 157-158 Cognitive impairment, and falls, in nursing
Cardiomyopathy, diabetic, 74 home, 886
Cardiorespiratory endurance, decline with and inadequate pain management, 585
aging, 210 and risk of fall, treatment of, 755
Cardiovascular changes, with exercise as barrier to pain assessment, 610
training, 211-212 in late life, epidemiology of, 474-475
Cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and, in terminal illness, 340-344
33 increase with aging, 474
prevention of, cholesterol lowering and, pain with, 473-487
36 Cognitive status, in nursing home popula-
risk of, factors in, 70-71 tion, 476
lipoprotein disorders as predictors of, Cognitive therapy, in pain management,
34-35 465-466, 523-524
Cardiovascular function, assessment of, in Cold, as pain inducer, effects of, 439
dizziness, 796 Collateral circulation, role of, in coronary
physiologic decline with aging, 208-209 plaque evolution, 12-13
Caregiver, concerns about home pain man- Communications, unusual, with impending
agement, 538 death, 365
involvement in pain management, 531- Community settings, supportive, creation
547 of, for falls prevention, 874-875
nonfamilial, involvement of, 541 Competence, definition of, 377
pain experience of, 537 Comprehensive care, in terminal illness,
roles of, in nondrug pain relief, 538-539 270-277. See also Terminal illness.
in pain management, 536-538 Compression fracture, pain syndrome in,
Catecholamines, high levels of, in athero- 525-526
sclerotic thrombogenesis, 9 Conduction disturbances, in acute myocar-
Causalgia, with traumatic nerve injury, dial infarction, management of, 155-
503-504 156
Celiac plexus block, for pain, 553-555 Confrontation tests, for visual field evalua-
Center of mass, definition of, 636 tion, 813
displacement of, plots of, 662 Congestion, in impending death, 364
Center of pressure, changes with aging, Congestive heart failure, in acute myocar-
technology-based assessment of, 729 dial infarction, management of, 153-
definition of, 636 154
CUMULATIVE INDEX 907
Constipation, in terminal illness, causes of, dyslipidemia and, 33-40. See also Dysli-
320 pidemia.
management of, 319-321 exercise training for, 207-229. See also
with opioids, 497 Exercise training.
Contrast, calculation of, 807 hypertension and, 41-56. See also Hyper-
sensitivity to, and mobility, 806-811 tension.
calculation of, 809 mortality with increasing age, 34
curve of, 809 pathophysiology of, 1-21
normal vs abnormal, 811 physical inactivity and, 79-88. See also
loss of, 804 Physical activity.
measurement chart for, 810 smoking and, 23-32. See also Smoking.
Control, feedback, definition of, 636 stress testing for, 101-119. See also Stress
feedforward, definition of, 636 testing.
postural, 635-658. See also Postural con- with aging, 211
trol. Coronary perfusion, decreased, with left
Coolness, in impending death, 363 ventricular hypertrophy, 59
Cordotomy, for pain management, in ter- Coronary plaques, evolution of, clinical
minal care, 309 consequences of, 11-13
Coronary angioplasty, percutaneous tran- coronary syndromes, 11-12
sluminal, 181-194 role of vasospasm and collateral cir-
bypass surgery vs, 185-187, 202-203 culation, 12-13
mortality rate, 186 Coronary syndromes, in coronary plaque
patient selection, 188 evolution, 11-12
predictors of outcome, 186-187 Corticosteroids, adjuvant, for cancer pain,
stroke and cognitive dysfunction, 295
186 in terminal illness, for bowel obstruction,
characteristics of elderly receiving, 182 324
completeness of revascularization, for dyspnea, 318
184-185 Cost-effective hospice care, 417-428
for acute myocardial infarction, 152- Cough, in terminal illness, management of,
153, 187-188 318-319
for chronic coronary artery disease, Coumadin, after acute myocardial infarc-
181-185 tion, 174-175
goals of therapy with, 189 Cruciform anterior spinal hyperextension
intracoronary stents in, 188 orthosis, for back pain management,
long-term outcome after, 184 522, 525
predictors of poor early outcome, 183 Cryotherapy, in pain management, 521
procedural outcome of, 182-183 Cultural considerations, involving death
Coronary artery bypass surgery, 195-205 and dying, 393-406
evidence of benefit of, 200-202 as barriers to effective palliative care,
goals of treatment with, 196 412-414
hospital stay following, 199 “blind spots’, 399-401
indications for, 197-198 faux pas, 395
long-term survival following, 200-202 insensitivity, 395-397
percutaneous transluminal coronary an- misunderstandings, 397-399
gioplasty vs, 185-187, 202-203 strategies for, 402-405
perioperative morbidity and mortality
with, 198-200
risk factors in, 199 Dark adaptation, and mobility, 811
Coronary artery (heart) disease, angina in, Deafferentiation pain, 505
management of, 121-140 Death, and dying, 359-368
drug therapy for, 122-132 perspectives on, 359-362
nitrates, 123-125 stages of, 360-361
general measures, 121-122 approach of, recognition of, 359-368
chronic, percutaneous transluminal coro- appropriate, 361-362
nary angioplasty for, 181-185 care for survivors, 367
clinical manifestations of, 89-100 cultural considerations of, 393-406
diabetes mellitus and, 69-78. See also Di- “blind spots’, 399-401
abetes mellitus. faux pas, 395
diagnosis of, 46, 89-100 insensitivity, 395-397
908 §=CUMULATIVE INDEX
Death (continued ) Diltiazem, after acute myocardial infarc-
misunderstanding, 397-399 tion, 171-172
strategies in, 402-405 and falls, 852
comfortable setting, 403 for angina, 132
cultural guides, 404-405 Dipyridamole, for pharmacologic stress
eliciting cultural information, 404 testing, 113
patient-directed disclosure, 403-404 Disability, definition of, 762
recognition of one’s own cultural be- Disease, definition of, 762
liefs/biases, 403-404 Disorientation, in impending death, 363
technology and changes, 401 Distress, with pain, 464
epidemiology of, 255-256 Diuretics, and falls, 852
location of, 362 for hypertension prevention, 50
relevance of culture to, 393-394 for left ventricular hypertrophy, 63
Decision making, capacity for, establish- Dizziness, and falls, in nursing home, 885
ment of, 370-371 approach to patient with, 795-798
ethical, near end of life, 369-377 history, 795-796
advance directives, 372-373 physical examination, 795-796
futility, 374 psychological status assessment, 797
justice, 374-375 clinical classification of, 787-788
surrogate, 373 evaluation and management of, 785-801
therapeutic privilege in, 371-372 key syndromes of, 789-794
voluntary active euthanasia, 373-374 cervical, 792
Delirium, and inadequate pain manage- drug-induced, 793
ment, 585 labyrinthitis, 790
in terminal illness, 341 Meniere’s disease, 790
causes of, 342 multiple neurosensory impairments,
medications for, 343 793-794
increase with aging, 469 physical deconditioning, 792-793
Dementia, epidemiology of, 474 positional vertigo, 789-790
increase with aging, 468 postural dizziness without postural
syndrome of depression with, increase hypotension, 789
with aging, 468-469 psychologic factors, 794
transition to terminal care in, 354-355 recurrent vestibulopathy, 790
Denial, in dying process, 360 stroke, 791-792
Depression, and pain, in nursing home, vertebrobasilar transient ischemic at-
609-610 tacks, 791
dementia syndrome of, increase with ag- vestibular neuronitis, 790
ing, 468-469 management of, 798-799
in terminal illness, 333-340, 361 pathophysiology of, 788-789
with pain, 464 symptoms of, 786-788
Dextorphan, for neuropathic pain, 513 Dobutamine, for pharmacologic stress test-
Dextroamphetamine, for depression, in ter- ing, 114
minal illness, 338 Dorsal column stimulation, for pain, 556-
Diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart dis- 557
ease, 69-78 Dorsal rhizotomy, for pain management, in
and coronary risk, 72-73 terminal care, 309
as cardiovascular disease risk factor, 70- Drop attacks, and falls, in nursing home,
71 886-887
atherogenesis in, 71 Drug(s), and falls, in nursing home, 887
glucose tolerance and, 69-70 Drug-induced dizziness, 793
management in elderly, 74-76 Duke Mobility Scale, 713
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, 74 for functional balance and gait measures,
Diabetic retinopathy, contrast sensitivity 718
curve in, 811 Dying, cultural considerations of, 393-406
Diagnostic blocks, for pain diagnosis and “blind spots”, 399-401
treatment, 549-550 faux pas, 395
Diarrhea, in terminal illness, management insensitivity, 395-397
of, 321-322 misunderstanding, 397-399
Diazepam, and falls, 852 strategies in, 402-405. See also under
Dihydropyridines, for angina, 131-132 Death.
CUMULATIVE INDEX 909
technology and changes, 401 barriers to safety modifications,
end-of-life opportunities with, 244-251 875-878
developmental model of, 247-249 use as instrument for change, 859-869
life review, 249-250 Environmental press, excess disability with,
meaning and the transcendent, 250- 872
251 Equilibrium, dynamic, definition of, 636
epidemiology of, 255-256 impaired control of, in Parkinson’s dis-
hospice approach to, 239-240, 254 ease, 836-837
mental and spiritual changes in, 364-365 Estrogen replacement, after acute myocar-
patient care in, 253-265 dial infarction, 177-178
physical symptoms and, 362-364 for hypertension prevention, 52-53
predicting terminal diagnosis in, 261-262 Ethical decision making, near end of life,
relevance of culture to, 393-394 369-377
Dynamic equilibrium, definition of, 636 Ethical issues, in pain management, 615-
Dysequilibrium, clinical classification of, 628
786 Ethyl alcohol neurolysis, for pain, 555-556
definition of, 786 Euthanasia, definition of, 624
of aging, 788 moral issues of, 625-626
Dyslipidemia, after acute myocardial in- patient requests for, 624-625
farction, management of, 175-176 voluntary active, near end of life, 373-374
and coronary artery disease, 33-40 with pain, 623-626
Dyspnea, in coronary artery disease, 89-91 Excess disability, with environmental press,
in myocardial infarction, 92 872
in terminal illness, management of, 316- Exercise, cardiovascular response to, 101-
318 103
Dysrhythmias, with left ventricular hyper- combined, interventions and outcomes
trophy, 60-61 with, in healthy elders, 775-776
in impaired elders, 777
Echocardiographic exercise testing, 113 studies of, 773-779
in healthy elders, 773-779
Echocardiography, in myocardial infarction
in impaired elders, 779
diagnosis, 97-98 for postural control and gait, technology-
Electrical shock, as pain inducer, effects of,
based assessment of, 736-737
439 injury during, incidence by age and ac-
Electrocardiography, abnormalities with
tivity, 219
hypertension, 47
interventions with, positive effects of,
ambulatory, in myocardial infarction di-
780-781
agnosis, 93-97
pain clinic use of, 568-569
exercise, prognostic utility of, 105-109
progressive, for back pain management,
resting, for myocardial infarction diagno-
522
sis, 92-93
Exercise testing, diagnostic value of, 103-
Electrotherapy, pain clinic use of, 569 104
Emetic brain areas, characteristics of, 314 echocardiography, 113
Enalapril, after acute myocardial infarction, for myocardial infarction diagnosis, 93
173 radionuclide, diagnostic utility of, 109-
Enalaprilat, after acute myocardial infarc- 110
tion, 172-173 prognostic utility of, 110-113
End of life, developmental tasks and land- Exercise training, and cardiac rehabilita-
marks for, 248 tion, goal of, 213
ethical decision making near, 369-377 components of, 215, 218
opportunity at, nature of, 237-252 for coronary artery disease, 207-229
developmental model of, 247-249 guidelines for, 214
life review, 249-250 cardiac rehabilitation, 221-224
meaning and the transcendent, 250- healthy asymptomatic elderly, 218-221
251 healthy young and middle-aged, 214-
Environment, and falls, in nursing home, 218
867, 869, 885-886 in cardiac disease, 215, 224
role in falls prevention, 859-880 in cardiac disease, outcomes of, 223-226
supportive, creation of, for falls preven- physiologic responses to, 225
tion, 874-878 prescription for, 214-226
910 CUMULATIVE INDEX
Exercise training (continued) cohort studies of, 748
intensity, frequency, and duration of, importance as public health problem,
214-217 745-746
outcome of, 211-213 prevention of, 752-756
cardiovascular changes, 211-212 assessment and intervention, 753-
health changes, 212-213 756
musculoskeletal changes, 212 physical performance tests, 754
progression of training stimulus, 217— primary, 753
218, 220 reduction of, multifactorial approach
resistance, 220 to, 745-759
Exertion, perceived, Borg scales for, 216 research findings in, 751-752
Extremity weakness, and risk of fall, treat- risk factors for, 746-751
ment of, 755 characteristics of faller, 747
situational, 750
Facial expression, as evidence of pain, in treatment of, 755
medications and, 847-858. See also Medi-
cognitively impaired persons, 483
cations.
Factor VII levels, in atherosclerotic throm-
bogenesis, 10 prevention of, creation of supportive en-
vironment, 874-878
Fall(s), among community residents, envi-
barriers to safety modifications, 875-
ronmental factors in, 860, 865
878
conditions for, 638
affordability, 876
environmental risk factors in, circum-
installation, 876-877
stances, 861-864 legal, 877-878
inadequate conceptualization, 870 psychologic, 875-876
measurement of, 871
recognizing need, 875
mechanisms of, 871
devices for, 896-899
frequent, in Parkinson’s disease, 827
history of, protective stepping and, 834— environmental press and, 872-873
in nursing home, 881-902
836
limitations of research on, 870-871
in nursing home, causes and risk factors
role of environment in, 859-880
for, 883-888
diagnostic approach to, 888-891 risk of, center of pressure displacement
and, 646-647
ambulatory cardiac monitor, 890-
compensatory feet-in-place reactions
891
and, 650-651
circumstances, 889
compensatory stepping reactions and,
gait and balance assessment, 890
652
laboratory evaluation, 890
technology-based assessment for, 736-
mobility and independence, 890
737
symptoms, 889-890
sequence of actions in, 868
epidemiology of, 881-883
technology-based assessment of, 733
incidence of, 882 Fallers, in long-term care settings, 867
prevention of, 881-902
Family, definition of, 531-532
risk factors for, 884 impact of pain on, 533-534
therapy and prevention, 891-899 involvement in pain management, 531-
environmental! assessment, 894-895 547
improving gait and balance impair- Family Pain Questionnaire, 540, 542-543
ments, 893 Feedback control, definition of, 636
managing polypharmacy /inappro-
Feedforward control, definition of, 636
priate medications, 894 Feeding, trial of, failure of, 387
nursing interventions, 895-896 Feet-in-place reactions, compensatory, con-
prevention devices and programs, trol of, 650-651
896-899 effects of aging on, 645-649
treating dizziness syndromes, 893 Femur, fracture of, as reason for physician
treating postural hypotension, 893- visit, 446
894 Fentanyl, as opioid agonist, 493
treating weakness and impaired for postoperative pain management, 589
function, 892 transdermal, for cancer pain, 292
injurious, characteristics predicting frac- Fibrinogen levels, in atherosclerotic throm-
ture, 750-751 bogenesis, 10
CUMULATIVE INDEX 911
FICSIT, balance measurement with, 713— diagnoses in, 693-694
714 differential diagnosis of, 689-703
for functional balance and gait measures, evaluation and treatment of, 696-700
718 in Parkinson’s disease, 825-845
study of falls in, findings in, 752 clinical manifestations of, 825-827
Field loss, and mobility, 812 laboratory studies of, 835-838
Filial piety, cultural differences concerning, in patients referred for neurologic
399-400 evaluation, 692-695
Financial barriers, to effective palliative rehabilitation for, 699
care of terminal patients, 411-412 self-reported, 691-692
Fitness, decline with aging, 210-211 senile, 695
Fluid decrease, in impending death, 363 sensorimotor levels in, 695-698
Fluoxetine, for depression, in terminal ill- efficiency of, young vs old, 675
ness, 336 energy transfers during, young vs old,
Fluvoxamine, for depression, in terminal 675
illness, 336-337 functional assessment of, 690-691, 705-
Food choices, in spoon feeding, 386 723
Food decrease, in impending death, 363 appropriate measures for, 708-710
Foot, compensatory movements of, control evaluation framework for, 719-720
of, 649-653 properties and potential uses of, 717-
problems with, and risk of fall, treatment 718
of, 755 rationale for, 706-708
rotation of, kinematics of, 669 future work on, 676
Foot progression, kinematics of, 670 kinematics of, 665-671
Force plate, definition of, 636 kinetics of, 671-673
Fractures, with falls, cohort studies of, 748 maximal, young vs old, 674-675
risk factors for, 749 motor control and balance in, 662-664
Frail elderly, postoperative pain manage- musculoskeletal changes in, 664
ment in, 583-599 neurologic changes in, 662
analgesics for, 586-594 physiologic changes in, 661-662
assessment for, 586 physiology and biomechanics of, effects
Frailty, definition of, 761 of age on, 659-678
Fresnel prisms, for hemianopic field de- kinematics, 665-671
fects, 819 problems with, and risk of fall, treatment
Functional Ambulation Classification, of of, 755
gait disorders, 690 technology-based assessment of, chal-
Functional impairment, and falls, in nurs- lenges facing, 739
ing home, 887-888 simple assessment vs, 737
Functional limitations, definition of, 762 techniques for, 725-744
Functional loss, relationship to physiologic use and misuse of, 737-739
loss, evidence for, 762-763 velocity and timed measures of, 664-665
Functional performance, exercise to im- Gait Abnormality Rating Scale, 691, 716
prove, 761-784 Gait cycle, definition of, 660
Functional Reach, for functional balance events of, 662
and gait measures, 717 terminology of, 660
Futility, definition of, 377 Gait speed, as measure of mobility, 714-715
in end of life decision making, 374 elements of, 715
for functional balance and gait measures,
718
Gait. See aiso Balance. functional assessment of, 690-691
changes with aging, 664-665 Gastric ulcer, as reason for physician visit,
technology-based assessment of, 728-
445
734 Gastrostomy, complications of, 381
control of balance during, 653-654 Gemfibrozil, as lipid-lowering agent, 37
data on, young vs old, 674-675 Get Up and Go Test, of gait disorders, 690
definition of, 660-661, 707 Glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus,
demands of, methods to increase, 728 69-70
disorders of, and falls, in nursing home, effect of physical activity on, 80
885 Goldman perimetry, for peripheral visual
classification system for, 695-698 field evaluation, 814-815
912 CUMULATIVE INDEX
Good-byes, with impending death, 365 evolution into twenty-first century, 419
Gout, as reason for physician visit, 445 goals of, 258
Grief, following death, 365-367 in terminal illness, 254, 270
abnormal, 366-367 interdisciplinary team for, 260-261
normal, manifestations of, 366 national and international organizations,
signs and symptoms of, 275 263-264
Ground reaction forces, definition of, 636 need for in 1990s, 262-263
Group therapy, pain clinic use of, 570 philosophy of, 258-260
Guided imagery, for pain management, in predicting terminal diagnosis in, 261-262
terminal care, 305-306 services and structure of, 418-419
Hospice Association of America, 264
Hospital, as death setting, 362
Haloperidol, in terminal illness, for anxiety, Humerus, fracture of, as reason for physi-
332
cian visit, 446
for delirium, 342
Humphrey visual field test, 814-816
Head motion, and postural control, 647
Hydration, in terminal patient, 379-391
Headache, as reason for physician visit, 443
with nitrate therapy, 124 parenteral, sole use of, 387
Hydrocodone, as opioid agonist, 492-493
Health, changes with exercise training,
for cancer pain, 291
212-213 Hydromorphone, as opioid agonist, 493
decline with aging, 211
for cancer pain, 291
Heart disease, ischemic, revascularization
Hydroxyzine, for anxiety, in terminal ill-
in, 203
ness, 332
transition to terminal care in, 353-354
Heart failure, congestive, in acute myocar- Hyperalgesia, with nerve injury, 503
Hyperglycemia, tight control of, 74
dial infarction, 153-154
Hypertension, after acute myocardial in-
Heat, as pain inducer, effects of, 439
farction, management of, 176
Heat therapy, in pain management, 520 aging and, cardiac sequelae of, 46
Hemianopia, rehabilitative devices for,
common features of, 45
817-820
and coronary artery disease, 41-56
Heparin, for unstable angina, 135
pathophysiologic relationships be-
Heroin, for cancer pain, 290-291
Herpes zoster, as reason for physician visit, tween, 52
and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular dis-
445
Heterocyclic antidepressants, for depres- ease risk with, 70-71
control of, in diabetes mellitus, 75
sion, in terminal illness, 338 diagnosis of, 46—47
Hip, effect on gait, 673-674
epidemiologic observations, 41-44
fractures of, interventions to decrease,
long-term follow-up, 42-43
752
placebo-controlled therapeutic trials,
with falls, risk factors for, 749
43-44
gait kinetics of, 672
essential, cardiac structural adaptation
kinematics of, 667-670
to, 58
motion of, and postural control, 648
Hirudin, for unstable angina, 136 pathophysiology of, 44-46
cardiac sequelae of, 46
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, as lipid-
lowering agent, 37 decreased arterial compliance, 44-46
therapy for, 48-53
Holter monitoring, in myocardial infarction
benefit vs hazard of, 48-49
diagnosis, 93-97
extent of, 48-49
Home, as death setting, 362
preferred drug for, 49
Hospice, 417—428
preventive, 50-53
approach to suffering by, 239-240
as death setting, 362 Hypotension, in acute myocardial infarc-
tion, management of, 154-155
cost-benefit analysis of, 422
orthostatic, and falls, in nursing home,
cost-effectiveness of, 421-425
National Hospice Study, 421-424 886
postural, postural dizziness without, 789
randomized trials, 424-425
studies of, 425
cost per week of, 423 Illumination, with visual field loss, 819-820
development of, 256-258, 417-418 Impairment, definition of, 762
economic principles of, 419-421 Incontinence, in impending death, 363